{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:07:03Z","timestamp":1789776423410,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,10]],"date-time":"2012-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326153600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Mol Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-012-0858-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,9]],"date-time":"2012-01-09T08:08:49Z","timestamp":1326096529000},"page":"887-893","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["A new, powerful player in lipoprotein metabolism: brown adipose tissue"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"Bartelt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Merkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joerg","family":"Heeren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"858_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2481","volume":"10","author":"RA Hegele","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hegele RA (2009) Plasma lipoproteins: genetic influences and clinical implications. Nat Rev Genet 10:109\u2013121","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"858_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3247","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI35206","volume":"118","author":"KJ Williams","year":"2008","unstructured":"Williams KJ (2008) Molecular processes that handle\u2014and mishandle\u2014dietary lipids. J Clin Invest 118:3247\u20133259","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"858_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e32833ded83","volume":"21","author":"G Olivecrona","year":"2010","unstructured":"Olivecrona G, Olivecrona T (2010) Triglyceride lipases and atherosclerosis. Curr Opin Lipidol 21:409\u2013415","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"858_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.2174\/138945007783220614","volume":"8","author":"RJ Brown","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brown RJ, Rader DJ (2007) Lipases as modulators of atherosclerosis in murine models. Curr Drug Targets 8:1307\u20131319","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets"},{"key":"858_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.02.002","volume":"5","author":"AP Beigneux","year":"2007","unstructured":"Beigneux AP, Davies BS, Gin P, Weinstein MM, Farber E, Qiao X, Peale F, Bunting S, Walzem RL, Wong JS et al (2007) Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 plays a critical role in the lipolytic processing of chylomicrons. Cell Metab 5:279\u2013291","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"858_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.04.016","volume":"12","author":"BS Davies","year":"2010","unstructured":"Davies BS, Beigneux AP, Barnes RH, Tu Y, Gin P, Weinstein MM, Nobumori C, Nyren R, Goldberg I, Olivecrona G et al (2010) GPIHBP1 is responsible for the entry of lipoprotein lipase into capillaries. Cell Metab 12:42\u201352","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"858_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00003.2009","volume":"90","author":"JF Glatz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Glatz JF, Luiken JJ, Bonen A (2010) Membrane fatty acid transporters as regulators of lipid metabolism: implications for metabolic disease. Physiol Rev 90:367\u2013417","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"858_CR8","first-page":"110","volume":"119","author":"T Kanda","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kanda T, Brown JD, Orasanu G, Vogel S, Gonzalez FJ, Sartoretto J, Michel T, Plutzky J (2009) PPARgamma in the endothelium regulates metabolic responses to high-fat diet in mice. J Clin Invest 119:110\u2013124","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"858_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08945","volume":"464","author":"CE Hagberg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hagberg CE, Falkevall A, Wang X, Larsson E, Huusko J, Nilsson I, van Meeteren LA, Samen E, Lu L, Vanwildemeersch M et al (2010) Vascular endothelial growth factor B controls endothelial fatty acid uptake. Nature 464:917\u2013921","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"858_CR10","first-page":"67","volume":"9","author":"MR Greenwood","year":"1985","unstructured":"Greenwood MR (1985) The relationship of enzyme activity to feeding behavior in rats: lipoprotein lipase as the metabolic gatekeeper. Int J Obes 9(Suppl 1):67\u201370","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"858_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.019","volume":"219","author":"SK Nilsson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nilsson SK, Heeren J, Olivecrona G, Merkel M (2011) Apolipoprotein A-V; a potent triglyceride reducer. Atherosclerosis 219:15\u201321","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"858_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21553","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M411412200","volume":"280","author":"M Merkel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Merkel M, Loeffler B, Kluger M, Fabig N, Geppert G, Pennacchio LA, Laatsch A, Heeren J (2005) Apolipoprotein AV accelerates plasma hydrolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by interaction with proteoglycan-bound