{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T03:10:04Z","timestamp":1783480204215,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,1]],"date-time":"2015-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1422748800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chirurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00104-014-2917-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,11]],"date-time":"2015-02-11T11:06:13Z","timestamp":1423652773000},"page":"187-204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pilon-Frakturen","Pilon fractures"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"Krettek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2917_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00104-014-2895-7","volume":"86","author":"Krettek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krettek C, Bachmann S (2015) Pilon-Frakturen. Teil 1: Diagnostik \u2013 Versorgungsstrategie \u2013 Zug\u00e4nge. Chirurg 86:87-103","journal-title":"Chirurg"},{"key":"2917_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mast J, Jakob R, Ganz R (1989) Planning and reduction technique in fracture surgery. Springer-Verlag, New York","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-61306-7"},{"key":"2917_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198805000-00008","volume":"230","author":"Mast","year":"1988","unstructured":"Mast JW, Spiegel PG, Pappas JN (1988) Fractures of the tibial pilon. Clin Orthop Relat Res 230:68\u201382","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2917_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller ME, Allg\u00f6wer M, Schneider R, Willenegger H (1991) Manual of internal fixation. Springer, Heidelberg","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-02695-3"},{"key":"2917_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krettek C, Aschemann D (2005) Lagerungstechniken im Operationsbereich. Springer, Berlin","DOI":"10.1007\/b137458"},{"key":"2917_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(98)95006-9","volume":"29","author":"Krettek","year":"1998","unstructured":"Krettek C, Miclau T, Gr\u00fcn O et al (1998) Intraoperative control of axes, rotation and length in femoral and tibial fractures. Technical Note. Injury 29(Suppl 3):C29\u2013C39","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2917_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31822fbdbe","volume":"26","author":"Liporace","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liporace FA, Yoon RS (2012) Decisions and staging leading to definitive open management of pilon fractures: where have we come from and where are we now? J Orthop Trauma 26(8):488\u2013498","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2917_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181cf00f3","volume":"25","author":"Mehta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mehta S, Gardner MJ, Barei DP et al (2011) Reduction strategies through the anterolateral exposure for fixation of type B and C pilon fractures. J Orthop Trauma 25(2):116\u2013122","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2917_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(73)80089-0","volume":"5","author":"R\u00fcedi","year":"1973","unstructured":"R\u00fcedi T (1973) Fractures of the lower end of the tibia into the ankle joint: results 9 years after open reduction and internal fixation. Injury 5(2):130\u2013134","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2917_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tile M (1987) Fractures of the distal tibial metaphysis involving the ankle joint: the pilon fracture. In: Schatzker J, Tile M (Hrsg) The rationale of operative fracture care. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, S\u00a0343\u2013369","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-02483-6_18"},{"key":"2917_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198307000-00008","volume":"23","author":"Bourne","year":"1983","unstructured":"Bourne RB, Rorabeck CH, Macnab J (1983) Intra-articular fractures of the distal tibia: the pilon fracture. J Trauma 23(7):591\u2013596","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2917_CR12","first-page":"556","volume":"35","author":"R\u00fcedi","year":"1968","unstructured":"R\u00fcedi T, Matter P, Allgower M (1968) Intra-articular fractures of the distal tibial end. Helv Chir Acta 35(5):556\u2013582","journal-title":"Helv Chir Acta"},{"key":"2917_CR13","first-page":"319","volume":"81","author":"R\u00fcedi","year":"1978","unstructured":"R\u00fcedi T, Allgower M (1978) Late results after operative treatment of fractures of the distal tibia (pilon tibial fractures) (author\u201cs transl). Unfallheilkunde 81(4):319\u2013323","journal-title":"Unfallheilkunde"},{"key":"2917_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199611000-00003","volume":"78","author":"Wyrsch","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wyrsch B, McFerran MA, McAndrew M et al (1996) Operative treatment of fractures of the tibial plafond. A randomized, prospective study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 78(11):1646\u20131657","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2917_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198510000-00009","volume":"199","author":"Weber","year":"1985","unstructured":"Weber BG, Simpson LA (1985) Corrective lengthening osteotomy of the fibula. Clin Orthop Relat Res 199:61\u201367","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2917_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199911000-00011","volume":"13","author":"Borrelli","year":"1999","unstructured":"Borrelli J Jr, Catalano L (1999) Open reduction and internal fixation of pilon fractures. J