{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T10:12:09Z","timestamp":1787825529741,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018936","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Heidelberg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bundesgesundheitsbl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title><jats:p>Die Blockade des Zelleintritts von Krankheitserregern ist ein geeigneter Ansatz, um Neuinfektionen zu verhindern. Der therapeutische Einsatz von Eintrittsinhibitoren bei chronisch infizierten Patienten war jedoch bisher nur begrenzt erfolgreich. Zur Behandlung von chronischen Hepatitis-D-Virus-(HDV-)Infektionen wurde im Juli 2020 mit Bulevirtide (BLV) ein vielversprechender Wirkstoff bedingt zugelassen, der auf diesem Wirkprinzip beruht. Zuvor hatten f\u00fcr HDV keine gezielte Medikation zur Verf\u00fcgung gestanden und die Behandlung beruhte auf dem Off-Label-Einsatz von Interferon-Alpha\/Peginterferon-Alpha (IFN\u03b1\/Peg-IFN\u03b1). In diesem Beitrag wird ein \u00dcberblick \u00fcber die Grundlagen des Wirkmechanismus von BLV gegeben und bisher vorliegende klinische Daten werden zusammengefasst.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Eine HDV-Infektion manifestiert sich als Ko- oder Superinfektion bei Hepatitis-B-Virus-(HBV-)Infektionen und betrifft 4,5\u201315\u202f% der HBV-Patienten weltweit. HDV nutzt die H\u00fcllproteine von HBV zur Verbreitung. BLV wirkt, indem es den HBV\/HDV-Rezeptor natriumtaurocholat-co-transportierendes Polypeptid (NTCP) blockiert und so den Eintritt von HBV\/HDV in Hepatozyten verhindert. BLV senkt die HDV-Serum-RNA-Spiegel und f\u00fchrt bei HBV\/HDV-infizierten Personen zur Normalisierung der Alanin-Aminotransferase-(ALT-)Werte. Es hat ein ausgezeichnetes Sicherheitsprofil, selbst wenn es \u00fcber 48\u00a0Wochen in hohen Dosen (10\u202fmg t\u00e4glich) verabreicht wird. In Kombination mit Peg-IFN\u03b1 zeigt BLV synergistische Effekte auf die Senkung der HDV-RNA im Serum, aber auch auf die Hepatitis-B-Oberfl\u00e4chenantigen-(HBsAg\u2011)Spiegel. Dies f\u00fchrte bei einer Untergruppe von Patienten zu einer funktionellen Heilung, wenn 2\u202fmg BLV plus Peg-IFN\u03b1 verabreicht wurden. Der Mechanismus dieser wahrscheinlich immunvermittelten Eliminierung wird in Folgestudien untersucht.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-022-03486-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T20:55:33Z","timestamp":1642107333000},"page":"254-263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Bulevirtide als erster spezifischer Wirkstoff gegen Hepatitis-D-Virusinfektionen\u00a0\u2013 Mechanismus und klinische Wirkung","Bulevirtide as the first specific agent against hepatitis\u00a0D virus infections\u2014mechanism and clinical effect"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Shirin","family":"Nkongolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julius","family":"Hollnberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3486_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1017\/s0950268818001942","volume":"146","author":"R Romeo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Romeo\u00a0R, Petruzziello\u00a0A, Pecheur\u00a0EI et\u00a0al (2018) Hepatitis delta virus and hepatocellular carcinoma: an update. Epidemiol Infect 146:1612\u20131618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0950268818001942","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"3486_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/s2468-1253(18)30056-6","volume":"3","author":"D Razavi-Shearer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Razavi-Shearer\u00a0D, Gamkrelidze\u00a0I, Nguyen\u00a0MI et al (2018) Global prevalence, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in 2016: a\u00a0modelling study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 3:383\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2468-1253(18)30056-6","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"3486_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.02.030","volume":"73","author":"D Alfaiate","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alfaiate\u00a0D, Cl\u00e9ment\u00a0S, Gomes\u00a0D, Goossens\u00a0N, Negro\u00a0F (2020) Chronic hepatitis D and hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. J\u00a0Hepatol 73:533\u2013539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.02.030","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"3486_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.013","volume":"64","author":"C Sureau","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sureau\u00a0C, Negro\u00a0F (2016) The hepatitis delta virus: replication and pathogenesis. J\u00a0Hepatol 64:S102\u2013S116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.02.013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"3486_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840070110","volume":"7","author":"K Krogsgaard","year":"1987","unstructured":"Krogsgaard\u00a0K, Kryger\u00a0P, Aldershvile\u00a0J, Andersson\u00a0P, S\u00f8rensen\u00a0TI, Nielsen\u00a0JO (1987) Delta-infection and suppression of hepatitis B virus replication in chronic HBsAg carriers. Hepatology 7:42\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.1840070110","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"3486_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.65.3.1099-1104.1991","volume":"65","author":"JC Wu","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wu\u00a0JC, Chen\u00a0PJ, Kuo\u00a0MY, Lee\u00a0SD, Chen\u00a0DS, Ting\u00a0LP (1991) Production of hepatitis delta virus and suppression of helper hepatitis B virus in a\u00a0human hepatoma cell line. J\u00a0Virol 65:1099\u20131104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.65.3.1099-1104.1991","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"3486_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510300217","volume":"30","author":"DT