{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T11:42:20Z","timestamp":1791805340583,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/deed.de"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/deed.de"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Innere Medizin"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00108-025-01944-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T07:42:29Z","timestamp":1752219749000},"page":"818-827","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Nebenwirkungsmanagement bei CAR-T-Zellen","Management of side effects of CAR T cells"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Franziska","family":"Bach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judit","family":"Grans-Seibel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Garcia-Borrega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris","family":"B\u00f6ll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1944_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-023-00754-1","volume":"20","author":"KM Cappell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cappell\u00a0KM, Kochenderfer\u00a0JN (2023) Long-term outcomes following CAR T\u00a0cell therapy: what we know so far. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 20(6):359\u2013371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41571-023-00754-1","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1944_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1159\/000536201","volume":"47","author":"O Penack","year":"2024","unstructured":"Penack\u00a0O, Dreger\u00a0P, Ajib\u00a0S et\u00a0al (2024) Management of Patients Undergoing CAR-T\u00a0Cell Therapy in Germany. Oncol Res Treat 47(3):65\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000536201","journal-title":"Oncol Res Treat"},{"issue":"2","key":"1944_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e191","DOI":"10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000191","volume":"3","author":"J Garcia Borrega","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garcia Borrega\u00a0J, G\u00f6del\u00a0P, R\u00fcger\u00a0MA et\u00a0al (2019) In the Eye of the Storm: Immune-mediated Toxicities Associated With CAR-T\u00a0Cell Therapy. HemaSphere 3(2):e191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000191","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"issue":"7","key":"1944_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-024-00903-0","volume":"21","author":"JN Brudno","year":"2024","unstructured":"Brudno\u00a0JN, Kochenderfer\u00a0JN (2024) Current understanding and management of CAR T\u00a0cell-associated toxicities. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 21(7):501\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41571-024-00903-0","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"23","key":"1944_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2406526","volume":"391","author":"C Roddie","year":"2024","unstructured":"Roddie\u00a0C, Sandhu\u00a0KS, Tholouli\u00a0E et\u00a0al (2024) Obecabtagene Autoleucel in Adults with B\u2011Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. n Engl J Med 391(23):2219\u20132230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa2406526","journal-title":"n Engl J Med"},{"key":"1944_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396490","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2024.1396490","volume":"14","author":"CJ Ferreri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ferreri\u00a0CJ, Bhutani\u00a0M (2024) Mechanisms and management of CAR T toxicity. Front Oncol 14:1396490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fonc.2024.1396490","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1944_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0036-4","volume":"24","author":"M Norelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Norelli\u00a0M, Camisa\u00a0B, Barbiera\u00a0G et\u00a0al (2018) Monocyte-derived IL\u20111 and IL\u20116 are differentially required for cytokine-release syndrome and neurotoxicity due to CAR T\u00a0cells. Nat Med 24(6):739\u2013748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-018-0036-4","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1944_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.12.758","volume":"25","author":"DW Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee\u00a0DW, Santomasso\u00a0BD, Locke\u00a0FL et\u00a0al (2019) ASTCT Consensus Grading for Cytokine Release Syndrome and Neurologic Toxicity Associated with Immune Effector Cells. biol Blood Marrow Transplant 25(4):625\u2013638. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbmt.2018.12.758","journal-title":"biol Blood Marrow Transplant"},{"issue":"17","key":"1944_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3397","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003885","volume":"5","author":"M Pennisi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pennisi\u00a0M, Sanchez-Escamilla\u00a0M, Flynn\u00a0JR et\u00a0al (2021) Modified EASIX predicts severe cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity after chimeric antigen receptor T\u00a0cells. Blood Adv 5(17):3397\u20133406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/bloodadvances.2020003885","journal-title":"Blood Adv"},{"issue":"3","key":"1944_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17673","volume":"195","author":"MS Topp","year":"2021","unstructured":"Topp\u00a0MS, Van Meerten\u00a0T, Houot\u00a0R et\u00a0al (2021) Earlier corticosteroid use for adverse event management in patients receiving axicabtagene ciloleucel for large B\u2011cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol 195(3):388\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjh.17673","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1944_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02404-6","volume":"29","author":"JH Park","year":"2023","unstructured":"Park\u00a0JH, Nath\u00a0K, Devlin\u00a0SM et\u00a0al (2023) CD19 CAR T\u2011cell therapy and prophylactic anakinra in relapsed or refractory lymphoma: phase\u00a02\u00a0trial interim results. Nat Med 29(7):1710\u20131717. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-023-02404-6","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1944_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-024-01119-2","volume":"14","author":"A Khurana","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khurana\u00a0A, Rosenthal\u00a0AC, Mohty\u00a0R et\u00a0al (2024) Chimeric antigen receptor T\u2011cell therapy associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis syndrome: clinical presentation, outcomes, and management. blood Cancer\u00a0J 14(1):136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41408-024-01119-2","journal-title":"blood Cancer J"},{"issue":"7","key":"1944_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"438.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2023.03.006","volume":"29","author":"MR Hines","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hines\u00a0MR, Knight\u00a0TE, McNerney\u00a0KO et\u00a0al (2023) Immune Effector Cell-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis-Like Syndrome. transplant Cell Ther 29(7):438.e1\u2013438.e16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtct.2023.03.006","journal-title":"transplant Cell Ther"},{"key":"1944_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2025.03.011","author":"R Shouval","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shouval\u00a0R, Strouse\u00a0C, Kim\u00a0S et\u00a0al (2025) Cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity following CD19 CAR\u2011T in B\u2011cell lymphoma. transplant Cell Ther. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtct.2025.03.011","journal-title":"transplant Cell Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"1944_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e009174","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2024-009174","volume":"12","author":"A Fleischer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fleischer\u00a0A, Kurth\u00a0S, Duell\u00a0J et\u00a0al (2024) Neuropsychiatric manifestations following chimeric antigen receptor T\u00a0cell therapy for cancer: a\u00a0systematic review of clinical outcomes and management strategies. J\u00a0Immunother Cancer 12(12):e9174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jitc-2024-009174","journal-title":"J Immunother Cancer"},{"issue":"4","key":"1944_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e203","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00715-0","volume":"26","author":"CE Graham","year":"2025","unstructured":"Graham\u00a0CE, Velasco\u00a0R, Alarcon\u00a0TA et\u00a0al (2025) Non-ICANS neurological complications after CAR T\u2011cell therapies: recommendations from the EBMT Practice Harmonisation and Guidelines Committee. lancet Oncol 26(4):e203\u2013e213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1470-2045(24)00715-0","journal-title":"lancet Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1944_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1038\/s41408-022-00629-1","volume":"12","author":"AD Cohen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cohen\u00a0AD, Parekh\u00a0S, Santomasso\u00a0BD et\u00a0al (2022) Incidence and management of CAR\u2011T neurotoxicity in patients with multiple myeloma treated with ciltacabtagene autoleucel in CARTITUDE studies. blood Cancer\u00a0J 12(2):32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41408-022-00629-1","journal-title":"blood Cancer J"},{"issue":"4","key":"1944_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1369\/00221554221079579","volume":"70","author":"M Marella","year":"2022","unstructured":"Marella\u00a0M, Yao\u00a0X, Carreira\u00a0V et\u00a0al (2022) Comprehensive BCMA Expression Profiling in Adult Normal Human Brain Suggests a\u00a0Low Risk of On-target Neurotoxicity in BCMA-targeting Multiple Myeloma Therapy. j Histochem Cytochem 70(4):273\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1369\/00221554221079579","journal-title":"j Histochem Cytochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"1944_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-023-02276-w","volume":"29","author":"J Mahdi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mahdi\u00a0J, Dietrich\u00a0J, Straathof\u00a0K et\u00a0al (2023) Tumor inflammation-associated neurotoxicity. Nat Med 29(4):803\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-023-02276-w","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"38","key":"1944_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadg3919","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adg3919","volume":"9","author":"K Rejeski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rejeski\u00a0K, Perez\u00a0A, Iacoboni\u00a0G et\u00a0al (2023) Severe hematotoxicity after CD19 CAR\u2011T therapy is associated with suppressive immune dysregulation and limited CAR\u2011T expansion. Sci Adv 9(38):eadg3919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adg3919","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"6","key":"1944_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e459","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(24)00077-2","volume":"11","author":"K Rejeski","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rejeski\u00a0K, Jain\u00a0MD, Shah\u00a0NN, Perales\u00a0MA, Subklewe\u00a0M (2024) Immune effector cell-associated haematotoxicity after CAR T\u2011cell therapy: from mechanism to management. lancet Haematol 11(6):e459\u2013e470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-3026(24)00077-2","journal-title":"lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"24","key":"1944_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020010543","volume":"138","author":"K Rejeski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rejeski\u00a0K, Perez\u00a0A, Sesques\u00a0P et\u00a0al (2021) CAR-HEMATOTOX: a\u00a0model for CAR T\u2011cell\u2013related hematologic toxicity in relapsed\/refractory large B\u2011cell lymphoma. Blood 138(24):2499\u20132513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2020010543","journal-title":"Blood."