Orthop Trauma 13(8):573\u2013582","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2917_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-008-0654-4","volume":"33","author":"Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee YS, Chen SW, Chen SH et al (2009) Stabilisation of the fractured fibula plays an important role in the treatment of pilon fractures: a retrospective comparison of fibular fixation methods. Int Orthop 33(3):695\u2013699","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"2917_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318145a227","volume":"21","author":"Grose","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grose A, Gardner MJ, Hettrich C et al (2007) Open reduction and internal fixation of tibial pilon fractures using a lateral approach. J Orthop Trauma 21(8):530\u2013537","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2917_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318225881a","volume":"26","author":"Ketz","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ketz J, Sanders R (2012) Staged posterior tibial plating for the treatment of Orthopaedic Trauma Association 43C2 and 43C3 tibial pilon fractures. J Orthop Trauma 26(6):341\u2013347","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2917_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01678","volume":"92","author":"Boraiah","year":"2010","unstructured":"Boraiah S, Kemp TJ, Erwteman A et al (2010) Outcome following open reduction and internal fixation of open pilon fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 92(2):346\u2013352","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2917_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0955","volume":"32","author":"Davidovitch","year":"2011","unstructured":"Davidovitch RI, Elkhechen RJ, Romo S et al (2011) Open reduction with internal fixation versus limited internal fixation and external fixation for high grade pilon fractures (OTA type 43C). Foot Ankle Int 32(10):955\u2013961","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"2917_CR22","first-page":"53","volume":"61","author":"Liporace","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liporace FA, Mehta S, Rhorer AS et al (2012) Staged treatment and associated complications of pilon fractures. Instr Course Lect 61:53\u201370","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"key":"2917_CR23","first-page":"105","volume":"138","author":"R\u00fcedi","year":"1979","unstructured":"R\u00fcedi TP, Allgower M (1979) The operative treatment of intra-articular fractures of the lower end of the tibia. Clin Orthop Relat Res 138:105\u2013110","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2917_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199701000-00031","volume":"334","author":"Kim","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kim HS, Jahng JS, Kim SS et al (1997) Treatment of tibial pilon fractures using ring fixators and arthroscopy. Clin Orthop Relat Res 334:244\u2013250","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2917_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E45","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2003.50165","volume":"19","author":"Kralinger","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kralinger F, Lutz M, Wambacher M et al (2003) Arthroscopically assisted reconstruction and percutaneous screw fixation of a Pilon tibial fracture. Arthroscopy 19(5):E45","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"2917_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-008-0629-5","volume":"33","author":"Leonard","year":"2009","unstructured":"Leonard M, Magill P, Khayyat G (2009) Minimally-invasive treatment of high velocity intra-articular fractures of the distal tibia. Int Orthop 33(4):1149\u20131153","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"2917_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2011.10.034","volume":"51","author":"Poyanli","year":"2012","unstructured":"Poyanli O, Esenkaya I, Ozkut AT et al (2012) Minimally invasive reduction technique in split depression type tibial pilon fractures. J Foot Ankle Surg 51(2):254\u2013257","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"2917_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muller TS, Sommer C (2012) Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of the distal tibia. Oper Orthop Traumatol 24(4\u20135):354\u2013367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00064-012-0169-4"},{"key":"2917_CR29","first-page":"Repositions","volume":"2","author":"Krettek","year":"2015","unstructured":"Krettek C, Bachmann S (2015) Pilon-Frakturen. Teil 2: Repositions- und Stabilisierungstechnik, Komplikationsmanagement. Chirurg (im Druck)","journal-title":"Teil"},{"key":"2917_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199902000-00004","volume":"13","author":"Anglen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Anglen JO (1999) Early outcome of hybrid external fixation for fracture of the distal tibia. J Orthop Trauma 13(2):92\u201397","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2917_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pollak AN, McCarthy ML, Bess RS et al (2003) Outcomes after treatment of high-energy tibial plafond fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 85-A(10):1893\u20131900","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200310000-00005"},{"key":"2917_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.00776","volume":"89","author":"Webb","year":"2007","unstructured":"Webb LX, Bosse MJ, Castillo RC et al (2007) Analysis of surgeon-controlled variables in the treatment of limb-threatening type-III open tibial diaphyseal fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 