{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T03:21:41Z","timestamp":1740108101734,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640217600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007653","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Jena","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["HNO"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The prevalence of long-term olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in participants suffering from sudden chemosensory loss due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unknown. Furthermore, evaluations of the reliability of participants\u2019 self-reporting of olfactory function (SOF) and gustatory function (SGF) using extended objective psychophysical testing are missing.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this population-based cohort study in a\u00a0PCR-tested community in Thuringia, Germany, olfactory function was extensively examined 4\u00a0months after a\u00a0COVID-19 outbreak using the \u201cSniffin Sticks\u201d test battery to determine the TDI<jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub> score, i.e., the sum of results obtained for threshold, discrimination, and identification scores averaged for both nasal sides. Gustatory function was assessed using the three-drop test resulting in the gustatory composite score (CS<jats:sub>g<\/jats:sub>). The data were compared with SOF and SGF.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of 43\u00a0adult convalescents (median age: 68\u00a0years; 58% female) after SARS-CoV\u20112 infection, 18\u00a0participants (42%) had olfactory complaints due to SOF, one participant (2%) complained of taste disturbance due to SGF. The TDI<jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub> was 22.0\u202f\u00b1\u20095.9. Normosmia, hyposmia, and anosmia were seen in 17, 18, and eight\u00a0participants, respectively. TDI<jats:sub>a<\/jats:sub> correlated with SOF (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\u202f=\u2009\u22120.434, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u20090.004); CS<jats:sub>g<\/jats:sub> was 23.5\u202f\u00b1\u20092.7. Normogeusia and hypogeusia were objectified in 39 and four\u00a0participants, respectively. The prevalence of long-term olfactory dysfunction and gustatory dysfunction in the study group was 60.5 and 9.3%, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The SOF was reliable, especially for participants who felt a\u00a0sudden chemosensory dysfunction during the outbreak. At 4\u00a0months after SARS-CoV\u20112 infection, a\u00a0high proportion of participants were dysosmic, whereas nearly all of them had normal taste function.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-021-01129-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T15:10:56Z","timestamp":1640272256000},"page":"224-231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["High prevalence of long-term olfactory dysfunction confirmed by olfactory testing after a\u00a0community COVID-19 outbreak","Hohe Pr\u00e4valenz langfristiger olfaktorischer Dysfunktion nach COVID-19-Ausbruch in einer Dorfgemeinde"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Hilmar","family":"Gudziol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timo","family":"Kirschstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathias W.","family":"Pletz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Weis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9671-0784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Orlando","family":"Guntinas-Lichius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bitter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the CoNAN study group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hotz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Enders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renate","family":"Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steffen","family":"Mai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Ullrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cora","family":"Richert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cornelius","family":"Eibner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Meinung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kay","family":"St\u00f6tzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"K\u00f6hler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Cipowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Pinkwart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Dickmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annika","family":"Licht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliane","family":"Scholz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wibke","family":"Wetzker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Hartung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Thieme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabi","family":"Hanf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Schnizer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jasmin","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Kosenkow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franziska","family":"R\u00f6stel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nico","family":"Andreas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raphaela","family":"Marquardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Deinhardt-Emmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"1129_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.26606","volume":"128","author":"A