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W\u00e4hrend ph\u00e4notypische Methoden wie Bouillondilution, Agardiffusion, Gradientendiffusion sowie automatisierte Systeme weiterhin den diagnostischen Standard darstellen, sind sie durch lange Turnaround-Zeiten limitiert. Beschleunigte ph\u00e4notypische AST-Verfahren (RAST) verk\u00fcrzen die Zeit bis zu ersten Ergebnissen auf 4\u20138\u202fh und erm\u00f6glichen eine fr\u00fchere Optimierung antiinfektiver Therapien, wenngleich ihr klinischer Nutzen bislang nicht abschlie\u00dfend belegt und ihr Einsatz auf validierte Erreger und Substanzen begrenzt ist.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Parallel erlauben molekulare Methoden wie PCR, isothermale Amplifikation und zunehmend auch Gesamtgenomsequenzierung den schnellen Nachweis zentraler Resistenzdeterminanten (zum Beispiel\n                    <jats:italic>mecA\/C, vanA\/B<\/jats:italic>\n                    , Extended-spectrum-Beta-Laktamasen (ESBL), Carbapenemasegene) und unterst\u00fctzen so insbesondere die Aufarbeitung positiver Blutkulturen sowie \u00dcberwachungsuntersuchungen. Ihre Aussagekraft ist bei grampositiven Erregern hoch, bei gramnegativen jedoch durch die Vielfalt resistenzvermittelnder Mechanismen limitiert. K\u00fcnstliche Intelligenz (KI) bietet zus\u00e4tzliche Potenziale in der automatisierten Interpretation ph\u00e4notypischer Tests, in der Analyse komplexer Genomdaten und in massenspektrometrischen Modellen zur Resistenzvorhersage, steht aber vor Herausforderungen hinsichtlich Standardisierung, Generalisierbarkeit und Datenqualit\u00e4t.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Insgesamt erg\u00e4nzen neue RAST-, molekulare und KI-gest\u00fctzte Ans\u00e4tze die klassischen Methoden sinnvoll, ersetzen sie jedoch nicht. Ihr klinischer Nutzen entfaltet sich nur bei gezieltem Einsatz und Einbettung in funktionierende Antibiotic- und Diagnostic-Stewardship-Strukturen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-026-04220-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T09:27:29Z","timestamp":1773998849000},"page":"537-545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrierte Diagnostik antimikrobieller Resistenzen: Quantitative, qualitative und KI-gest\u00fctzte Ans\u00e4tze","Advances in integrated antimicrobial resistance diagnostics: quantitative, qualitative and AI-driven approaches"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Berinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Moritz","family":"Hentschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Rohde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"4220_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5099","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00565-10","volume":"54","author":"D Marchaim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marchaim\u00a0D, Gottesman\u00a0T, Schwartz\u00a0O et\u00a0al (2010) National multicenter study of predictors and outcomes of bacteremia upon hospital admission caused by Enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. 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