lipoprotein lipase. J Biol Chem 280:21553\u201321560","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"858_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27941","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M403240200","volume":"279","author":"FG Schaap","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schaap FG, Rensen PC, Voshol PJ, Vrins C, van der Vliet HN, Chamuleau RA, Havekes LM, Groen AK, van Dijk KW (2004) ApoAV reduces plasma triglycerides by inhibiting very low density lipoprotein-triglyceride (VLDL-TG) production and stimulating lipoprotein lipase-mediated VLDL-TG hydrolysis. J Biol Chem 279:27941\u201327947","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"858_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2009.12.015","volume":"1801","author":"L Lichtenstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lichtenstein L, Kersten S (2010) Modulation of plasma TG lipolysis by angiopoietin-like proteins and GPIHBP1. Biochim Biophys Acta 1801:415\u2013420","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"858_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2007.24","volume":"39","author":"M Peterfy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peterfy M, Ben Zeev O, Mao HZ, Weissglas-Volkov D, Aouizerat BE, Pullinger CR, Frost PH, Kane JP, Malloy MJ, Reue K et al (2007) Mutations in LMF1 cause combined lipase deficiency and severe hypertriglyceridemia. Nat Genet 39:1483\u20131487","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"858_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197806082982301","volume":"298","author":"WC Breckenridge","year":"1978","unstructured":"Breckenridge WC, Little JA, Steiner G, Chow A, Poapst M (1978) Hypertriglyceridemia associated with deficiency of apolipoprotein C-II. N Engl J Med 298:1265\u20131273","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"858_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1064852","volume":"294","author":"LA Pennacchio","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pennacchio LA, Olivier M, Hubacek JA, Cohen JC, Cox DR, Fruchart JC, Krauss RM, Rubin EM (2001) An apolipoprotein influencing triglycerides in humans and mice revealed by comparative sequencing. Science 294:169\u2013173","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"858_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-6-23","volume":"6","author":"J Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang J, Hegele RA (2007) Homozygous missense mutation (G56R) in glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (GPI-HBP1) in two siblings with fasting chylomicronemia (MIM 144650). Lipids Health Dis 6:23","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"858_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104202","volume":"39","author":"RJ Havel","year":"1960","unstructured":"Havel RJ, Gordon RS Jr (1960) Idiopathic hyperlipemia: metabolic studies in an affected family. J Clin Invest 39:1777\u20131790","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"858_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.10.004","volume":"121","author":"DA Leaf","year":"2008","unstructured":"Leaf DA (2008) Chylomicronemia and the chylomicronemia syndrome: a practical approach to management. Am J Med 121:10\u201312","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"858_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1161524","volume":"322","author":"TI Pollin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pollin TI, Damcott CM, Shen H, Ott SH, Shelton J, Horenstein RB, Post W, McLenithan JC, Bielak LF, Peyser PA et al (2008) A null mutation in human APOC3 confers a favorable plasma lipid profile and apparent cardioprotection. Science 322:1702\u20131705","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"858_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09270","volume":"466","author":"TM Teslovich","year":"2010","unstructured":"Teslovich TM, Musunuru K, Smith AV, Edmondson AC, Stylianou IM, Koseki M, Pirruccello JP, Ripatti S, Chasman DI, Willer CJ et al (2010) Biological, clinical and population relevance of 95 loci for blood lipids. Nature 466:707\u2013713","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"858_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1097\/00075197-200503000-00007","volume":"8","author":"A Eckardstein von","year":"2005","unstructured":"von Eckardstein A, Hersberger M, Rohrer L (2005) Current understanding of the metabolism and biological actions of HDL. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 8:147\u2013152","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"858_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-002-0351-5","volume":"80","author":"J Heeren","year":"2002","unstructured":"Heeren J, Niemeier A, Merkel M, Beisiegel U (2002) Endothelial-derived lipoprotein lipase is bound to postprandial triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and mediates their hepatic clearance in vivo. J Mol Med (Berl) 80:576\u2013584","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"},{"key":"858_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2008.07.046","volume":"204","author":"A Laatsch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Laatsch A, Merkel M, Talmud PJ, Grewal T, Beisiegel U, Heeren J (2009) Insulin stimulates hepatic low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) to