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Um die Sicherheit von Spenderblut zu gew\u00e4hrleisten und Empf\u00e4nger vor Virus\u00fcbertragungen zu sch\u00fctzen, werden Blutkonserven in Deutschland mit Nukleins\u00e4ureamplifikationstechniken (NAT) auf Virusgenom sowie mit serologischen Methoden auf virale Antigene und humane Antik\u00f6rper getestet. In diesem Beitrag werden die entsprechenden Regularien zur Sicherheit von Blut und Blutprodukten in Deutschland sowie die verschiedenen Screeningmethoden beschrieben. Die Sicherheit der Blutprodukte wird bewertet.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Beim Spenderscreening angewandte NAT-Methoden basieren auf Technologien der Polymerasekettenreaktion (PCR) oder auf isothermen Verfahren, wie der<jats:italic>Transcription-mediated Amplification<\/jats:italic>(TMA), welche einen hochempfindlichen Nachweis einer Virusinfektion in Spenderblut erm\u00f6glichen und so zu einer Verk\u00fcrzung der diagnostischen Fensterperiode beitragen. Bereits seit den 1970er-Jahren wird zur Erkennung einer m\u00f6glichen HBV-Infektion ein Screening des viralen Oberfl\u00e4chenproteins (HBsAg) gefordert. Die verpflichtende Einf\u00fchrung der Testung auf HCV-spezifische Antik\u00f6rper 1992, der HCV-NAT-Testung 1999 und des Anti-HBc-Spenderscreenings 2006 sowie die nichtverpflichtende, von den meisten Blutspendeeinrichtungen freiwillig durchgef\u00fchrte HBV-NAT-Testung haben die Sicherheit von Blutprodukten deutlich verbessert und \u00dcbertragungsf\u00e4lle auf seltene Einzelf\u00e4lle in der fr\u00fchen diagnostischen Fensterperiode reduziert. Der Erfolg der 2020 in Deutschland eingef\u00fchrten HEV-NAT-Testung von Spenderblut wird sich in den kommenden Jahren bemessen lassen. Neben der Spendertestung erg\u00e4nzen Ma\u00dfnahmen zur Spenderauswahl und Pathogeninaktivierung das Sicherheitssystem f\u00fcr Blutspenden in Deutschland.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-021-03480-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T13:02:48Z","timestamp":1642078968000},"page":"209-219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sicherheit von Blut und Blutprodukten: Testmethoden zum Nachweis der Hepatitisviren\u00a0B,\u00a0C und\u00a0E","Safety of blood and blood products: test methods for the detection of hepatitis\u00a0B,\u00a0C, and\u00a0E\u00a0virus"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Johanna","family":"Mitterreiter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heinrich","family":"Scheiblauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Fiedler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Kre\u00df","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3480_CR1","volume-title":"Global hepatitis report 2017","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2017) Global hepatitis report 2017. 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