{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T05:52:28Z","timestamp":1757310748897,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719187200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017590","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Essen","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017590","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bundesgesundheitsbl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title><jats:p>Viele Grunderkrankungen gehen mit Symptomen einher, die die F\u00e4higkeit, komplexe Aufgaben des Alltags zu l\u00f6sen, beeintr\u00e4chtigen k\u00f6nnen. Hierzu geh\u00f6rt auch die aktive Teilnahme am Stra\u00dfenverkehr. Das Ziel von Arzneimitteltherapien ist es, sofern keine Heilung m\u00f6glich ist, die Symptome soweit zu lindern, dass der Patient im Alltag so wenig Einschr\u00e4nkungen wie m\u00f6glich erf\u00e4hrt. Jedoch haben etwa 20\u202f% der ca.\u00a0100.000 in Deutschland zugelassenen Arzneimittel verkehrsrelevante Nebenwirkungen, die die Fahrsicherheit ihrerseits ebenfalls beeintr\u00e4chtigen k\u00f6nnen.<\/jats:p><jats:p>So wird davon ausgegangen, dass an jedem 4. Verkehrsunfall die Wirkung eines Arzneimittels zumindest miturs\u00e4chlich ist und jeder 10. Verkehrstote Psychopharmaka vor Fahrtantritt eingenommen hat. Neben Alkohol und Drogen stehen insbesondere Medikamente aus der Gruppe der Benzodiazepine, Opioide und Antidepressiva im Verdacht, die Fahrsicherheit zu beeintr\u00e4chtigen. Die Effekte dieser Substanzen auf junge Menschen sind vielfach beschrieben. In dieser \u00dcbersichtsarbeit sollen speziell die verkehrsrelevanten (Neben\u2011)Wirkungen verschiedener Wirkstoffklassen auf betagte Personen ab 65\u00a0Jahren dargestellt werden.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Insbesondere \u00c4ltere m\u00fcssen h\u00e4ufig verschiedene Medikamente einnehmen, die aufgrund von Grunderkrankungen anders metabolisiert werden als bei J\u00fcngeren und dar\u00fcber hinaus interagieren k\u00f6nnen. Es kann festgestellt werden, dass (1)\u00a0\u00e4ltere Personen h\u00e4ufig sensibler auf Substanzen reagieren, (2)\u00a0nicht alle Vertreter einer Wirkstoffklasse den gleichen Effekt auf die Fahrsicherheit haben und (3)\u00a0eine pauschale Beurteilung nicht m\u00f6glich ist, sondern die Wirkungen von weiteren Faktoren, wie zum Beispiel Grunderkrankungen, Therapieregime und Einnahmezeit der Medikation, abh\u00e4ngen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-024-03913-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T15:01:42Z","timestamp":1719241302000},"page":"903-909","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Einschr\u00e4nkungen der Mobilit\u00e4t von \u00e4lteren Verkehrsteilnehmern durch Medikamente, Alkohol und Cannabis","Reduced mobility in the elderly due to medication, alcohol, and cannabinoids"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Theresa","family":"B\u00f6defeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benno","family":"Hartung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"3913_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/152.5.424","volume":"152","author":"G McGwin","year":"2000","unstructured":"McGwin\u00a0G, Sims\u00a0RV, Pulley\u00a0L, Roseman\u00a0JM (2000) Relations among Chronic Medical Conditions, Medications, and Automobile Crashes in the Elderly: A\u00a0population-based Case-Control Study. Am J Epidemiol 152(5):424\u2013431","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"3913_CR2","unstructured":"https:\/\/der-arzneimittelbrief.com\/artikel\/2009\/arzneimittel-und-fahrtuechtigkeit-im-strassenverkehr. Zugegriffen: 29. Jan. 2024"},{"key":"3913_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s00391-009-0038-4","volume":"42","author":"S Iwersen-Bergmann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Iwersen-Bergmann\u00a0S, Andresen\u00a0H, P\u00fcschel\u00a0K, Heinemann\u00a0A, Renteln-Kruse\u00a0W (2009) \u00c4ltere Menschen und psychotrope Substanzen im Stra\u00dfenverkehr. Z\u00a0Gerontol Geriat 42:193\u2013204","journal-title":"Z Gerontol Geriat"},{"key":"3913_CR4","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.aerzteblatt.de\/archiv\/141831\/Merkblatt-der-Bundesaerztekammer-Einschraenkung-der-Verkehrstuechtigkeit-durch-Arzneimittel. Zugegriffen: 27. Jan. 2024"},{"key":"3913_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-020-00443-8","volume":"30","author":"G Skopp","year":"2020","unstructured":"Skopp\u00a0G, Graw\u00a0M, Mu\u00dfhoff\u00a0F (2020) Medikamente und Fahrsicherheit. Rechtsmedizin 