{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T10:29:05Z","timestamp":1789468145795,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/deed.de"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/deed.de"}],"funder":[{"name":"Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Bundesgesundheitsbl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Der Beitrag befasst sich mit der Frage, wie die F\u00e4higkeit zur freiverantwortlichen Entscheidung beim assistierten Suizid begutachtet und beurteilt werden kann. Ausgehend von medizinethischen und rechtlichen Grundlagen sowie internationalen Vergleichen wird dargelegt, dass die Entscheidung zum Suizid besondere Anforderungen an Autonomie, Willensbildung und innere Festigkeit stellt. Der Begriff der \u201eFreiverantwortlichkeit\u201c wird in Abgrenzung zu Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00e4higkeit und Einwilligungsf\u00e4higkeit analysiert und seine N\u00e4he zu diesen Konzepten eingeordnet.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Vorgeschlagen wird eine Operationalisierung, die Verst\u00e4ndnis, autonome Wertung, nachhaltige Entscheidung und F\u00e4higkeit zum selbstt\u00e4tigen Handeln einschlie\u00dft. Zudem werden praktische Herausforderungen f\u00fcr die Begutachtung diskutiert, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Rolle von Psychiater:innen, der Trennung von Funktionen und der Sicherstellung ergebnisoffener Verfahren.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Der Artikel pl\u00e4diert f\u00fcr eine enge Definition der Freiverantwortlichkeit und eine standardisierte Begutachtungspraxis in Anlehnung an g\u00e4ngige und erprobte Begutachtungskonzepte der forensischen Psychiatrie, um sowohl den Schutz vulnerabler Personen als auch das Grundrecht auf Selbstbestimmung zu gew\u00e4hrleisten.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-026-04197-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T11:57:01Z","timestamp":1770724621000},"page":"334-339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assistierter Suizid: Begutachtung und Beurteilung der F\u00e4higkeit zur freiverantwortlichen Entscheidung","Assisted suicide: assessment and evaluation of the ability to make a\u00a0freely responsible decision"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Norbert","family":"Nedopil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Brieger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"4197_CR1","unstructured":"Bundesverfassungsgericht 2. Senat (2020) Bundesverfassungsgericht - Entscheidungen - Verbot der gesch\u00e4ftsm\u00e4\u00dfigen F\u00f6rderung der Selbstt\u00f6tung verfassungswidrig. https:\/\/www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de\/SharedDocs\/Entscheidungen\/DE\/2020\/02\/rs20200226_2bvr234715.html"},{"key":"4197_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5771\/9783748934974-53","volume-title":"Assistierter Suizid und Freiverantwortlichkeit","author":"N Nedopil","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nedopil\u00a0N (2022) Assistierter Suizid, Beurteilung der F\u00e4higkeit zur freiverantwortlichen Entscheidung. In: Boppert\u00a0M (ed) Assistierter Suizid und Freiverantwortlichkeit. Nomos, Baden-Baden, pp\u00a053\u201366"},{"key":"4197_CR3","first-page":"2695","volume":"73","author":"C Cording","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cording\u00a0C, Sa\u00df\u00a0H (2020) Die Freiverantwortlichkeit der Entscheidung f\u00fcr einen assistierten Suizid. Neue Jur Wochenschr 73:2695\u20132697","journal-title":"Neue Jur Wochenschr"},{"key":"4197_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-022-01386-z","volume":"93","author":"H Sa\u00df","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sa\u00df\u00a0H, Cording\u00a0C (2022) Zur Freiverantwortlichkeit der Entscheidung f\u00fcr einen assistierten Suizid. Nervenarzt 93:1150\u20131155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00115-022-01386-z","journal-title":"Der Nervenarzt"},{"key":"4197_CR5","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Streben nach Gerechtigkeit - Festschrift f\u00fcr G\u00fcnter Tondorf zum 70. Geburtstag","author":"N Nedopil","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nedopil\u00a0N (2004) Zum Rollenverst\u00e4ndnis des forensischen Psychiaters zwischen Psychiatrie und Justiz. In: Kammeier\u00a0H, Michalke\u00a0R (eds) Streben nach Gerechtigkeit - Festschrift f\u00fcr G\u00fcnter Tondorf zum 70. Geburtstag. Lit Verlag, M\u00fcnster, pp\u00a047\u201360"},{"key":"4197_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1943-278X.1978.tb00587.x","volume":"8","author":"RH Seiden","year":"1978","unstructured":"Seiden\u00a0RH (1978) Where are they now? A follow-up study of suicide attempters from the Golden Gate Bridge. Suicide Life Threat Behav 8:203\u2013216","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threat Behav"},{"key":"4197_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-021-03464-0","volume":"65","author":"P Brieger","year":"2022","unstructured":"Brieger\u00a0P, Menzel\u00a0S, Hamann\u00a0J (2022) Wird die Rolle von psychischen Erkrankungen beim Suizid \u00fcberbewertet? Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 65:25\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00103-021-03464-0","journal-title":"Bundesgesundheitsbl"},{"key":"4197_CR8","unstructured":"Deutscher Ethikrat (2022) Suizid \u2013 Verantwortung, Pr\u00e4vention und Freiverantwortlichkeit. Berlin"},{"key":"4197_CR9","volume-title":"Principles of biomedical ethics","author":"TL Beauchamp","year":"2019","unstructured":"Beauchamp\u00a0TL, Childress\u00a0JF (2019) Principles of biomedical ethics, 8\u00a0edn. Oxford Univ. Press, New York u.a","edition":"8"},{"key":"4197_CR10","volume-title":"Neuregelung des assistierten Suizids: Ein Beitrag zur Debatte","author":"K Domschke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Domschke\u00a0K, Dreier\u00a0H, Hallek\u00a0M et\u00a0al (2021) Neuregelung des assistierten Suizids: Ein Beitrag zur Debatte. Leopoldina - Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften"},{"key":"4197_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-979228","volume":"32","author":"NAJ Nedopil","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nedopil\u00a0NAJ, Amelung\u00a0K, Eich\u00a0FX, Fritze\u00a0J, Gastpar\u00a0M, Maier\u00a0W, M\u00f6ller\u00a0HJ (1999) Einwilligungsf\u00e4higkeit bei klinischen Pr\u00fcfungen \u2014 Stellungnahme der Arbeitsgruppe \u201eEthische und Rechtliche Fragen\u201c der Arbeitsgemeinschaft f\u00fcr Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP). Pharmacopsychiatry 32:165\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-979228","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"4197_CR12","unstructured":"BGH (2022) BGH, 28.6.2022 - 6\u00a0StR 68\/21 - Abgrenzung von T\u00f6tung auf Verlangen und Suizidbeihilfe"},{"key":"4197_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctv24tr9w1","volume-title":"Becoming human : a theory of ontogeny","author":"M Tomasello","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tomasello\u00a0M (2019) Becoming human : a theory of ontogeny. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts ; London, England"},{"key":"4197_CR14","volume-title":"Forensische Psychiatrie. Klinik, Begutachtung und Behandlung zwischen Psychiatrie und Recht","author":"N Nedopil","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nedopil\u00a0N, M\u00fcller\u00a0JL (2017) Forensische Psychiatrie. Klinik, Begutachtung und Behandlung zwischen Psychiatrie und Recht, 5. \u00dcberarbeitete Auflage\u00a0edn. Thieme, Stuttgart New York","edition":"5. \u00dcberarbeitet"},{"key":"4197_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1515\/zstw.1992.104.3.525","volume":"104","author":"K Amelung","year":"1992","unstructured":"Amelung\u00a0K (1992) \u00dcber die Einwilligungsf\u00e4higkeit (Teil\u00a0I). Zeitschrift f\u00fcr die gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft 104:525\u2013558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/zstw.1992.104.3.525","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr die gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft"},{"key":"4197_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1515\/zstw.1992.104.4.821","volume":"104","author":"K Amelung","year":"1992","unstructured":"Amelung\u00a0K (1992) \u00dcber die Einwilligungsf\u00e4higkeit (Teil\u00a0II). Zeitschrift f\u00fcr die gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft 104:821\u2013833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/zstw.1992.104.4.821","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr die gesamte