{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T16:00:48Z","timestamp":1792598448249,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754265600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Innere Medizin"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00108-025-01946-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]],"date-time":"2025-08-04T19:44:13Z","timestamp":1754336653000},"page":"917-926","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nephrotisches Syndrom","Nephrotic syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Daniela Anne","family":"Braun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hermann-Josef","family":"Pavenst\u00e4dt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1946_CR1","first-page":"479","volume":"93","author":"C Kodner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kodner\u00a0C (2016) Diagnosis and Management of Nephrotic Syndrome in Adults. Am Fam Physician 93(6):479\u2013485","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"2","key":"1946_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq665","volume":"26","author":"A McGrogan","year":"2011","unstructured":"McGrogan\u00a0A, Franssen\u00a0CFM, de Vries\u00a0CS (2011) The incidence of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide: a\u00a0systematic review of the literature. Nephrol Dial Transplant 26(2):414\u2013430","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"5","key":"1946_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2314471","volume":"391","author":"FE Hengel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hengel\u00a0FE, Dehde\u00a0S, Lass\u00e9\u00a0M et\u00a0al (2024) Autoantibodies Targeting Nephrin in Podocytopathies. N\u00a0Engl J Med 391(5):422\u2013433","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1946_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810457","volume":"361","author":"LH Beck Jr","year":"2009","unstructured":"Beck\u00a0LH Jr, Bonegio\u00a0RGB, Lambeau\u00a0G et\u00a0al (2009) M\u2011type phospholipase A2 receptor as target antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. N\u00a0Engl J Med 361(1):11\u201321","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"1946_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2277","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1409354","volume":"371","author":"NM Tomas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tomas\u00a0NM, Beck\u00a0LH Jr, Meyer-Schwesinger\u00a0C et\u00a0al (2014) Thrombospondin type\u20111 domain-containing 7A in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. N\u00a0Engl J Med 371(24):2277\u20132287","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"1946_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12102259","volume":"12","author":"R Wendt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wendt\u00a0R, Sobhani\u00a0A, Diefenhardt\u00a0P et\u00a0al (2024) An Updated Comprehensive Review on Diseases Associated with Nephrotic Syndromes. Biomedicines 12(10):2259","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"1","key":"1946_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-0196-7","volume":"6","author":"JB Kopp","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kopp\u00a0JB, Anders\u00a0HJ, Susztak\u00a0K et\u00a0al (2020) Podocytopathies. Nat Rev Dis Primers 6(1):68\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-020-0196-7","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"issue":"5993","key":"1946_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1193032","volume":"329","author":"G Genovese","year":"2010","unstructured":"Genovese\u00a0G, Friedman\u00a0DJ, Ross\u00a0MD et\u00a0al (2010) Association of trypanolytic ApoL1 variants with kidney disease in African Americans. Science 329(5993):841\u2013845","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"15","key":"1946_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1808786","volume":"384","author":"T Benzing","year":"2021","unstructured":"Benzing\u00a0T, Salant\u00a0D (2021) Insights into Glomerular Filtration and Albuminuria. N\u00a0Engl J Med 384(15):1437\u20131446. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMra1808786","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1946_CR10","unstructured":"Feehally J, Johnson RJ (2003) Introduction to Glomerular Disease: Clinical Presentations. Comprehensice. CN: 255\u2013269"},{"issue":"2","key":"1946_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.09.029","volume":"80","author":"JE Novak","year":"2022","unstructured":"Novak\u00a0JE, Ellison\u00a0DH (2022) Diuretics in States of Volume Overload: Core Curriculum 2022. Am J Kidney Dis 80(2):264\u2013276","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1946_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-024-00918-x","volume":"21","author":"R Agarwal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Agarwal\u00a0R, Verma\u00a0A, Georgianos\u00a0PI (2025) Diuretics in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 21(4):264\u2013278","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1946_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2023.10.018","volume":"105","author":"KDIGO","year":"2024","unstructured":"KDIGO (2024) Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD Work Group. Kidney Int 105(4):S117\u2013S314","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"1946_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-023-01697-7","volume":"36","author":"C Ponticelli","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ponticelli\u00a0C, Moroni\u00a0G (2023) Nephrotic syndrome: pathophysiology and consequences. J\u00a0Nephrol 36(8):2179\u20132190","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1946_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12081860","volume":"12","author":"M Mizdrak","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mizdrak\u00a0M, Smajic\u00a0B, Mizdrak\u00a0I et\u00a0al (2024) Endocrine Disorders in Nephrotic Syndrome\u2014A Comprehensive Review. Biomedicines 12(8):1860\u20131878","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"issue":"6","key":"1946_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013040430","volume":"25","author":"E Hoxha","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hoxha\u00a0E, Thiele\u00a0I, Zahner\u00a0G