{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T14:38:51Z","timestamp":1782830331807,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005722","name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005722","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bundesgesundheitsbl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title><jats:p>Die Aussage, dass Suizide zu 90\u202f% Folge psychischer Erkrankungen sind, wird h\u00e4ufig in der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zitiert. Neuere Analysen und Kommentare ziehen das aber in Zweifel und betonen die Notwendigkeit, vielf\u00e4ltigere Ursachen f\u00fcr Suizidereignisse zu beachten, auch um die Pr\u00e4vention von Suiziden nicht auf das Erkennen und Behandeln psychischer Erkrankungen zu reduzieren. Das Ziel dieser \u00dcbersichtsarbeit ist die Darstellung und Bewertung wichtiger empirischer Befunde zu der Frage, ob die Rolle psychischer St\u00f6rungen beim Suizid \u00fcberbewertet wird.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Psychische St\u00f6rungen erh\u00f6hen das Risiko eines Suizides um das bis zu 30- bis 50-Fache gegen\u00fcber der Allgemeinbev\u00f6lkerung, dennoch wird dadurch nur ein Teil aller Suizide erkl\u00e4rt. Aus Beobachtungs- und Therapiestudien ergeben sich deutliche Hinweise, dass psychische St\u00f6rungen nur ein Faktor unter mehreren sind, die zu Suizid f\u00fchren. Eine Rolle spielen beispielsweise auch Beziehungsprobleme, Substanzmissbrauch, Belastungen durch schwere k\u00f6rperliche Erkrankungen, akute Krisen im Beruf, Probleme mit Finanzen und juristische Belastungen.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Suizidales Verhalten weist auf eine tiefe Unzufriedenheit hin, aber nicht notwendigerweise auf eine psychische Erkrankung. Viele Menschen mit einer psychischen Erkrankung zeigen kein suizidales Verhalten und nicht alle Menschen, die sich ihr Leben nehmen, haben eine psychische Erkrankung. Diese Erkenntnisse haben erhebliche Konsequenzen f\u00fcr die universale und indizierte Pr\u00e4vention von Suiziden.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-021-03464-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T16:04:45Z","timestamp":1638893085000},"page":"25-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Wird die Rolle von psychischen Erkrankungen beim Suizid \u00fcberbewertet?","Is the role of mental illness in suicide overestimated?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Brieger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Menzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Hamann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"3464_CR1","first-page":"181","volume":"1","author":"JM Bertolote","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bertolote\u00a0JM, Fleischmann\u00a0A (2002) Suicide and psychiatric diagnosis: a\u00a0worldwide perspective. World Psychiatry 1:181\u2013185","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"3464_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910.25.4.147","volume":"25","author":"JM Bertolote","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bertolote\u00a0JM, Fleischmann\u00a0A, De Leo\u00a0D, Wasserman\u00a0D (2004) Psychiatric diagnoses and suicide: revisiting the evidence. Crisis 25:147\u2013155","journal-title":"Crisis"},{"key":"3464_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/pam.20089","volume":"24","author":"J Ludwig","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ludwig\u00a0J, Marcotte\u00a0DE (2005) Anti-depressants, suicide, and drug regulation. J\u00a0Policy Anal Manage 24:249\u2013272","journal-title":"J Policy Anal Manage"},{"key":"3464_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1107-1985","volume":"47","author":"P Brieger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brieger\u00a0P, Menzel\u00a0S (2020) Sind Menschen, die sich das Leben nehmen, psychisch krank? \u2013 Kontra. Psychiatr Prax 47:177\u2013178","journal-title":"Psychiatr Prax"},{"key":"3464_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e68","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796019000647","volume":"29","author":"M Pompili","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pompili\u00a0M (2019) Epidemiology of suicide: from population to single cases. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 29:e68","journal-title":"Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci"},{"key":"3464_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6722a1","volume":"67","author":"DM Stone","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stone\u00a0DM, Simon\u00a0TR, Fowler\u00a0KA et\u00a0al (2018) Vital signs: trends in state suicide rates\u2014United States, 1999\u20132016 and circumstances contributing to suicide\u201427 states, 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 67:617\u2013624","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"3464_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30308-4","volume":"7","author":"M Pierce","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pierce\u00a0M, Hope\u00a0H, Ford\u00a0T et al (2020) Mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a\u00a0longitudinal probability sample survey of the UK population. Lancet Psychiatry 7:883\u2013892","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"3464_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(21)00091-2","volume":"8","author":"J Pirkis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pirkis\u00a0J, John\u00a0A, Shin\u00a0S et al (2021) Suicide trends in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic: an interrupted time-series analysis of preliminary data from 21\u00a0countries. Lancet Psychiatry 8:579\u2013588","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"3464_CR9","first-page":"A-714","volume":"118","author":"N R\u00fcsch","year":"2021","unstructured":"R\u00fcsch\u00a0N (2021) Psychische Gesundheit: Herausforderung f\u00fcr die Pr\u00e4vention. Dtsch Arztebl 118:A-714","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl"},{"key":"3464_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291721001549:1-11","author":"XL Fu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fu\u00a0XL, Qian\u00a0Y, Jin\u00a0XH et al (2021) Suicide rates among people with serious mental illness: a\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291721001549:1-11","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"3464_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.113","volume":"68","author":"M Nordentoft","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nordentoft\u00a0M, Mortensen\u00a0PB, Pedersen\u00a0CB (2011) Absolute risk of suicide after first hospital contact in mental disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 68:1058\u20131064","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"3464_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2021.02.053","volume":"137","author":"M Moitra","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moitra\u00a0M, Santomauro\u00a0D, Degenhardt\u00a0L et al (2021) Estimating the risk of suicide associated with mental disorders: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. J\u00a0Psychiatr Res 137:242\u2013249","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"3464_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.117.539.437","volume":"117","author":"SB Guze","year":"1970","unstructured":"Guze\u00a0SB, Robins\u00a0E (1970) Suicide and primary affective disorders. Br J Psychiatry 117:437\u2013438","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3464_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2019.167:1-6","author":"RJ Baldessarini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baldessarini\u00a0RJ, Tondo\u00a0L, Pinna\u00a0M, Nunez\u00a0N, Vazquez\u00a0GH (2019) Suicidal risk factors in major affective disorders. Br J Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.2019.167:1-6","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3464_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651327","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.651327","volume":"12","author":"H Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim\u00a0H, Kim\u00a0Y, Lee\u00a0G et\u00a0al (2021) Predictive factors associated with methods of suicide: the Korean national investigations of suicide victims (the KNIGHTS study). Front Psychiatry 12:651327","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"3464_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.1044","volume":"74","author":"DT Chung","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chung\u00a0DT, Ryan\u00a0CJ, Hadzi-Pavlovic\u00a0D, Singh\u00a0SP, Stanton\u00a0C, Large\u00a0MM (2017) Suicide rates after discharge from psychiatric facilities: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 74:694\u2013702","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"3464_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2018.22","volume":"212","author":"MM Large","year":"2018","unstructured":"Large\u00a0MM, Kapur\u00a0N (2018) Psychiatric hospitalisation and the risk of suicide. Br J Psychiatry 212:269\u2013273","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3464_CR18","volume-title":"Umgang mit Suizid in psychiatrischen Einrichtungen","author":"S Menzel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Menzel\u00a0S, Brieger\u00a0P (2021) Umgang mit Suizid in psychiatrischen Einrichtungen. Psychiatrie Verlag, K\u00f6ln"},{"key":"3464_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001968","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001968","volume":"13","author":"A Gysin-Maillart","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gysin-Maillart\u00a0A, Schwab\u00a0S, Soravia\u00a0L, Megert\u00a0M, Michel\u00a0K (2016) A novel brief therapy for patients who attempt suicide: a 24-months follow-up