89(5):923\u2013928","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2917_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00113-004-0742-x","volume":"107","author":"Endres","year":"2004","unstructured":"Endres T, Grass R, Biewener A et al (2004) Advantages of minimally-invasive reposition, retention, and Ilizarov-(hybrid)fixation for pilon-tibial-fractures fractures with particular emphasis on C2\/C3 fractures. Unfallchirurg 107(4):273\u2013284","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"2917_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31825cf521","volume":"27","author":"Katsenis","year":"2013","unstructured":"Katsenis D, Triantafillis V, Chatzicristos M, Dendrinos G (2013) The reconstruction of tibial metaphyseal comminution using hybrid frames in severe tibial plafond fractures. J Orthop Trauma 27(3):153\u2013157","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2917_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199307000-00012","volume":"292","author":"Bone","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bone L, Stegemann P, McNamara K, Seibel R (1993) External fixation of severely comminuted and open tibial pilon fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res 292:101\u2013117","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2917_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.90B1.19858","volume":"90","author":"Papadokostakis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Papadokostakis G, Kontakis G, Giannoudis P, Hadjipavlou A (2008) External fixation devices in the treatment of fractures of the tibial plafond. A systematic review of the literature. J Bone Joint Surg 90(1):1\u20136","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg"},{"key":"2917_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bartlett CS III, Putnam RM, Endres NK (2009) Fractures of the tibial pilon. Skeletal Trauma 4th ed. Chapter 59","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-2220-6.10059-3"},{"key":"2917_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-003-0486-1","volume":"27","author":"Conroy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Conroy J, Agarwal M, Giannoudis PV, Matthews SJ (2003) Early internal fixation and soft tissue cover of severe open tibial pilon fractures. Int Orthop 27(6):343\u2013347","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"2917_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658040-00004","volume":"58","author":"Gustilo","year":"1976","unstructured":"Gustilo RB, Anderson JT (1976) Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty-five open fractures of long bones: retrospective and prospective analyses. J Bone Joint Surg Am 58(4):453\u2013458","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2917_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.00545","volume":"96","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jenkinson RJ, Kiss A, Johnson S et al (2014) Delayed wound closure increases deep-infection rate associated with lower-grade open fractures: a propensity-matched cohort study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 96(5):380\u2013386","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2917_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000204959.18136.36","volume":"117","author":"Parrett","year":"2006","unstructured":"Parrett BM, Matros E, Pribaz JJ, Orgill DP (2006) Lower extremity trauma: trends in the management of soft-tissue reconstruction of open tibia-fibula fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg 117(4):1315\u20131322 (discussion 23\u201324)","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"2917_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199902000-00002","volume":"13","author":"Sirkin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sirkin M, Sanders R, DiPasquale T, Herscovici D Jr (1999) A staged protocol for soft tissue management in the treatment of complex pilon fractures. J Orthop Trauma 13(2):78\u201384","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2917_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200006000-00010","volume":"375","author":"Watson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Watson JT, Moed BR, Karges DE, Cramer KE (2000) Pilon fractures. Treatment protocol based on severity of soft tissue injury. Clin Orthop Relat Res 375:78\u201390","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2917_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31823fb06b","volume":"72","author":"Wood","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wood T, Sameem M, Avram R et al (2012) A systematic review of early versus delayed wound closure in patients with open fractures requiring flap coverage. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 72(4):1078\u20131085","journal-title":"J Trauma Acute Care Surg"},{"key":"2917_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200305000-00008","volume":"11","author":"Zalavras","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zalavras CG, Patzakis MJ (2003) Open fractures: evaluation and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 11(3):212\u2013219","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"2917_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20100826-16","volume":"33","author":"Cannada","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cannada LK (2010) The no-touch approach for operative treatment of pilon fractures to minimize soft tissue complications. Orthopedics 33(10):734\u2013738","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"2917_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318176b8d9","volume":"22","author":"Gardner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gardner MJ, Mehta S, Barei DP, Nork