increase postprandial lipoprotein clearance. Atherosclerosis 204:105\u2013111","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"858_CR26","first-page":"3236","volume":"119","author":"KI Stanford","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stanford KI, Bishop JR, Foley EM, Gonzales JC, Niesman IR, Witztum JL, Esko JD (2009) Syndecan-1 is the primary heparan sulfate proteoglycan mediating hepatic clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in mice. J Clin Invest 119:3236\u20133245","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"858_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29154","volume":"117","author":"JM MacArthur","year":"2007","unstructured":"MacArthur JM, Bishop JR, Stanford KI, Wang L, Bensadoun A, Witztum JL, Esko JD (2007) Liver heparan sulfate proteoglycans mediate clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins independently of LDL receptor family members. J Clin Invest 117:153\u2013164","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"858_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.063701","volume":"285","author":"KI Stanford","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stanford KI, Wang L, Castagnola J, Song D, Bishop JR, Brown JR, Lawrence R, Bai X, Habuchi H, Tanaka M et al (2010) Heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase is required for triglyceride-rich lipoprotein clearance. J Biol Chem 285:286\u2013294","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"858_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119685","volume":"100","author":"IV Fuki","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fuki IV, Kuhn KM, Lomazov IR, Rothman VL, Tuszynski GP, Iozzo RV, Swenson TL, Fisher EA, Williams KJ (1997) The syndecan family of proteoglycans. Novel receptors mediating internalization of atherogenic lipoproteins in vitro. J Clin Invest 100:1611\u20131622","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"858_CR30","first-page":"31554","volume":"275","author":"IV Fuki IV","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fuki IV IV, Iozzo RV, Williams KJ (2000) Perlecan heparan sulfate proteoglycan. A novel receptor that mediates a distinct pathway for ligand catabolism. J Biol Chem 275:31554","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"858_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-031210-101322","volume":"29","author":"MF Gregor","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gregor MF, Hotamisligil GS (2011) Inflammatory mechanisms in obesity. Annu Rev Immunol 29:415\u2013445","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"858_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2003","volume":"84","author":"B Cannon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cannon B, Nedergaard J (2004) Brown adipose tissue: function and physiological significance. Physiol Rev 84:277\u2013359","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"858_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S130","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.53.2007.S130","volume":"53","author":"S Rousset","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rousset S, Alves-Guerra MC, Mozo J, Miroux B, Cassard-Doulcier AM, Bouillaud F, Ricquier D (2004) The biology of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins. Diabetes 53(Suppl 1):S130\u2013S135","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"858_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2010.02.035","volume":"1797","author":"V Azzu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Azzu V, Jastroch M, Divakaruni AS, Brand MD (2010) The regulation and turnover of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta 1797:785\u2013791","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"858_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plefa.2005.04.010","volume":"73","author":"S Cinti","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cinti S (2005) The adipose organ. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 73:9\u201315","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids"},{"key":"858_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/281031a0","volume":"281","author":"NJ Rothwell","year":"1979","unstructured":"Rothwell NJ, Stock MJ (1979) A role for brown adipose tissue in diet-induced thermogenesis. Nature 281:31\u201335","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"858_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2008.12.014","volume":"9","author":"HM Feldmann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Feldmann HM, Golozoubova V, Cannon B, Nedergaard J (2009) UCP1 ablation induces obesity and abolishes diet-induced thermogenesis in mice exempt from thermal stress by living at thermoneutrality. Cell Metab 9:203\u2013209","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"858_CR38","first-page":"E179","volume":"253","author":"AL Vallerand","year":"1987","unstructured":"Vallerand AL, Perusse F, Bukowiecki LJ (1987) Cold exposure potentiates the effect of insulin on in vivo glucose uptake. Am J Physiol 253:E179\u2013E186","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"858_CR39","first-page":"R1043","volume":"259","author":"AL Vallerand","year":"1990","unstructured":"Vallerand AL, Perusse F, Bukowiecki LJ (1990) Stimulatory