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Weltweit leiden derzeit ca.\u00a0325\u202fMio. Menschen an der chronischen Form. J\u00e4hrlich versterben insgesamt ca.\u00a01,6\u202fMio. an den Folgen einer viralen Hepatitis. Die Hepatitisviren werden in 5\u00a0Erregergruppen unterteilt, die mit den Buchstaben\u00a0A bis\u00a0E bezeichnet werden (HAV\u2013HEV). Diese unterscheiden sich in Phylogenie, \u00dcbertragung, Epidemiologie, Wirtsspezifit\u00e4t, Lebenszyklus, Struktur und in speziellen Aspekten der Pathogenese.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Das strikt humanpathogene HAV, Teil der Familie <jats:italic>Picornaviridae<\/jats:italic>, induziert meist nur akute Hepatitiden und ist prim\u00e4r in Entwicklungsl\u00e4ndern verbreitet. Das den <jats:italic>Hepeviridae<\/jats:italic> zugeordnete HEV beschreibt eine \u00e4hnliche Epidemiologie, ist jedoch durch sein zoonotisches Potenzial auch in Industrienationen weitverbreitet und kann zus\u00e4tzlich eine chronische Erkrankung induzieren. Eine Chronifizierung tritt ebenso bei dem weltweit verbreiteten HBV (<jats:italic>Hepadnaviridae<\/jats:italic>) auf, dessen Satellitenvirus HDV (<jats:italic>Kolmioviridae)<\/jats:italic> das vorhandene kanzerogene Potenzial noch einmal erh\u00f6ht. Das ebenfalls weltweit verbreitete HCV (<jats:italic>Flaviviridae<\/jats:italic>) birgt ein \u00e4u\u00dferst hohes Risiko der Chronifizierung und somit ebenfalls ein stark erh\u00f6htes, kanzerogenes Potenzial.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Die Erreger der viralen Hepatitis unterscheiden sich in ihren Eigenschaften und Lebenszyklen. Eine differenzierte Betrachtung im Hinblick auf Epidemiologie, Nachweismethoden und Pr\u00e4vention ist daher angezeigt. Obwohl robuste Therapien, und im Falle einzelner Erreger auch Vakzine, vorhanden sind, muss die Forschung insbesondere in Hinblick auf die armutsassoziierten Erreger erheblich vorangetrieben werden.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-021-03472-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T11:03:49Z","timestamp":1640084629000},"page":"139-148","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Die Virushepatitiden A\u00a0bis E: Pr\u00e4valenz, Erregermerkmale und Pathogenese","Viral hepatitis\u00a0A to\u00a0E: prevalence, pathogen characteristics, and pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Bender","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirco","family":"Glitscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eberhard","family":"Hildt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"3472_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1126\/science.182.4116.1026","volume":"182","author":"SM Feinstone","year":"1973","unstructured":"Feinstone\u00a0SM, Kapikian\u00a0AZ, Purceli\u00a0RH (1973) Hepatitis A: detection by immune electron microscopy of a\u00a0viruslike antigen associated with acute illness. 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