SE (2008) Treatment protocol for open AO\/OTA type C3 pilon fractures with segmental bone loss. J Orthop Trauma 22(7):451\u2013457","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2917_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.00547","volume":"92","author":"Lenarz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lenarz CJ, Watson JT, Moed BR et al (2010) Timing of wound closure in open fractures based on cultures obtained after debridement. J Bone Joint Surg Am 92(10):1921\u20131926","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2917_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B6.18356","volume":"89","author":"Strauss","year":"2007","unstructured":"Strauss EJ, Frank JB, Walsh M et al (2007) Does obesity influence the outcome after the operative treatment of ankle fractures? J Bone Joint Surg Br 89(6):794\u2013798","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2917_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graves ML, Porter SE, Fagan BC et al (2010) Is obesity protective against wound healing complications in pilon surgery? Soft tissue envelope and pilon fractures in the obese. Orthopedics 33(8). DOI 10.3928\/01477447-20100625-27","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20100625-27"},{"key":"2917_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00820","volume":"94","author":"Kerkhoffs","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kerkhoffs GM, Servien E, Dunn W et al (2012) The influence of obesity on the complication rate and outcome of total knee arthroplasty: a meta-analysis and systematic literature review. J Bone Joint Surg Am 94(20):1839\u20131844","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2917_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2009.1042","volume":"30","author":"Kline","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kline AJ, Gruen GS, Pape HC et al (2009) Early complications following the operative treatment of pilon fractures with and without diabetes. Foot Ankle Int 30(11):1042\u20131047","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"2917_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2007.0006","volume":"28","author":"Costigan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Costigan W, Thordarson DB, Debnath UK (2007) Operative management of ankle fractures in patients with diabetes mellitus. Foot Ankle Int 28(1):32\u201337","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"2917_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.01672","volume":"95","author":"Ovaska","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ovaska MT, Makinen TJ, Madanat R et al (2013) Risk factors for deep surgical site infection following operative treatment of ankle fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 95(4):348\u2013353","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2917_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2012.09.006","volume":"25","author":"Abdelmalak","year":"2013","unstructured":"Abdelmalak BB, Lansang MC (2013) Revisiting tight glycemic control in perioperative and critically ill patients: when one size may not fit all. J Clin Anesth 25(6):499\u2013507","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"key":"2917_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198309000-00008","volume":"178","author":"Cierny","year":"1983","unstructured":"Cierny G III, Byrd HS, Jones RE (1983) Primary versus delayed soft tissue coverage for severe open tibial fractures. A comparison of results. Clin Orthop Relat Res 178:54\u201363","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2917_CR57","first-page":"709","volume":"20","author":"Cierny","year":"1989","unstructured":"Cierny G III, Cook WG, Mader JT (1989) Ankle arthrodesis in the presence of ongoing sepsis. Indications, methods, and results. Orthop Clin North Am 20(4):709\u2013721","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"2917_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079301400701","volume":"14","author":"Stasikelis","year":"1993","unstructured":"Stasikelis PJ, Calhoun JH, Ledbetter BR et al (1993) Treatment of infected pilon nonunions with small pin fixators. Foot Ankle 14(7):373\u2013379","journal-title":"Foot Ankle"},{"key":"2917_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199805000-00014","volume":"12","author":"Bartlett","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bartlett CS, DiFelice GS, Buly RL et al (1998) Cardiac arrest as a result of intraabdominal extravasation of fluid during arthroscopic removal of a loose body from the hip joint of a patient with an acetabular fracture. J Orthop Trauma 12(4):294\u2013299","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2917_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.08.041","volume":"41","author":"Calori","year":"2010","unstructured":"Calori GM, Tagliabue L, Mazza E et al (2010) Tibial pilon fractures: which method of treatment? Injury 41(11):1183\u20131190","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2917_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(00)00156-X","volume":"32","author":"Hulscher","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hulscher JB, Velde EA te, Schuurman AH et al (2001) Arthrodesis after osteosynthesis and infection of the ankle joint. Injury 32(2):145\u2013152","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"2917_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079501600710","volume":"16","author":"Moore","year":"1995","unstructured":"Moore TJ, Prince R, Pochatko D et al (1995) Retrograde intramedullary nailing for ankle arthrodesis. Foot Ankle Int 