Cavazzana","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cavazzana\u00a0A, Larsson\u00a0M, Munch\u00a0M, Hahner\u00a0A, Hummel\u00a0T (2018) Postinfectious olfactory loss: a retrospective study on 791\u00a0participants. Laryngoscope 128(1):10\u201315","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"8","key":"1129_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05965-1","volume":"277","author":"JR Lechien","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lechien\u00a0JR, Chiesa-Estomba\u00a0CM, De Siati\u00a0DR et al (2020) Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions as a\u00a0clinical presentation of mild-to-moderate forms of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a\u00a0multicenter European study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 277(8):2251\u20132261","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1129_CR3","first-page":"430","volume":"58","author":"D Borsetto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Borsetto\u00a0D, Hopkins\u00a0C, Philips\u00a0V et al (2020) Self-reported alteration of sense of smell or taste in participants with COVID-19: a\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis on 3563\u00a0participants. Rhinology 58(5):430\u2013436","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"7","key":"1129_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-0916-2","volume":"26","author":"C Menni","year":"2020","unstructured":"Menni\u00a0C, Valdes\u00a0AM, Freidin\u00a0MB et al (2020) Real-time tracking of self-reported symptoms to predict potential COVID-19. Nat Med 26(7):1037\u20131040","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1129_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2020.05.002","volume":"86","author":"L Joffily","year":"2020","unstructured":"Joffily\u00a0L, Ungierowicz\u00a0A, David\u00a0AG et al (2020) The close relationship between sudden loss of smell and COVID-19. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol 86(5):632\u2013638","journal-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1129_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s12078-019-09263-x","volume":"13","author":"G Besser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Besser\u00a0G, Liu\u00a0DT, Renner\u00a0B, Mueller\u00a0CA (2020) Self-administered testing of odor threshold and discrimination using sniffin\u2019 sticks\u2014reviving the \u201codor-curves-on-paper\u201d method. Chemosens Percept 13(1):71\u201377","journal-title":"Chemosens Percept"},{"issue":"1","key":"1129_CR7","first-page":"2","volume":"41","author":"C Mueller","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mueller\u00a0C, Kallert\u00a0S, Renner\u00a0B et\u00a0al (2003) Quantitative assessment of gustatory function in a\u00a0clinical context using impregnated \u201ctaste strips\u201d. Rhinology 41(1):2\u20136","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"1129_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s00106-004-1117-x","volume":"52","author":"G Forster","year":"2004","unstructured":"Forster\u00a0G, Damm\u00a0M, Gudziol\u00a0H et\u00a0al (2004) Olfactory dysfunction. Epidemiology, pathophsiological classification, diagnosis and therapy. HNO 52(8):679\u2013684","journal-title":"HNO"},{"issue":"5","key":"1129_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03210709","volume":"45","author":"RL Doty","year":"1989","unstructured":"Doty\u00a0RL, Frye\u00a0RE, Agrawal\u00a0U (1989) Internal consistency reliability of the fractionated and whole University of Pennsylvania smell identification test. Percept Psychophys 45(5):381\u2013384","journal-title":"Percept Psychophys"},{"issue":"6","key":"1129_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/bjz029","volume":"44","author":"J L\u00f6tsch","year":"2019","unstructured":"L\u00f6tsch\u00a0J, Hummel\u00a0T (2019) Clinical usefulness of self-rated olfactory performance\u2014a data science-based assessment of 6000 participants. Chem Senses 44(6):357\u2013364","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"issue":"3","key":"1129_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.11.009","volume":"27","author":"S Weis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Weis\u00a0S, Scherag\u00a0A, Baier\u00a0M et al (2021) Antibody response using six different serological assays in a completely PCR-tested community after a COVID-19 outbreak\u2014the CoNAN study. Clin Microbiol 27(3):470.e1\u2013470.e9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2020.11.009","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1129_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-006-0173-0","volume":"264","author":"T Hummel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hummel\u00a0T, Kobal\u00a0G, Gudziol\u00a0H, Mackay-Sim\u00a0A (2007) Normative data for the \u201cSniffin\u2019 Sticks\u201d including tests of odor identification, odor discrimination, and olfactory thresholds: an upgrade based on a\u00a0group of more than 3,000 subjects. