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Only the development of continuous IONM (cIONM) has allowed for non-stop analysis of excitation amplitude and latency during surgical procedures, which is nowadays integrated into the software of almost all commercially available neuromonitoring devices. The objective of cIONM is real-time monitoring of nerve status in order to recognize and prevent impending nerve injury and predict postoperative nerve function. Despite some drawbacks such as false-positive\/negative alarms, technical artefacts, and rare adverse effects, cIONM remains a\u00a0good instrument which is still under development. Active (acIONM) and passive (pcIONM) methods of cIONM are described in literature. The main fields of cIONM implementation are currently thyroid surgery (in which the vagal nerve is continuously stimulated) and surgery to the cerebellopontine angle (in which the facial nerve is either continuously stimulated or the discharge signal of the nerve is analyzed via pcIONM). In the latter surgery, continuous monitoring of the cochlear nerve is also established.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-020-00824-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]],"date-time":"2020-03-26T16:03:51Z","timestamp":1585238631000},"page":"86-92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring (cIONM) in head and neck surgery\u2014a\u00a0review","Kontinuierliches intraoperatives Neuromonitoring (cIONM) in der Kopf-Hals-Chirurgie \u2013 eine \u00dcbersicht"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0105-1489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"P.","family":"Stankovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Wittlinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Georgiew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Dominas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Hoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1317-5224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Wilhelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"824_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-010-0937-6","volume":"153","author":"M Amano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Amano\u00a0M, Kohno\u00a0M, Nagata\u00a0O et\u00a0al (2011) Intraoperative continuous monitoring of evoked facial nerve electromyograms in acoustic neuroma surgery. 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All studies performed were in accordance with the ethical standards indicated in each case.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The supplement containing this article is not sponsored by industry.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}