Lau","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lau\u00a0DT, Doo\u00a0E, Park\u00a0Y et\u00a0al (1999) Lamivudine for chronic delta hepatitis. Hepatology 30:546\u2013549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.510300217","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"3486_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/s1473-3099(18)30663-7","volume":"19","author":"H Wedemeyer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wedemeyer\u00a0H, Yurdaydin\u00a0C, Hardtke\u00a0S et al (2019) Peginterferon alfa-2a plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for hepatitis D (HIDIT-II): a\u00a0randomised, placebo controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Infect Dis 19:275\u2013286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1473-3099(18)30663-7","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"3486_CR9","volume-title":"Global hepatitis report 2017","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2017","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2017) Global hepatitis report 2017 ISBN 978-92-4-156545\u20115."},{"key":"3486_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/151.4.599","volume":"151","author":"BJ Mcmahon","year":"1985","unstructured":"Mcmahon\u00a0BJ, Alward\u00a0WL, Hall\u00a0DB et\u00a0al (1985) Acute hepatitis B virus infection: relation of age to the clinical expression of disease and subsequent development of the carrier state. J\u00a0Infect Dis 151:599\u2013603. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/infdis\/151.4.599","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"3486_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/s2468-1253(19)30119-0","volume":"4","author":"PA Revill","year":"2019","unstructured":"Revill\u00a0PA, Chisari\u00a0FV, Block\u00a0JM et\u00a0al (2019) A global scientific strategy to cure hepatitis B. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 4:545\u2013558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2468-1253(19)30119-0","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"3486_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2019.04.002","volume":"23","author":"A Likhitsup","year":"2019","unstructured":"Likhitsup\u00a0A, Lok\u00a0AS (2019) Understanding the natural history of hepatitis B virus infection and the new definitions of cure and the endpoints of clinical trials. Clin Liver Dis 23:401\u2013416. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cld.2019.04.002","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"3486_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23327","volume":"51","author":"TT Chang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chang\u00a0TT, Lai\u00a0CL, Kew Yoon\u00a0S et al (2010) Entecavir treatment for up to 5\u00a0years in patients with hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 51:422\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.23327","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"3486_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802878","volume":"359","author":"P Marcellin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marcellin\u00a0P, Heathcote\u00a0EJ, Buti\u00a0M et\u00a0al (2008) Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate versus adefovir dipivoxil for chronic hepatitis B. N\u00a0Engl J Med 359:2442\u20132455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa0802878","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"3486_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.11.039","volume":"68","author":"K Agarwal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Agarwal\u00a0K, Brunetto\u00a0M, Seto\u00a0WK et\u00a0al (2018) 96\u00a0weeks treatment of tenofovir alafenamide vs. tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for hepatitis B virus infection. J\u00a0Hepatol 68:672\u2013681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.11.039","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"3486_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2016.06.004","volume":"18","author":"F Zoulim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zoulim\u00a0F, Leboss\u00e9\u00a0F, Levrero\u00a0M (2016) Current treatments for chronic hepatitis B virus infections. Curr Opin Virol 18:109\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coviro.2016.06.004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Virol"},{"key":"3486_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23785","volume":"52","author":"TT Chang","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chang\u00a0TT, Liaw\u00a0YF, Wu\u00a0SS et al (2010) Long-term entecavir therapy results in the reversal of fibrosis\/cirrhosis and continued histological improvement in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology 52:886\u2013893. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.23785","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"3486_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.021","volume":"67","author":"P Lampertico","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lampertico\u00a0P, Agarwal\u00a0K, Berg\u00a0T et\u00a0al (2017) EASL 2017 clinical practice guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection. J\u00a0Hepatol 67:370\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.021","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"3486_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2009.205","volume":"7","author":"H Wedemeyer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wedemeyer\u00a0H, Manns\u00a0MP (2010) Epidemiology, pathogenesis and management of hepatitis D: update and challenges ahead. