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In this study, we used proteomics to identify novel proteins specific for NTDs. Our findings revealed three proteins showing differential expression during fetal development. In a rat model of NTDs, we used western blotting to quantify proteins in maternal serum exosomes on gestational days E18, E16, E14, and E12, in serum on E18 and E12, in neural tubes on E18 and E12, and in fetal neural exosomes on E18. The expression of coronin 1A and dynamin 2 was exosome-specific and associated with spina bifida aperta embryogenesis. Furthermore, coronin 1A and dynamin 2 were significantly downregulated in maternal serum exosomes (E12\u2013E18), neural tubes, and fetal neural exosomes. Although downregulation was also observed in serum, the difference was not significant. Differentially expressed proteins were further analyzed in the serum exosomes of pregnant women during gestational weeks 12\u201340 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The findings revealed that coronin 1A and dynamin 2 showed potential diagnostic efficacy during gestational weeks 12\u201340, particularly during early gestation (12\u201318\u00a0weeks). Therefore, these two targets are used as candidate NTD screening and diagnostic biomarkers during early gestation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key messages<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                  <jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:p>We used proteomics to identify novel proteins specific for NTDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:p>CORO1A and DNM2 showed exosome-specific expression and were associated with SBA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:p>CORO1A and DNM2 were downregulated in maternal serum exosomes and FNEs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:p>CORO1A and DNM2 showed good diagnostic efficacy for NTDs during early gestation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:p>These two targets may have applications as NTD screening and diagnostic biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:list-item>\n                <\/jats:list><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-022-02236-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T19:02:40Z","timestamp":1659380560000},"page":"1307-1319","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Serum exosomal coronin 1A and dynamin 2 as neural tube defect biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Yanfu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenting","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuzuo","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weilin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0967-9462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengwei","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2236_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199911113412006","volume":"341","author":"LD Botto","year":"1999","unstructured":"Botto LD, Moore CA, Khoury MJ, Erickson JD (1999) Neural-tube defects. 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All pregnant women were informed of the study procedures and risks, and all participants consented to participate in this study. Written informed consent was obtained from all pregnant women at the time of sampling, and the study was performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of Shengjing Hospital Affiliated to China Medical University (Approval no. 2017PS264K). All experimental protocols involving animals were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University (Approval no. 2016PS106K).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}