},{"issue":"3","key":"1944_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e545","DOI":"10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000545","volume":"5","author":"P G\u00f6del","year":"2021","unstructured":"G\u00f6del\u00a0P, Sieg\u00a0N, Heger\u00a0JM et\u00a0al (2021) Hematologic Rescue of CAR T\u2011cell\u2013mediated Prolonged Pancytopenia Using Autologous Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cells in a\u00a0Lymphoma Patient. HemaSphere 5(3):e545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HS9.0000000000000545","journal-title":"HemaSphere"},{"issue":"10","key":"1944_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023020578","volume":"142","author":"K Rejeski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rejeski\u00a0K, Subklewe\u00a0M, Aljurf\u00a0M et\u00a0al (2023) Immune effector cell\u2013associated hematotoxicity: EHA\/EBMT consensus grading and best practice recommendations. Blood 142(10):865\u2013877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2023020578","journal-title":"Blood."},{"issue":"5","key":"1944_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e355","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(21)00060-0","volume":"8","author":"\u00c9 Azoulay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Azoulay \u00c9, Castro\u00a0P, Maamar\u00a0A et\u00a0al (2021) Outcomes in patients treated with chimeric antigen receptor T\u2011cell therapy who were admitted to intensive care (CARTTAS): an international, multicentre, observational cohort study. lancet Haematol 8(5):e355\u2013e364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2352-3026(21)00060-0","journal-title":"lancet Haematol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1944_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03084-6","volume":"30","author":"SDM Cordas Dos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cordas Dos\u00a0SDM, Tix\u00a0T, Shouval\u00a0R et\u00a0al (2024) A\u00a0systematic review and meta-analysis of nonrelapse mortality after CAR T\u00a0cell therapy. Nat Med 30(9):2667\u20132678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41591-024-03084-6","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"1944_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1038\/s41409-022-01756-w","volume":"57","author":"K Wudhikarn","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wudhikarn\u00a0K, Perales\u00a0MA (2022) Infectious complications, immune reconstitution, and infection prophylaxis after CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T\u2011cell therapy. bone Marrow Transplant 57(10):1477\u20131488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41409-022-01756-w","journal-title":"bone Marrow Transplant"},{"issue":"10","key":"1944_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtct.2024.07.018","volume":"30","author":"Z Shahid","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shahid\u00a0Z, Jain\u00a0T, Dioverti\u00a0V et\u00a0al (2024) Best Practice Considerations by The American Society of Transplant and Cellular Therapy: Infection Prevention and Management After Chimeric Antigen Receptor T\u00a0Cell Therapy for Hematological Malignancies. transplant Cell Ther 30(10):955\u2013969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jtct.2024.07.018","journal-title":"transplant Cell Ther"},{"issue":"8","key":"1944_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2019004000","volume":"136","author":"JA Hill","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hill\u00a0JA, Seo\u00a0SK (2020) How I prevent infections in patients receiving CD19-targeted chimeric antigen receptor T\u00a0cells for B\u2011cell malignancies. Blood 136(8):925\u2013935. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.2019004000","journal-title":"Blood."}],"container-title":["Die Innere Medizin"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00108-025-01944-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00108-025-01944-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00108-025-01944-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T12:19:35Z","timestamp":1753445975000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00108-025-01944-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1944"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00108-025-01944-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-7080","2731-7099"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-7080","type":"print"},{"value":"2731-7099","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 June 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien"}},{"value":"J.\u00a0Garcia-Borrega: Reisekosten und Finanzierung wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen: Kite\/Gilead. B.\u00a0B\u00f6ll: Honorare f\u00fcr Vortr\u00e4ge und Beratung: Amgen, Autolous, Kite\/Gilead, Noscendo, Miltenyi. Finanzierung wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen: Kite\/Gilead, Noscendo. F.\u00a0Bach und J.\u00a0Grans-Seibel geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Interessenkonflikt"}},{"value":"F\u00fcr diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autor\/-innen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgef\u00fchrt. F\u00fcr die aufgef\u00fchrten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Interessenkonflikt"}}]}}