effects of cold exposure and cold acclimation on glucose uptake in rat peripheral tissues. Am J Physiol 259:R1043\u2013R1049","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"858_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2003.050369","volume":"552","author":"AL Gasparetti","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gasparetti AL, de Souza CT, Pereira-da-Silva M, Oliveira RL, Saad MJ, Carneiro EM, Velloso LA (2003) Cold exposure induces tissue-specific modulation of the insulin-signalling pathway in Rattus norvegicus. J Physiol 552:149\u2013162","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"858_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2370789","volume":"237","author":"SA Smith","year":"1986","unstructured":"Smith SA, Young P, Cawthorne MA (1986) Quantification in vivo of the effects of insulin on glucose utilization in individual tissues of warm- and cold-acclimated rats. Biochem J 237:789\u2013795","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"858_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2297","volume":"17","author":"A Bartelt","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bartelt A, Bruns OT, Reimer R, Hohenberg H, Ittrich H, Peldschus K, Kaul MG, Tromsdorf UI, Weller H, Waurisch C et al (2011) Brown adipose tissue activity controls triglyceride clearance. Nat Med 17:200\u2013205","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"858_CR43","first-page":"E327","volume":"246","author":"C Carneheim","year":"1984","unstructured":"Carneheim C, Nedergaard J, Cannon B (1984) Beta-adrenergic stimulation of lipoprotein lipase in rat brown adipose tissue during acclimation to cold. Am J Physiol 246:E327\u2013E333","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"858_CR44","first-page":"E155","volume":"254","author":"C Carneheim","year":"1988","unstructured":"Carneheim C, Nedergaard J, Cannon B (1988) Cold-induced beta-adrenergic recruitment of lipoprotein lipase in brown fat is due to increased transcription. Am J Physiol 254:E155\u2013E161","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"858_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0211-157","volume":"17","author":"KJ Williams","year":"2011","unstructured":"Williams KJ, Fisher EA (2011) Globular warming: how fat gets to the furnace. Nat Med 17:157\u2013159","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"858_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)39957-0","volume":"35","author":"JC Rutledge","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rutledge JC, Goldberg IJ (1994) Lipoprotein lipase (LpL) affects low density lipoprotein (LDL) flux through vascular tissue: evidence that LpL increases LDL accumulation in vascular tissue. J Lipid Res 35:1152\u20131160","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"858_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.80.6.819","volume":"80","author":"JC Rutledge","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rutledge JC, Woo MM, Rezai AA, Curtiss LK, Goldberg IJ (1997) Lipoprotein lipase increases lipoprotein binding to the artery wall and increases endothelial layer permeability by formation of lipolysis products. Circ Res 80:819\u2013828","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"858_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.86.7.768","volume":"86","author":"JC Rutledge","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rutledge JC, Mullick AE, Gardner G, Goldberg IJ (2000) Direct visualization of lipid deposition and reverse lipid transport in a perfused artery: roles of VLDL and HDL. Circ Res 86:768\u2013773","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"858_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2745","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00686.2006","volume":"292","author":"L Eiselein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Eiselein L, Wilson DW, Lame MW, Rutledge JC (2007) Lipolysis products from triglyceride-rich lipoproteins increase endothelial permeability, perturb zonula occludens-1 and F-actin, and induce apoptosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 292:H2745\u2013H2753","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"858_CR50","first-page":"369","volume":"21","author":"S Hatai","year":"1902","unstructured":"Hatai S (1902) On the presence in human embryos of an interscapular gland corresponding to the so-called hibernating gland of lower mammals. Anat Anz 21:369\u2013373","journal-title":"Anat Anz"},{"key":"858_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-002-0902-6","volume":"29","author":"TF Hany","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hany TF, Gharehpapagh E, Kamel EM, Buck A, Himms-Hagen J, von Schulthess GK (2002) Brown adipose tissue: a factor to consider in symmetrical tracer uptake in the neck and upper chest region. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 29:1393\u20131398","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"key":"858_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810780","volume":"360","author":"AM Cypess","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cypess AM, Lehman S, Williams G, Tal I, Rodman D, Goldfine AB, Kuo FC, Palmer EL, Tseng YH, Doria A et al (2009) Identification and importance of brown adipose tissue in adult humans. N Engl J Med 360:1509\u20131517","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"858_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808949","volume":"360","author":"KA Virtanen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Virtanen KA, Lidell ME, Orava J, Heglind M, Westergren R, Niemi T, Taittonen M, Laine J, Savisto NJ, Enerback S et al (2009) Functional brown adipose tissue in healthy adults. N Engl J Med 360:1518\u20131525","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"858_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808718","volume":"360","author":"WD Marken Lichtenbelt","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Vanhommerig JW, Smulders NM, Drossaerts JM, Kemerink GJ, Bouvy ND, Schrauwen P, Teule GJ (2009) Cold-activated brown adipose tissue in healthy men. N Engl J Med 360:1500\u20131508","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"858_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.03.007","volume":"11","author":"J Nedergaard","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nedergaard J, Cannon B (2010) The changed metabolic world with human brown adipose tissue: therapeutic visions. Cell Metab 11:268\u2013272","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"858_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2010.03.008","volume":"11","author":"S Enerback","year":"2010","unstructured":"Enerback S (2010) Human brown adipose tissue. Cell Metab 11:248\u2013252","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"858_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.02.009","volume":"13","author":"J Nedergaard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nedergaard J, Bengtsson T, Cannon B (2011) New powers of brown fat: fighting the metabolic syndrome. Cell Metab 13:238\u2013240","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"858_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3113","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.09-133546","volume":"23","author":"MC Zingaretti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zingaretti MC, Crosta F, Vitali A, Guerrieri M, Frontini A, Cannon B, Nedergaard J, Cinti S (2009) The presence of UCP1 demonstrates that metabolically active adipose tissue in the neck of adult humans truly represents brown adipose tissue. FASEB J 23:3113\u20133120","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"858_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0530","volume":"58","author":"M Saito","year":"2009","unstructured":"Saito M, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Matsushita M, Watanabe K, Yoneshiro T, Nio-Kobayashi J, Iwanaga T, Miyagawa M, Kameya T, Nakada K et al (2009) High incidence of metabolically active brown adipose tissue in healthy adult humans: effects of cold exposure and adiposity. Diabetes 58:1526\u20131531","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"858_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2011.125","volume":"19","author":"T Yoneshiro","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yoneshiro T, Aita S, Matsushita M, Okamatsu-Ogura Y, Kameya T, Kawai Y, Miyagawa M, Tsujisaki M, Saito M (2011) Age-related decrease in cold-activated brown adipose tissue and accumulation of body fat in healthy humans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 19:1755\u20131760","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"858_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.06.012","volume":"14","author":"J Orava","year":"2011","unstructured":"Orava J, Nuutila P, Lidell ME, Oikonen V, Noponen T, Viljanen T, Scheinin M, Taittonen M, Niemi T, Enerback S et al (2011) Different metabolic responses of human brown adipose tissue to activation by cold and insulin. Cell Metab 14:272\u2013279","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"858_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7153","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.053942","volume":"285","author":"N Petrovic","year":"2010","unstructured":"Petrovic N, Walden TB, Shabalina IG, Timmons JA, Cannon B, Nedergaard J (2010) Chronic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) activation of epididymally derived white adipocyte cultures reveals a population of thermogenically competent, UCP1-containing adipocytes molecularly distinct from classic brown adipocytes. J Biol Chem 285:7153\u20137164","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"858_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2286","volume":"13","author":"L Sun","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sun L, Xie H, Mori MA, Alexander R, Yuan B, Hattangadi SM, Liu Q, Kahn CR, Lodish HF (2011) Mir193b-365 is essential for brown fat differentiation. Nat Cell Biol 13:958\u2013965","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"858_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07221","volume":"454","author":"YH Tseng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tseng YH, Kokkotou E, Schulz TJ, Huang TL, Winnay JN, Taniguchi CM, Tran TT, Suzuki R, Espinoza DO, Yamamoto Y et al (2008) New role of bone morphogenetic protein 7 in brown adipogenesis and energy expenditure. Nature 454:1000\u20131004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"858_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07182","volume":"454","author":"P Seale","year":"2008","unstructured":"Seale