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 264(3):237\u2013243","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1129_CR13","first-page":"222","volume":"34","author":"G Kobal","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kobal\u00a0G, Hummel\u00a0T, Sekinger\u00a0B, Barz\u00a0S, Roscher\u00a0S, Wolf\u00a0S (1996) \u201cSniffin\u2019 sticks\u201d: screening of olfactory performance. Rhinology 34(4):222\u2013226","journal-title":"Rhinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1129_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/chemse\/22.1.39","volume":"22","author":"T Hummel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hummel\u00a0T, Sekinger\u00a0B, Wolf\u00a0SR, Pauli\u00a0E, Kobal\u00a0G (1997) \u2018Sniffin\u2019 sticks\u2019: olfactory performance assessed by the combined testing of odor identification, odor discrimination and olfactory threshold. Chem Senses 22(1):39\u201352","journal-title":"Chem Senses"},{"issue":"3","key":"1129_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-018-5248-1","volume":"276","author":"A Oleszkiewicz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oleszkiewicz\u00a0A, Schriever\u00a0VA, Croy\u00a0I, Hahner\u00a0A, Hummel\u00a0T (2019) Updated Sniffin\u2019 Sticks normative data based on an extended sample of 9139 subjects. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 276(3):719\u2013728","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1129_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1080\/00016480600951491","volume":"127","author":"H Gudziol","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gudziol\u00a0H, Hummel\u00a0T (2007) Normative values for the assessment of gustatory function using liquid tastants. Acta Otolaryngol 127(6):658\u2013661","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1129_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820926473","volume":"163","author":"JY Tong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tong\u00a0JY, Wong\u00a0A, Zhu\u00a0D, Fastenberg\u00a0JH, Tham\u00a0T (2020) The prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in COVID-19 participants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 163(1):3\u201311","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"1129_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acr019","volume":"26","author":"E Wehling","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wehling\u00a0E, Nordin\u00a0S, Espeseth\u00a0T, Reinvang\u00a0I, Lundervold\u00a0AJ (2011) Unawareness of olfactory dysfunction and its association with cognitive functioning in middle aged and old adults. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 26(3):260\u2013269","journal-title":"Arch Clin Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1129_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1097\/MLG.0b013e318161e53a","volume":"118","author":"A Soter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Soter\u00a0A, Kim\u00a0J, Jackman\u00a0A, Tourbier\u00a0I, Kaul\u00a0A, Doty\u00a0RL (2008) Accuracy of self-report in detecting taste dysfunction. Laryngoscope 118(4):611\u2013617","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"19","key":"1129_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2944","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.0c00460","volume":"11","author":"CS von Bartheld","year":"2020","unstructured":"von Bartheld\u00a0CS, Hagen\u00a0MM, Butowt\u00a0R (2020) Prevalence of chemosensory dysfunction in COVID-19 participants: a systematic review and meta-analysis reveals significant ethnic differences. ACS Chem Neurosci 11(19):2944\u20132961","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"1129_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.22680","author":"ST Moein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Moein\u00a0ST, Hashemian\u00a0SM, Tabarsi\u00a0P, Doty\u00a0RL (2020) Prevalence and reversibility of smell dysfunction measured psychophysically in a\u00a0cohort of COVID-19 participants. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alr.22680","journal-title":"Int Forum Allergy Rhinol."},{"issue":"8","key":"1129_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215120001826","volume":"134","author":"LA Vaira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vaira\u00a0LA, Hopkins\u00a0C, Petrocelli\u00a0M et al (2020) Smell and taste recovery in coronavirus disease 2019 participants: a\u00a060-day objective and prospective study. J\u00a0Laryngol Otol 134(8):703\u2013709","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1129_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2021.103065","volume":"42","author":"A Biadsee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Biadsee\u00a0A, Dagan\u00a0O, Ormianer\u00a0Z, Kassem\u00a0F, Masarwa\u00a0S, Biadsee\u00a0A (2021) Eight-month follow-up of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions in recovered COVID-19 patients. Am J Otolaryngol 42(4):103065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjoto.2021.103065","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"1129_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M21-0878","author":"M Nehme","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nehme\u00a0M, Braillard\u00a0O, Chappuis\u00a0F, Courvoisier\u00a0DS, Guessous\u00a0I (2021) Prevalence of symptoms more than seven months after diagnosis of symptomatic COVID-19 