30:471\u2013479","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"},{"key":"3913_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/136.7.873","volume":"136","author":"WA Ray","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ray\u00a0WA, Fought\u00a0RL, Decker\u00a0MD (1992) Psychoactive drugs and the risk of injurious motor vehicle crashes in elderly drivers. Am J Epidemiol 136:873\u2013883","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"3913_CR7","volume-title":"Arzneimittel-Kompass 2022","author":"C Telschow","year":"2022","unstructured":"Telschow\u00a0C, Schr\u00f6der\u00a0M, Bauckmann\u00a0J, Niepraschk-von Dollen\u00a0K, Zawinell\u00a0A (2022) Der Arzneimittelmarkt 2021 im \u00dcberblick. In: Schr\u00f6der\u00a0H, Th\u00fcrmann\u00a0P, Telschow\u00a0C, Schr\u00f6der\u00a0M, Busse\u00a0R (Hrsg) Arzneimittel-Kompass 2022. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg."},{"key":"3913_CR8","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.priscus2-0.de\/fileadmin\/media\/PRISCUS_2\/PRISCUS%202_Liste_Anhang_in_DE_nicht_verfuegbare.pdf. Zugegriffen: 10. Apr. 2024"},{"key":"3913_CR9","unstructured":"https:\/\/www.bast.de\/Druid\/EN\/Dissemination\/downloads_and_links\/Final_Report.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1. Zugegriffen: 2. Apr. 2024"},{"issue":"4","key":"3913_CR10","first-page":"265","volume":"59","author":"B Madea","year":"2022","unstructured":"Madea\u00a0B, Schellberg\u00a0KU, Kr\u00e4mer\u00a0M, Prangenberg\u00a0J, Doberentz\u00a0E (2022) Medikamente und Fahrsicherheit \u2013 eine retrospektive Untersuchung. Blutalkohol 59(4):265\u2013289","journal-title":"Blutalkohol"},{"key":"3913_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)04087-2","volume":"352","author":"F Barbone","year":"1998","unstructured":"Barbone\u00a0F, McMahon\u00a0AD, Davey\u00a0PG et\u00a0al (1998) Association of road-traffic accidents with benzodiazepine use. Lancet 352:1331\u20131336","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3913_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(94)00112-7","volume":"5","author":"CI Neutel","year":"1995","unstructured":"Neutel\u00a0CI (1995) Risk of traffic accident injury after a\u00a0prescription for a\u00a0benzodiazepine. Ann Epidemiol 5:239\u2013244","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"3913_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200418050-00003","volume":"18","author":"A Vermeeren","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vermeeren\u00a0A (2004) Residual effects of hypnotics: epidemiology and clinical implications. Cns Drugs 18:297\u2013328","journal-title":"Cns Drugs"},{"key":"3913_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leufkens TRM und Vermeeren A (2009) Highway driving in the elderly the morning after bedtime use of hypnotics: A\u00a0comparison between Temazepam 20\u202fmg, zopiclone 7,5\u202fmg and placebo. J\u00a0Clin Psychopharmacol Vol 29, No 5","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3181b57b43"},{"key":"3913_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-199911040-00003","volume":"11","author":"M Woodward","year":"1999","unstructured":"Woodward\u00a0M (1999) Hypnosedatives in the elderly. Cns Drugs 11:263\u2013279","journal-title":"Cns Drugs"},{"key":"3913_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt1977213355","volume":"21","author":"DJ Greenblatt","year":"1977","unstructured":"Greenblatt\u00a0DJ, Allen\u00a0MD, Shader\u00a0RI (1977) Toxicity of high-dose flurazepam in the elderly. Clin Pharmacol Ther 21:355\u2013361","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"3913_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550010041037","volume":"278","author":"B Hemmelgarn","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hemmelgarn\u00a0B, Suissa\u00a0S, Huang\u00a0A, Boivin\u00a0J\u2011F, Pinard\u00a0G (1997) Benzodiazepine use and the risk of motor vehicle crash in the elderly. JAMA 278:27\u201331","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3913_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199411000-00006","volume":"5","author":"SG Leveille","year":"1994","unstructured":"Leveille\u00a0SG, Buchner\u00a0DM, Koepsell\u00a0TD, McCloskey\u00a0LW, Wolf\u00a0ME, Wagner\u00a0EH (1994) Psychoactive Medications and Injurious Motor Vehicle Collisions Involving Older Drivers. Epidemiology 5:591\u2013598","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"3913_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1077(1998110)13:2+<S115::AID-HUP56>3.0.CO;2-O","volume":"13","author":"I Neutel","year":"1998","unstructured":"Neutel\u00a0I (1998) Benzodiazepine-Related Traffic Accidents in Young and Elderly Drivers. Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp 13:115\u2013123","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp"},{"key":"3913_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-4575(03)00084-8","volume":"36","author":"KLL Movig","year":"2004","unstructured":"Movig\u00a0KLL, Mathijssen\u00a0MPM, Nagel\u00a0PHA, van Egmondd\u00a0T, de Gier\u00a0JJ, Leufkens\u00a0HGM, Egberts\u00a0ACG (2004) Psychoactive substance use and the risk of motor vehicle accidents. Accid Anal Prev 36:631\u2013636","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"issue":"5","key":"3913_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1080\/15389580802161943","volume":"9","author":"S Dubois","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dubois\u00a0S, Bedard\u00a0M, Weaver\u00a0B (2008) The impact of benzodiazepines on safe driving. Traffic Inj Prev 9(5):404\u2013413","journal-title":"Traffic Inj Prev"},{"key":"3913_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-133X(02)00310-X","volume":"27","author":"JC Verster","year":"2002","unstructured":"Verster\u00a0JC, Volkerts\u00a0ER, Verbaten\u00a0MN (2002) Effects of alprazolam on driving ability, memory functioning and psychomotor performance: a\u00a0randomized, placebo-controlled study. Neuropsychopharmacol 27:260\u2013269","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3913_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2007.02.002","volume":"39","author":"JG Bramness","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bramness\u00a0JG, Skurtveit\u00a0S, Morland\u00a0J, Engeland\u00a0A (2007) The risk of traffic accidents after prescriptions of carisoprodol. Accid Anal Prev 39(5):1050\u20131055","journal-title":"Accid Anal Prev"},{"issue":"8","key":"3913_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2007.03.009","volume":"17","author":"A Engeland","year":"2007","unstructured":"Engeland\u00a0A, Skurtveit\u00a0S, Morland\u00a0J (2007) Risk of Road Traffic Accidents Associated With the Prescription of Drugs: A\u00a0Registry-Based Cohort Study. Ann Epidemiol 17(8):597\u2013602","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"3913_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2007.11.011","volume":"9","author":"I Gustavsen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gustavsen\u00a0I, Bramness\u00a0JG, Skurtveit\u00a0S, Engeland\u00a0A, Neutel\u00a0I, Morland\u00a0J (2008) Road traffic accident risk related to prescriptions of the hypnotics zopiclone, zolpidem, flunitrazepam and nitrazepam. Sleep Med 9(8):818\u2013822","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"3913_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199502000-00006","volume":"15","author":"MW Van Laar","year":"1992","unstructured":"Van Laar\u00a0MW, Volkerts\u00a0ER, Van Willigenburg\u00a0APP (1992) Therapeutic effects and effects on actual driving performance in chronically administered buspirone and diazepam in anxious outpatients. J\u00a0Clin Psychopharmacol 15:30\u201340","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"3913_CR27","unstructured":"L\u00fcllmann H, Mohr K, Hein L Taschenatlas Pharmakologie. Thieme Verlag, 5.\u00a0Auflage"},{"key":"3913_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1007\/s001010050761","volume":"48","author":"B Larsen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Larsen\u00a0B, Otto\u00a0H, Dorscheid\u00a0E, Larsen\u00a0R (1999) Aufmerksamkeitsbelastung und Reaktionszeiten unter Opioiddauertherapie. Ein Vergleich mit chronischen Schmerzpatienten und mit Nichtschmerzpatienten. Anaesthesist 48:613\u2013624","journal-title":"Anaesthesist"},{"key":"3913_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1007\/s004820050091","volume":"11","author":"M Strumpf","year":"1997","unstructured":"Strumpf\u00a0M, K\u00f6hler\u00a0A, Zenz\u00a0M, Willweber-Strumpf\u00a0A, Dertwinkel\u00a0R, Donner\u00a0B (1997) Opioide und Fahrt\u00fcchtigkeit. Schmerz 11:233\u2013240","journal-title":"Schmerz"},{"key":"3913_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.01.015","volume":"93","author":"EL Bulmash","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bulmash\u00a0EL, Moller\u00a0HJ, Kayumov\u00a0L, Shen\u00a0J, Wang\u00a0X, Shapiro\u00a0CM (2006) Psychomotor disturbance in depression: assessment using a\u00a0driving simulator paradigm. J\u00a0Affect Disord 93:213\u2013218","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3913_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2008.12.001","volume":"176","author":"BT Baune","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baune\u00a0BT, Miller\u00a0R, McAfoose\u00a0J, Johnson\u00a0M, Quirk\u00a0F, Mitchell\u00a0D (2010) The role of cognitive impairment in general functioning in major depression. Psychiatry Res 176:183\u2013189","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"3913_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n1205","volume":"69","author":"A Brunnauer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brunnauer\u00a0A, Laux\u00a0G, David\u00a0I, Fric\u00a0M, Hermisson\u00a0I, Moller\u00a0HJ (2008) The impact of reboxetine and mirtazapine on driving simulator performance and psychomotor function in depressed patients. J\u00a0Clin Psychiatry 69:1880\u20131886","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"3913_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n0709","volume":"69","author":"JG Bramness","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bramness\u00a0JG, Skurtveit\u00a0S, Neutel\u00a0CI (2008) Minor increase in risk of road traffic accidents after prescriptions of antidepressants: a\u00a0study of population registry data in Norway. J\u00a0Clin Psychiatry 69(7):1099\u20131103","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"3913_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-977X(94)00130-4","volume":"5","author":"HW Robbe","year":"1995","unstructured":"Robbe\u00a0HW, O\u2019Hanlon\u00a0JF (1995) Acute and subchronic effects of paroxetine 20 and 40\u202fmg on actual driving, psychomotor performance and subjective assessments in healthy volunteers. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 5:35\u201342","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"3913_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1097\/00004850-199300840-00025","volume":"8","author":"JS Kerr","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kerr\u00a0JS, Fairweather\u00a0DB, Hindmarch\u00a0I (1993) Effects of fluoxetine on psychomotor performance, cognitive function and sleep in depressed patients. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 8:341\u2013343","journal-title":"Int Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"3913_CR36","first-page":"511","volume-title":"Injury Control: A\u00a0guide to the causes and prevention of trauma","author":"JA Waller","year":"1985","unstructured":"Waller\u00a0JA (1985) Injury Control: A\u00a0guide to the causes and prevention of trauma. Lexington Books, Lexington, MA, S\u00a0511"},{"key":"3913_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1938.02790380018006","volume":"111","author":"RL Holcomb","year":"1938","unstructured":"Holcomb\u00a0RL (1938) Alcohol in relation to traffic accidents. JAMA 111:1076","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3913_CR38","unstructured":"Borkenstein RF, Crowther RF, Shumate RP, Ziel WB, Zylman R (1974, first published 1964) The role of the drinking driver in traffic accidents (The Grand Rapids Study). Blutalkohol 11 (Suppl 1): 1\u2013131"},{"key":"3913_CR39","volume-title":"Basiswissen Rechtsmedizin","author":"B Madea","year":"2007","unstructured":"Madea\u00a0B, Dettmeyer\u00a0R (2007) Basiswissen Rechtsmedizin. Springer"},{"key":"3913_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.52233","author":"P Di Ciano","year":"2024","unstructured":"Di Ciano\u00a0P, Rajji\u00a0TK, Hong\u00a0L et\u00a0al (2024) Cannabis and Driving in Older Adults. Jama Netw Open. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.52233","journal-title":"Jama Netw Open"}],"container-title":["Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00103-024-03913-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00103-024-03913-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00103-024-03913-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T21:06:01Z","timestamp":1722027961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00103-024-03913-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]}},"alternative-id":["3913"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00103-024-03913-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-9990","1437-1588"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1436-9990"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1437-1588"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 June 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien"}},{"value":"T.\u00a0B\u00f6defeld und B.\u00a0Hartung geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Interessenkonflikt"}},{"value":"F\u00fcr diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autor\/-innen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgef\u00fchrt. F\u00fcr die aufgef\u00fchrten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Interessenkonflikt"}}]}}