Strafrechtswissenschaft"},{"key":"4197_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.708","volume":"24","author":"ER Saks","year":"2006","unstructured":"Saks\u00a0ER, Jeste\u00a0DV (2006) Capacity to consent to or refuse treatment and\/or research: theoretical considerations. Behav Sci Law 24:411\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bsl.708","journal-title":"Behav Sci Law"},{"key":"4197_CR18","first-page":"345","volume":"48","author":"JW Berg","year":"1996","unstructured":"Berg\u00a0JW, Appelbaum\u00a0PS, Grisso\u00a0T (1996) Constructing competence: formulating standards of legal competence to make medical decisions. Rutgers Law Rev 48:345\u2013371","journal-title":"Rutgers Law Rev"},{"key":"4197_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2025.10041","volume":"68","author":"L Kupsch","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kupsch\u00a0L, Gather\u00a0J, Vollmann\u00a0J et\u00a0al (2025) Assessment of decisional capacity A systematic review and analysis of instruments regarding their applicability to requests for assisted suicide. Eur Psychiatry 68:e91. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/j.eurpsy.2025.10041","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"4197_CR20","unstructured":"Jox\u00a0RJ Entscheidungen bei einwilligungsunf\u00e4higen Patienten. In: Marckmann\u00a0G (ed) Praxisbuch Ethik in der Medizin. Medizinisch-Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft, Berlin, pp\u00a0125\u2013132"},{"key":"4197_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-23-472","volume":"13","author":"G Marckmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Marckmann\u00a0G, Pollm\u00e4cher\u00a0T (2024) Assisted suicide in persons with mental disorders: a\u00a0review of clinical-ethical arguments and recommendations. Ann Palliat Med 13:708\u2013718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/apm-23-472","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"key":"4197_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-023-00668-3","volume":"34","author":"S Gleich","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gleich\u00a0S, Peschel\u00a0O, Graw\u00a0M, Sch\u00e4ffer\u00a0B (2024) Assistierte Suizide in M\u00fcnchen \u2013 eine erste kritische Analyse. Rechtsmedizin 34:24\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00194-023-00668-3","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"},{"key":"4197_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-023-00669-2","volume":"34","author":"S Gleich","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gleich\u00a0S, Peschel\u00a0O, Graw\u00a0M, Sch\u00e4ffer\u00a0B (2024) Assistierte Suizide in M\u00fcnchen \u2013 Rolle der Sterbehilfeorganisationen und der beteiligten \u00c4rzte. Rechtsmedizin 34:31\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00194-023-00669-2","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"},{"key":"4197_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00194-024-00715-7","volume":"34","author":"B Sch\u00e4ffer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sch\u00e4ffer\u00a0B, Peschel\u00a0O, Graw\u00a0M, Gleich\u00a0S (2024) Assistierte Suizide in M\u00fcnchen \u2013 eine Analyse vorliegender Gutachten. Rechtsmedizin 34:395\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00194-024-00715-7","journal-title":"Rechtsmedizin"}],"container-title":["Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00103-026-04197-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00103-026-04197-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00103-026-04197-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T22:02:51Z","timestamp":1772575371000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00103-026-04197-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["4197"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00103-026-04197-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-9990","1437-1588"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-9990","type":"print"},{"value":"1437-1588","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien"}},{"value":"N.\u00a0Nedopil und P.\u00a0Brieger geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Interessenkonflikt"}},{"value":"F\u00fcr diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgef\u00fchrt. F\u00fcr die aufgef\u00fchrten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Interessenkonflikt"}}]}}