P, Bjork B, Yang W, Kajimura S, Chin S, Kuang S, Scime A, Devarakonda S, Conroe HM, Erdjument-Bromage H et al (2008) PRDM16 controls a brown fat\/skeletal muscle switch. Nature 454:961\u2013967","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"858_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI44271","volume":"121","author":"P Seale","year":"2011","unstructured":"Seale P, Conroe HM, Estall J, Kajimura S, Frontini A, Ishibashi J, Cohen P, Cinti S, Spiegelman BM (2011) Prdm16 determines the thermogenic program of subcutaneous white adipose tissue in mice. J Clin Invest 121:96\u2013105","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"858_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1010929108","volume":"108","author":"TJ Schulz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schulz TJ, Huang TL, Tran TT, Zhang H, Townsend KL, Shadrach JL, Cerletti M, McDougall LE, Giorgadze N, Tchkonia T et al (2011) Identification of inducible brown adipocyte progenitors residing in skeletal muscle and white fat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:143\u2013148","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"858_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1186034","volume":"328","author":"A Vegiopoulos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vegiopoulos A, Muller-Decker K, Strzoda D, Schmitt I, Chichelnitskiy E, Ostertag A, Berriel DM, Rozman J, Hrabe dA, Nusing RM et al (2010) Cyclooxygenase-2 controls energy homeostasis in mice by de novo recruitment of brown adipocytes. Science 328:1158\u20131161","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"858_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11391","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011391","volume":"5","author":"L Madsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Madsen L, Pedersen LM, Lillefosse HH, Fjaere E, Bronstad I, Hao Q, Petersen RK, Hallenborg P, Ma T, De Matteis R et al (2010) UCP1 induction during recruitment of brown adipocytes in white adipose tissue is dependent on cyclooxygenase activity. PLoS One 5:e11391","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"858_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2008.04.038","volume":"1777","author":"IG Shabalina","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shabalina IG, Backlund EC, Bar-Tana J, Cannon B, Nedergaard J (2008) Within brown-fat cells, UCP1-mediated fatty acid-induced uncoupling is independent of fatty acid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta 1777:642\u2013650","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"858_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.06-7489com","volume":"21","author":"V Beck","year":"2007","unstructured":"Beck V, Jaburek M, Demina T, Rupprecht A, Porter RK, Jezek P, Pohl EE (2007) Polyunsaturated fatty acids activate human uncoupling proteins 1 and 2 in planar lipid bilayers. FASEB J 21:1137\u20131144","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"858_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9861(03)00031-6","volume":"412","author":"SG Huang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Huang SG (2003) Binding of fatty acids to the uncoupling protein from brown adipose tissue mitochondria. Arch Biochem Biophys 412:142\u2013146","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"858_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200105033441801","volume":"344","author":"J Tuomilehto","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tuomilehto J, Lindstrom J, Eriksson JG, Valle TT, Hamalainen H, Ilanne-Parikka P, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi S, Laakso M, Louheranta A, Rastas M et al (2001) Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N Engl J Med 344:1343\u20131350","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"858_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012512","volume":"346","author":"WC Knowler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA, Nathan DM (2002) Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med 346:393\u2013403","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"858_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpendmet1066","volume":"5","author":"AD Mooradian","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mooradian AD (2009) Dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab 5:150\u2013159","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Journal of Molecular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00109-012-0858-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00109-012-0858-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00109-012-0858-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,25]],"date-time":"2021-12-25T13:08:37Z","timestamp":1640437717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00109-012-0858-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,10]]},"references-count":75,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}},"alternative-id":["858"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00109-012-0858-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0946-2716","1432-1440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0946-2716","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1440","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,10]]}}}