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Ihre Behandlungsbed\u00fcrftigkeit hat w\u00e4hrend der COVID-19-Pandemie vor allem im Kindes- und Jugendalter zugenommen. Der Artikel zeigt neue Forschungsergebnisse zur \u00c4tiologie der Erkrankung auf, insbesondere zur genetischen Disposition und zu metabolischen Ver\u00e4nderungen. Vor dem Hintergrund der steigenden Behandlungszahlen w\u00e4hrend der COVID-19-Pandemie wird die Bedeutung der Gen-Umwelt-Interaktion diskutiert. Der zweite Schwerpunkt des Artikels bezieht sich auf neue Behandlungsmethoden. Neben dem experimentellen Einsatz biologischer Interventionen werden auch neue psychotherapeutische Behandlungsstrategien vorgestellt. Im Vergleich zur fr\u00fcheren Behandlung der Anorexia nervosa wird der intensiven Einbeziehung der Eltern in die Therapie eine hohe Bedeutung beigemessen. Dies zeigt sich insbesondere durch die Entwicklung der Behandlung zu Hause (Home Treatment). 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