et\u00a0al (2014) Phospholipase A2 receptor autoantibodies and clinical outcome in patients with primary membranous nephropathy. J\u00a0Am Soc Nephrol 25(6):1357\u20131366","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1946_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2019.09.014","volume":"97","author":"S Sethi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sethi\u00a0S, Debiec\u00a0H, Madden\u00a0B et\u00a0al (2020) Neural epidermal growth factor-like 1 protein (NELL-1) associated membranous nephropathy. Kidney Int 97(1):163\u2013174","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"1946_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-022-00564-1","volume":"18","author":"E Hoxha","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hoxha\u00a0E, Reinhard\u00a0L, Stahl\u00a0RA (2022) Membranous nephropathy: new pathogenic mechanisms and their clinical implications. Nat Rev Nephrol 18(7):466\u2013478","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1946_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14030761","volume":"14","author":"C Ponticelli","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ponticelli\u00a0C (2025) Membranous Nephropathy. J\u00a0Clin Med 14(3):761","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"1946_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.10.009","volume":"77","author":"L Alsharhan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alsharhan\u00a0L, Beck\u00a0LH Jr (2021) Membranous Nephropathy: Core Curriculum 2021. Am J Kidney Dis 77(3):440\u2013453","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1946_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2024.10.004","volume":"32","author":"M Navarro-Torres","year":"2025","unstructured":"Navarro-Torres\u00a0M, Wooden\u00a0B, Santoriello\u00a0D (2025) Podocytopathies. Adv Kidney Dis Health 32(1):2\u201311","journal-title":"Adv Kidney Dis Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"1946_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.12.019","volume":"75","author":"W Ahn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahn\u00a0W, Bomback\u00a0AS (2020) Approach to Diagnosis and Management of Primary Glomerular Diseases Due to Podocytopathies in Adults: Core Curriculum 2020. Am J Kidney Dis 75(6):955\u2013964","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1946_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2024.07.022","volume":"106","author":"I Batal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Batal\u00a0I, Watts\u00a0AJB, Gibier\u00a0JB et\u00a0al (2024) Pre-transplant anti-nephrin antibodies are specific predictors of recurrent diffuse podocytopathy in the kidney allograft. Kidney Int 106(4):749\u2013752","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"1946_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2024.03.009","volume":"31","author":"V Suresh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Suresh\u00a0V, Stillman\u00a0IE, Campbell\u00a0KN et\u00a0al (2024) Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis. Adv Kidney Dis Health 31(4):275\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.akdh.2024.03.009","journal-title":"Adv Kidney Dis Health"}],"container-title":["Die Innere Medizin"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00108-025-01946-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00108-025-01946-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00108-025-01946-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T16:48:47Z","timestamp":1757350127000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00108-025-01946-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1946"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00108-025-01946-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-7080","2731-7099"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-7080","type":"print"},{"value":"2731-7099","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 June 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 August 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien"}},{"value":"Gem\u00e4\u00df den Richtlinien des Springer Medizin Verlags werden Autoren und Wissenschaftliche Leitung im Rahmen der Manuskripterstellung und Manuskriptfreigabe aufgefordert, eine vollst\u00e4ndige Erkl\u00e4rung zu ihren finanziellen und nichtfinanziellen Interessen abzugeben.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Interessenkonflikt"}},{"value":"H.\u00a0Pavenst\u00e4dt: A.\u00a0Finanzielle Interessen: Forschungsf\u00f6rderung zur pers\u00f6nlichen Verf\u00fcgung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), Sanofi.\u00a0\u2013 Vortragshonorare oder Kostenerstattung als passiv Teilnehmende: Akademie Niere, Intensivkurs Nephrologie.\u00a0\u2013 B.\u00a0Nichtfinanzielle Interessen: Medizinische Klinik\u00a0D, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum M\u00fcnster, KfH-Nierenzentrum M\u00fcnster | Vorstand Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Nephrologie. D.A.\u00a0Braun: A.\u00a0Finanzielle Interessen: Forschungsf\u00f6rderung zur pers\u00f6nlichen Verf\u00fcgung: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG).\u00a0\u2013 B.\u00a0Nichtfinanzielle Interessen: Angestellte Ober\u00e4rztin, Medizinische Klinik\u00a0D, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum M\u00fcnster | Mitgliedschaften: Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Nephrologie, Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Innere Medizin, International Society of Nephrology.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Autoren"}},{"value":"Die vollst\u00e4ndige Erkl\u00e4rung zum Interessenkonflikt der Wissenschaftlichen Leitung finden Sie am Kurs der zertifizierten Fortbildung auf .","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Wissenschaftliche Leitung"}},{"value":"erkl\u00e4rt, dass f\u00fcr die Publikation dieser CME-Fortbildung keine Sponsorengelder an den Verlag flie\u00dfen.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Der Verlag"}},{"value":"F\u00fcr diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autor\/-innen keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgef\u00fchrt. F\u00fcr die aufgef\u00fchrten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Der Verlag"}}]}}