16(7):433\u2013436","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"2917_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079902000606","volume":"20","author":"Morgan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Morgan SJ, Thordarson DB, Shepherd LE (1999) Salvage of tibial pilon fractures using fusion of the ankle with a 90 degrees cannulated blade-plate: a preliminary report. Foot Ankle Int 20(6):375\u2013378","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"2917_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-198802040-00003","volume":"2","author":"Stiehl","year":"1988","unstructured":"Stiehl JB, Dollinger B (1988) Primary ankle arthrodesis in trauma: report of three cases. J Orthop Trauma 2(4):277\u2013283","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2917_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200103000-00002","volume":"15","author":"Blauth","year":"2001","unstructured":"Blauth M, Bastian L, Krettek C et al (2001) Surgical options for the treatment of severe tibial pilon fractures: a study of three techniques. J Orthop Trauma 15(3):153\u2013160","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2917_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199902000-00003","volume":"13","author":"Patterson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Patterson MJ, Cole JD (1999) Two-staged delayed open reduction and internal fixation of severe pilon fractures. J Orthop Trauma 13(2):85\u201391","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2917_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199206000-00012","volume":"6","author":"Sanders","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sanders R, Pappas J, Mast J, Helfet D (1992) The salvage of open grade IIIB ankle and talus fractures. J Orthop Trauma 6(2):201\u2013208","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2917_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079701800305","volume":"18","author":"Marsh","year":"1997","unstructured":"Marsh JL, Rattay RE, Dulaney T (1997) Results of ankle arthrodesis for treatment of supramalleolar nonunion and ankle arthrosis. Foot Ankle Int 18(3):138\u2013143","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"2917_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200600001-00044","volume":"14","author":"MacKenzie","year":"2006","unstructured":"MacKenzie EJ, Bosse MJ (2006) Factors influencing outcome following limb-threatening lower limb trauma: lessons learned from the Lower Extremity Assessment Project (LEAP). J Am Acad Orthop Surg 14(10):205\u2013210","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"2917_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-010-1005-9","volume":"35","author":"McCann","year":"2011","unstructured":"McCann PA, Jackson M, Mitchell ST, Atkins RM (2011) Complications of definitive open reduction and internal fixation of pilon fractures of the distal tibia. Int Orthop 35(3):413\u2013418","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"2917_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181d04bc0","volume":"24","author":"White","year":"2010","unstructured":"White TO, Guy P, Cooke CJ et al (2010) The results of early primary open reduction and internal fixation for treatment of OTA 43.C-type tibial pilon fractures: a cohort study. J Orthop Trauma 24(12):757\u2013763","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2917_CR72","unstructured":"Heim U (1995) The pilon tibial fracture: classification, surgical techniques, results. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia"},{"key":"2917_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199307000-00041","volume":"292","author":"Leone","year":"1993","unstructured":"Leone VJ, Ruland RT, Meinhard BP (1993) The management of the soft tissues in pilon fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res 292:315\u2013320","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2917_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199206000-00011","volume":"6","author":"McFerran","year":"1992","unstructured":"McFerran MA, Smith SW, Boulas HJ, Schwartz HS (1992) Complications encountered in the treatment of pilon fractures. J Orthop Trauma 6(2):195\u2013200","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2917_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199911000-00022","volume":"47","author":"Pugh","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pugh KJ, Wolinsky PR, McAndrew MP, Johnson KD (1999) Tibial pilon fractures: a comparison of treatment methods. J Trauma 47(5):937\u2013941","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"2917_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199209000-00015","volume":"6","author":"Trumble","year":"1992","unstructured":"Trumble TE, Benirschke SK, Vedder NB (1992) Use of radial forearm flaps to treat complications of closed pilon fractures. J Orthop Trauma 6(3):358\u2013365","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2917_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870020-00012","volume":"70","author":"Ovadia","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ovadia DN, Chess JL (1988) Intraoperative and postoperative subtrochanteric fracture of the femur associated with removal of the Zickel nail. J Bone Joint Surg Am 70(2):239\u2013243","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2917_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199307000-00013","volume":"292","author":"Teeny","year":"1993","unstructured":"Teeny SM, Wiss DA (1993) Open reduction and internal fixation of tibial plafond fractures. Variables contributing to poor results and complications. Clin Orthop Relat Res 292:108\u2013117","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2917_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.00285","volume":"93","author":"Flynn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Flynn