randomized controlled study of the attempted suicide short intervention program (ASSIP). PLoS Med 13:e1001968","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"3464_CR20","volume-title":"Malattie fisiche e mentali associate al suicidio: Un\u2019analisi sulle cause multiple di morte. Nota Informativa","author":"Istat","year":"2017","unstructured":"Istat (2017) Malattie fisiche e mentali associate al suicidio: Un\u2019analisi sulle cause multiple di morte. Nota Informativa. Istituto Nazionale de Statistica,"},{"key":"3464_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1055\/a-1067-0151","volume":"47","author":"P Brieger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brieger\u00a0P, Kaps\u00a0B, Lohmann\u00a0F, Kammerlander\u00a0B, Hamann\u00a0J (2020) A psychological autopsy study based on 626 German police records. Psychiatr Prax 47:198\u2013206","journal-title":"Psychiatr Prax"},{"key":"3464_CR22","volume-title":"Saving normal. An insider\u2019s revolt against out-of-control psychiatric diagnosis, DSM-5, big pharma, and the medicalization of ordinary life","author":"A Frances","year":"2013","unstructured":"Frances\u00a0A (2013) Saving normal. An insider\u2019s revolt against out-of-control psychiatric diagnosis, DSM\u20115, big pharma, and the medicalization of ordinary life. HarperCollins, New York"},{"key":"3464_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/sltb.12738","author":"KR Conner","year":"2021","unstructured":"Conner\u00a0KR, Chapman\u00a0BP, Beautrais\u00a0AL et\u00a0al (2021) Introducing the psychological autopsy methodology checklist. Suicide Life Threat Behav. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sltb.12738","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threat Behav"},{"key":"3464_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1080\/07481187.2011.584015","volume":"36","author":"H Hjelmeland","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hjelmeland\u00a0H, Dieserud\u00a0G, Dyregrov\u00a0K, Knizek\u00a0BL, Leenaars\u00a0AA (2012) Psychological autopsy studies as diagnostic tools: are they methodologically flawed? Death Stud 36:605\u2013626","journal-title":"Death Stud"},{"key":"3464_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1943-278X.1999.tb00524.x","volume":"29","author":"ES Shneidman","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shneidman\u00a0ES (1999) The psychological pain assessment scale. Suicide Life Threat Behav 29:287\u2013294","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threat Behav"},{"key":"3464_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.186.3.182","volume":"186","author":"M Maj","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maj\u00a0M (2005) \u201cPsychiatric comorbidity\u201d: an artefact of current diagnostic systems? Br J Psychiatry 186:182\u2013184","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"3464_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-021-03466-y","author":"T Teismann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Teismann T, Gysin-Maillart A (2021) Psychotherapie nach einem Suizidversuch \u2013 Evidenzlage und Bewertung. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00103-021-03466-y","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz"},{"key":"3464_CR28","volume-title":"Irren ist menschlich. Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie","author":"G Schleuning","year":"2017","unstructured":"Schleuning\u00a0G, Menzel\u00a0S, Brieger\u00a0P (2017) Der f\u00fcr sich und Andere ausweglose Mensch (Krisen und Krisenintervention). In: D\u00f6rner\u00a0K, Plog\u00a0U, Bock\u00a0T (Hrsg) Irren ist menschlich. Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie. Psychiatrie Verlag, K\u00f6ln"}],"container-title":["Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00103-021-03464-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00103-021-03464-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00103-021-03464-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T19:12:44Z","timestamp":1699902764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00103-021-03464-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["3464"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00103-021-03464-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-9990","1437-1588"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-9990","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-1588","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 June 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 December 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien"}},{"value":"P.\u00a0Brieger, S.\u00a0Menzel und J.\u00a0Hamann geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Interessenkonflikt"}},{"value":"F\u00fcr diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgef\u00fchrt. F\u00fcr die aufgef\u00fchrten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Interessenkonflikt"}}]}}