in an outpatient setting. Ann Intern Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/M21-0878","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1129_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2115352","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.15352","volume":"4","author":"M Renaud","year":"2021","unstructured":"Renaud\u00a0M, Thibault\u00a0C, Le Normand\u00a0F, Mcdonald\u00a0EG, Gallix\u00a0B, Debry\u00a0C, Venkatasamy\u00a0A (2021) Clinical outcomes for patients with anosmia 1 year after COVID-19 diagnosis. JAMA Netw Open 4(6):e2115352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.15352","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"1129_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjoto.2021.103168","volume":"42","author":"JR Lechien","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lechien\u00a0JR, Saussez\u00a0S, Maniaci\u00a0A, Vaira\u00a0LA (2021) The study of recovery rates of COVID-19 olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions requires psychophysical evaluations. Am J Otolaryngol 42(6):103168","journal-title":"Am J Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1129_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/s40136-016-0120-6","volume":"4","author":"J Yang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yang\u00a0J, Pinto\u00a0JM (2016) The epidemiology of olfactory disorders. Curr Otorhinolaryngol Rep 4(2):130\u2013141","journal-title":"Curr Otorhinolaryngol Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"1129_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.21387","volume":"121","author":"C Neuland","year":"2011","unstructured":"Neuland\u00a0C, Bitter\u00a0T, Marschner\u00a0H, Gudziol\u00a0H, Guntinas-Lichius\u00a0O (2011) Health-related and specific olfaction-related quality of life in participants with chronic functional anosmia or severe hyposmia. Laryngoscope 121(4):867\u2013872","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"1129_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12070-020-02182-4","author":"LA Vaira","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vaira\u00a0LA, Lechien\u00a0JR, Salzano\u00a0G et\u00a0al (2020) Gustatory dysfunction: a highly specific and smell-independent symptom of COVID-19. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.  https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12070-020-02182-4. Online ahead of print","journal-title":"Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"1129_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.26279","volume":"42","author":"JR Lechien","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lechien\u00a0JR, Cabaraux\u00a0P, Chiesa-Estomba\u00a0CM et al (2020) Objective olfactory evaluation of self-reported loss of smell in a\u00a0case series of 86 COVID-19 participants. Head Neck 42(7):1583\u20131590","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"issue":"11","key":"1129_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1262779","volume":"89","author":"H Marschner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marschner\u00a0H, Gudziol\u00a0H, Guntinas-Lichius\u00a0O (2020) Olfactory dysfunctions are substantially more frequent than they are complained. Laryngorhinootologie 89(11):654\u2013659","journal-title":"Laryngorhinootologie"},{"issue":"6","key":"1129_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1177\/194589240501900606","volume":"19","author":"A Welge-Luessen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Welge-Luessen\u00a0A, Hummel\u00a0T, Stojan\u00a0T, Wolfensberger\u00a0M (2005) What is the correlation between ratings and measures of olfactory function in participants with olfactory loss? Am J Rhinol 19(6):567\u2013571","journal-title":"Am J Rhinol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1129_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-019-05414-8","volume":"276","author":"A Oleszkiewicz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oleszkiewicz\u00a0A, Hummel\u00a0T (2019) Whose nose does not know? Demographical characterization of people unaware of anosmia. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 276(6):1849\u20131852","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"}],"container-title":["HNO"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00106-021-01129-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00106-021-01129-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00106-021-01129-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,23]],"date-time":"2022-02-23T18:05:49Z","timestamp":1645639549000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00106-021-01129-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1129"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00106-021-01129-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0017-6192","1433-0458"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0017-6192"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1433-0458"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 November 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"H.\u00a0Gudziol, T.\u00a0Kirschstein, M.W.\u00a0Pletz, S.\u00a0Weis, O.\u00a0Guntinas-Lichius and T.\u00a0Bitter declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human patients were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}