JM, Bashyal RK, Yeger-McKeever M et al (2011) Acute traumatic compartment syndrome of the leg in children: diagnosis and outcome. J Bone Joint Surg Am 93(10):937\u2013941","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2917_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-009-0880-4","volume":"34","author":"Gupta","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gupta RK, Rohilla RK, Sangwan K et al (2010) Locking plate fixation in distal metaphyseal tibial fractures: series of 79 patients. Int Orthop 34(8):1285\u20131290","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"2917_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3180ca83c7","volume":"21","author":"Collinge","year":"2007","unstructured":"Collinge C, Kuper M, Larson K, Protzman R (2007) Minimally invasive plating of high-energy metaphyseal distal tibia fractures. J Orthop Trauma 21(6):355\u2013361","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2917_CR82","first-page":"99","volume":"1997","author":"Babis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Babis GC, Vayanos ED, Papaioannou N, Pantazopoulos T (1997) Results of surgical treatment of tibial plafond fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1997(341):99\u2013105","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2917_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marsh JL, Weigel DP, Dirschl DR (2003) Tibial plafond fractures. How do these ankles function over time? J Bone Joint Surg Am 85-A(2):287\u2013295","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200302000-00016"},{"key":"2917_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marsh JL, Buckwalter J, Gelberman R et al (2002) Articular fractures: does an anatomic reduction really change the result? J Bone Joint Surg Am 84-A(7):1259\u20131271","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200207000-00025"},{"key":"2917_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01777","volume":"93","author":"Tochigi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tochigi Y, Buckwalter JA, Martin JA et al (2011) Distribution and progression of chondrocyte damage in a whole-organ model of human ankle intra-articular fracture. J Bone Joint Surg Am 93(6):533\u2013539","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2917_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.47B4.634","volume":"47","author":"Burwell","year":"1965","unstructured":"Burwell HN, Charnley AD (1965) The treatment of displaced fractures at the ankle by rigid internal fixation and early joint movement. J Bone Joint Surg Br 47(4):634\u2013660","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2917_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070502600816","volume":"26","author":"DeCoster","year":"2005","unstructured":"DeCoster TA (2005) The nomenclature for intra-articular vertical impact fractures of the tibial plafond: pilon versus pylon. Foot Ankle Int 26(8):667 (author reply -8)","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"2917_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668040-00010","volume":"68","author":"Ovadia","year":"1986","unstructured":"Ovadia DN, Beals RK (1986) Fractures of the tibial plafond. J Bone Joint Surg Am 68(4):543\u2013551","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2917_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19991101-09","volume":"22","author":"Raikin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Raikin S, Froimson MI (1999) Combined limited internal fixation with circular frame external fixation of intra-articular tibial fractures. Orthopedics 22(11):1019\u20131025","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"2917_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199312000-00001","volume":"7","author":"Tornetta","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tornetta P III, Weiner L, Bergman M et al (1993) Pilon fractures: treatment with combined internal and external fixation. J Orthop Trauma 7(6):489\u2013496","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"2917_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-012-1716-1","volume":"37","author":"Jansen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jansen H, Fenwick A, Doht S et al (2013) Clinical outcome and changes in gait pattern after pilon fractures. Int Orthop 37(1):51\u201358","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"2917_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2009.07.017","volume":"49","author":"Volgas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Volgas D, DeVries JG, Stannard JP (2010) Short-term financial outcomes of pilon fractures. J Foot Ankle Surg 49(1):47\u201351","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"}],"container-title":["Der Chirurg"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00104-014-2917-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00104-014-2917-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00104-014-2917-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,29]],"date-time":"2022-04-29T08:32:30Z","timestamp":1651221150000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00104-014-2917-5"}},"subtitle":["Teil 2: Repositions- und Stabilisierungstechnik, Komplikationsmanagement","Part 2: Repositioning and stabilization technique and complication management"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2917"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00104-014-2917-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-4722","1433-0385"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-4722","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-0385","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}}}