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 7:31\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrgastro.2009.205","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"3486_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.04.008","volume":"73","author":"AJ Stockdale","year":"2020","unstructured":"Stockdale\u00a0AJ, Kreuels\u00a0B, Henrion\u00a0MYR et al (2020) The global prevalence of hepatitis D virus infection: systematic review and meta-analysis. J\u00a0Hepatol 73:523\u2013532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.04.008","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"3486_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.12.022","volume":"70","author":"C Yurdaydin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yurdaydin\u00a0C, Abbas\u00a0Z, Buti\u00a0M et\u00a0al (2019) Treating chronic hepatitis delta: the need for surrogate markers of treatment efficacy. J\u00a0Hepatol 70:1008\u20131015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.12.022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"3486_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323888","volume":"70","author":"S Urban","year":"2021","unstructured":"Urban\u00a0S, Neumann-Haefelin\u00a0C, Lampertico\u00a0P (2021) Hepatitis D virus in 2021: virology, immunology and new treatment approaches for a\u00a0difficult-to-treat disease. Gut 70:1782\u20131794. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-323888","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"3486_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00049","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.00049","volume":"1","author":"H Yan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yan\u00a0H, Zhong\u00a0G, Xu\u00a0G et\u00a0al (2012) Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide is a\u00a0functional receptor for human hepatitis B and D virus. Elife 1:e49. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.00049","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"3486_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.12.024","volume":"146","author":"Y Ni","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ni\u00a0Y, Lempp\u00a0FA, Mehrle\u00a0S et al (2014) Hepatitis B and D viruses exploit sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide for species-specific entry into hepatocytes. Gastroenterology 146:1070\u20131083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.12.024","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"3486_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26125","volume":"57","author":"C Sureau","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sureau\u00a0C, Salisse\u00a0J (2013) A conformational heparan sulfate binding site essential to infectivity overlaps with the conserved hepatitis B virus a\u2011determinant. Hepatology 57:985\u2013994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.26125","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"3486_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21896","volume":"46","author":"A Schulze","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schulze\u00a0A, Gripon\u00a0P, Urban\u00a0S (2007) Hepatitis B virus infection initiates with a\u00a0large surface protein-dependent binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Hepatology 46:1759\u20131768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.21896","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"3486_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.04.030","volume":"147","author":"S Urban","year":"2014","unstructured":"Urban\u00a0S, Bartenschlager\u00a0R, Kubitz\u00a0R, Zoulim\u00a0F (2014) Strategies to inhibit entry of HBV and HDV into hepatocytes. Gastroenterology 147:48\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.04.030","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"3486_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.79.3.1613-1622.2005","volume":"79","author":"P Gripon","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gripon\u00a0P, Cannie\u00a0I, Urban\u00a0S (2005) Efficient inhibition of hepatitis B virus infection by acylated peptides derived from the large viral surface protein. J\u00a0Virol 79:1613\u20131622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.79.3.1613-1622.2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"3486_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21112","volume":"43","author":"M Engelke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Engelke\u00a0M, Mills\u00a0K, Seitz\u00a0S et\u00a0al (2006) Characterization of a\u00a0hepatitis B and hepatitis delta virus receptor binding site. Hepatology 43:750\u2013760. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.21112","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"3486_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.03.090","volume":"129","author":"D Glebe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Glebe\u00a0D, Urban\u00a0S, Knoop\u00a0EV et al (2005) Mapping of the hepatitis B virus attachment site by use of infection-inhibiting preS1 lipopeptides and tupaia hepatocytes. Gastroenterology 129:234\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.03.090","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"3486_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01902-09","volume":"84","author":"A Schulze","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schulze\u00a0A, Schieck\u00a0A, Ni\u00a0Y, Mier\u00a0W, Urban\u00a0S (2010) Fine mapping of pre\u2011S sequence requirements for hepatitis B virus large envelope protein-mediated receptor interaction. J\u00a0Virol 84:1989. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/JVI.01902-09","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"3486_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.04.013","volume":"65","author":"A Blank","year":"2016","unstructured":"Blank\u00a0A, Markert\u00a0C, Hohmann\u00a0N et al (2016) First-in-human application of the novel hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus entry inhibitor myrcludex B. J\u00a0Hepatol 65:483\u2013489. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.04.013","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"3486_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.06.005","volume":"126","author":"GA Kullak-Ublick","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kullak-Ublick\u00a0GA, Stieger\u00a0B, Meier\u00a0PJ (2004) Enterohepatic bile salt transporters in normal physiology and liver disease. Gastroenterology 126:322\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2003.06.005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"3486_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26211","volume":"58","author":"A Schieck","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schieck\u00a0A, Schulze\u00a0A, G\u00e4hler\u00a0C et\u00a0al (2013) Hepatitis B virus hepatotropism is mediated by specific receptor recognition in the liver and not restricted to susceptible hosts. Hepatology 58:43\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.26211","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"3486_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26181","volume":"58","author":"A Meier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meier\u00a0A, Mehrle\u00a0S, Weiss\u00a0TS, Mier\u00a0W, Urban\u00a0S (2013) Myristoylated PreS1-domain of the hepatitis B virus L\u2011protein mediates specific binding to differentiated hepatocytes. Hepatology 58:31\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.26181","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"3486_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.05.018","volume":"61","author":"A K\u00f6nig","year":"2014","unstructured":"K\u00f6nig\u00a0A, D\u00f6ring\u00a0B, Mohr\u00a0C, Geipel\u00a0A, Geyer\u00a0J, Glebe\u00a0D (2014) Kinetics of the bile acid transporter and hepatitis B virus receptor Na+\/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) in hepatocytes. J\u00a0Hepatol 61:867\u2013875. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.05.018","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"3486_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15307","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-15338-0","volume":"7","author":"JM Donkers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Donkers\u00a0JM, Zehnder\u00a0B, van Westen\u00a0GJP et\u00a0al (2017) Reduced hepatitis B and D viral entry using clinically applied drugs as novel inhibitors of the bile acid transporter NTCP. Sci Rep 7:15307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-017-15338-0","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"3486_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2012.07.004","volume":"34","author":"T Claro da Silva","year":"2013","unstructured":"Claro da Silva\u00a0T, Polli\u00a0JE, Swaan\u00a0PW (2013) The solute carrier family 10 (SLC10): beyond bile acid transport. Mol Aspects Med 34:252\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mam.2012.07.004","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med"},{"key":"3486_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20111234","volume":"441","author":"IT Bijsmans","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bijsmans\u00a0IT, Bouwmeester\u00a0RA, Geyer\u00a0J, Faber\u00a0KN, van de Graaf\u00a0SF (2012) Homo- and hetero-dimeric architecture of the human liver Na+-dependent taurocholate co-transporting protein. Biochem\u00a0J 441:1007\u20131015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/bj20111234","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"3486_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.744","volume":"103","author":"A Blank","year":"2018","unstructured":"Blank\u00a0A, Eidam\u00a0A, Haag\u00a0M et al (2018) The NTCP-inhibitor myrcludex B: effects on bile acid disposition and tenofovir pharmacokinetics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 103:341\u2013348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cpt.744","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"3486_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27159","volume":"60","author":"N Oehler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Oehler\u00a0N, Volz\u00a0T, Bhadra\u00a0OD et\u00a0al (2014) Binding of hepatitis B virus to its cellular receptor alters the expression profile of genes of bile acid metabolism. Hepatology 60:1483\u20131493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.27159","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"3486_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/s41426-018-0189-8","volume":"7","author":"K Zhao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhao\u00a0K, Liu\u00a0S, Chen\u00a0Y et\u00a0al (2018) Upregulation of HBV transcription by sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide at the postentry\u00a0step is inhibited by the entry inhibitor myrcludex B. Emerg Microbes Infect 7:186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41426-018-0189-8","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"key":"3486_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.031","volume":"103","author":"P Uhl","year":"2016","unstructured":"Uhl\u00a0P, Helm\u00a0F, Hofhaus\u00a0G et\u00a0al (2016) A liposomal formulation for the oral application of the investigational hepatitis B drug myrcludex B. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 103:159\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejpb.2016.03.031","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Biopharm"},{"key":"3486_CR44","unstructured":"Hepatera (2016) A multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical study to assess efficacy and safety of 3 doses of myrcludex B for 24 weeks in combination with tenofovir compared to tenofovir alone to suppress HBV replication in patients with chronic hepatitis D. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT03546621. Zugegriffen: 26. Sept. 2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"3486_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(18)30224-1","volume":"68","author":"H Wedemeyer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wedemeyer\u00a0H, Bogomolov\u00a0P, Blank\u00a0A et al (2018) Final results of a\u00a0multicenter, open-label phase 2b clinical trial to assess safety and efficacy of myrcludex B in combination with tenofovir in patients with chronic HBV\/HDV co-infection. J\u00a0Hepatol 68(1):S3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0168-8278(18)30224-1","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"3486_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312162","volume":"67","author":"L Allweiss","year":"2018","unstructured":"Allweiss\u00a0L, Volz\u00a0T, Giersch\u00a0K et\u00a0al (2018) Proliferation of primary human hepatocytes and prevention of hepatitis B virus reinfection efficiently deplete nuclear cccDNA in vivo. Gut 67:542\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2016-312162","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"3486_CR47","unstructured":"Hepatera (2016) Myrcludex B in combination with peginterferon alfa-2a versus peginterferon alfa-2a alone in patients with chronic viral hepatitis B with delta-agent. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT02888106. Zugegriffen: 26. Sept. 2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"3486_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0618-8278(19)30141-0","volume":"70","author":"H Wedemeyer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wedemeyer\u00a0H, Schoneweis\u00a0K, Bogomolov\u00a0P, Voronkova\u00a0N, Chulanov\u00a0V, Stepanova\u00a0T (2019) Final results of a\u00a0multicenter, open-label phase 2 clinical trial (MYR203) to assess safety and efficacy of myrcludex B in combination with PEG-interferon Alpha 2a in patients with chronic HBV\/HDV co-infection. J\u00a0Hepatol 70(1):e81. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0618-8278(19)30141-0","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"3486_CR49","unstructured":"Gilead Sciences (2019) Phase 2b study of bulevirtide (with peginterferon alfa-2a) in patients with CHD. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT03852433. Zugegriffen: 26. Sept. 2021"},{"key":"3486_CR50","volume-title":"Bulevirtide monotherapy at low and high doses in patients with chronic hepatitis delta: 24-week interim data of the phase 3 MYR301\u00a0study","author":"H Wedemeyer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wedemeyer\u00a0H, Aleman\u00a0S, Andreone\u00a0P et al (2021) Bulevirtide monotherapy at low and high doses in patients with chronic hepatitis delta: 24-week interim data of the phase 3 MYR301\u00a0study. EASL International Liver Congress, 23\u201326 June 2021"},{"key":"3486_CR51","unstructured":"Gilead Sciences (2019) Phase 3 study of bulevirtide in patients with chronic hepatitis delta. https:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\/show\/NCT03852719. Zugegriffen: 26. Sept. 2021"},{"key":"3486_CR52","volume-title":"Safety and efficacy of bulevirtide monotherapy and in combination with peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis delta: 24 weeks interim data of MYR204 phase 2b study","author":"T Asselah","year":"2021","unstructured":"Asselah\u00a0T, Arama\u00a0SS, Bogomolov\u00a0P et al (2021) Safety and efficacy of bulevirtide monotherapy and in combination with peginterferon alfa-2a in patients with chronic hepatitis delta: 24 weeks interim data of MYR204 phase 2b study. EASL International Liver Congress, 23\u201326 June 2021"},{"key":"3486_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.10.012","author":"A Loglio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Loglio\u00a0A, Ferenci\u00a0P, Uceda Renteria\u00a0SC et al (2021) Safety and effectiveness of up to 3\u00a0years\u2019 bulevirtide monotherapy in patients with HDV-related cirrhosis. J\u00a0Hepatol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2021.10.012","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"3486_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.27240","volume":"61","author":"FM Vaz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vaz\u00a0FM, Paulusma\u00a0CC, Huidekoper\u00a0H et\u00a0al (2015) Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (SLC10A1) deficiency: conjugated hypercholanemia without a\u00a0clear clinical phenotype. Hepatology 61:260\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.27240","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"3486_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.11.032","volume":"74","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang\u00a0Z, Urban\u00a0S (2021) New insights into HDV persistence: the role of interferon response and implications for upcoming novel therapies. J\u00a0Hepatol 74:686\u2013699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.11.032","journal-title":"J Hepatol"}],"container-title":["Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00103-022-03486-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00103-022-03486-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00103-022-03486-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,3]],"date-time":"2022-02-03T07:08:49Z","timestamp":1643872129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00103-022-03486-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]}},"alternative-id":["3486"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00103-022-03486-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-9990","1437-1588"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-9990","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-1588","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 October 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien"}},{"value":"S.\u00a0Urban ist Eigent\u00fcmer und Miterfinder von Patenten zum Schutz von Hepcludex und im Beirat f\u00fcr: GILEAD SCIENCES, MYR, VIRBIO, ASSEMBLY, JANSSEN, ENYO, PEPPERPRINT, ALIGOS. S.\u00a0Nkongolo und J.\u00a0Hollnberger geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Interessenkonflikt"}},{"value":"F\u00fcr diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgef\u00fchrt. F\u00fcr die aufgef\u00fchrten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Interessenkonflikt"}}]}}