{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T00:24:23Z","timestamp":1793147063721,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]],"date-time":"2023-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Mol Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The most common cause for prosthetic revision surgery is wear particle-induced periprosthetic osteolysis, which leads to aseptic loosening of the prosthesis. Both SOST gene and its synthetic protein, sclerostin, are hallmarks of osteocytes. According to our previous findings, blocking SOST induces bone formation and protects against bone loss and deformation caused by titanium (Ti) particles by activating the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin cascade. Although SOST has been shown to influence osteoblasts, its ability to control wear-particle-induced osteolysis via targeting osteoclasts remains unclear. Mice were subjected to development of a cranial osteolysis model. Micro CT, HE staining, and TRAP staining were performed to evaluate bone loss in the mouse model. Bone marrow-derived monocyte-macrophages (BMMs) made from the C57BL\/6 mice were exposed to the medium of MLO-Y4 (co-cultured with Ti particles) to transform them into osteoclasts. Bioinformatics methods were used to predict and validate the interaction among SOST, Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin, RANKL\/OPG, TNF-\u03b1, and IL-6. Local bone density and bone volume improved after SOST inhibition, both the number of lysis pores and the rate of skull erosion decreased. Histological research showed that \u03b2-catenin and OPG expression were markedly increased after SOST inhibition, whereas TRAP and RANKL levels were markedly decreased. In-vitro, Ti particle treatment elevated the expression of sclerostin, suppressed the expression of \u03b2-catenin, and increased the RANKL\/OPG ratio in the MLO-Y4 cell line. TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 also elevated after treatment with Ti particles. The expression levels of NFATc1, CTSK, and TRAP in osteoclasts were significantly increased, and the number of positive cells for TRAP staining was increased. Additionally, the volume of bone resorption increased at the same time. In contrast, when SOST expression was inhibited in the MLO-Y4 cell line, these effects produced by Ti particles were reversed. All the results strongly show that SOST inhibition triggered the osteocyte Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling cascade and prevented wear particle-induced osteoclastogenesis, which might reduce periprosthetic osteolysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Key messages<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>SOST is a molecular regulator in maintaining bone homeostasis.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>SOST plays in regulating bone homeostasis through the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>SOST gene suppression stimulates osteocyte Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling to prevent bone resorption and attenuates particle-induced osteolysis.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-023-02319-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,30]],"date-time":"2023-04-30T20:02:15Z","timestamp":1682884935000},"page":"607-620","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["SOST gene suppression stimulates osteocyte Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling to prevent bone resorption and attenuates particle-induced osteolysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"101","author":[{"given":"Zixue","family":"Jiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Chai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shendong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunguang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6030-0668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2319_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1877","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01507","volume":"94","author":"RM Urban","year":"2012","unstructured":"Urban RM, Hall DJ, Della Valle C, Wimmer MA, Jacobs JJ, Galante JO (2012) Successful long-term fixation and progression of osteolysis associated with first-generation cementless acetabular components retrieved post mortem. J Bone Joint Surg Am 94:1877\u20131885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.J.01507","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2319_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2013.05.005","volume":"9","author":"J Gallo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gallo J, Goodman SB, Konttinen YT, Wimmer MA, Holinka M (2013) Osteolysis around total knee arthroplasty: a review of pathogenetic mechanisms. Acta Biomater 9:8046\u20138058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actbio.2013.05.005","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"2319_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.D.01915","volume":"87","author":"LD Dorr","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dorr LD, Wan Z, Shahrdar C, Sirianni L, Boutary M, Yun A (2005) Clinical performance of a durasul highly cross-linked polyethylene acetabular liner for total hip arthroplasty at five years. J Bone Joint Surg Am 87:1816\u20131821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.D.01915","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2319_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620x.82b4.9744","volume":"82","author":"RA Brooks","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brooks RA, Sharpe JR, Wimhurst JA, Myer BJ, Dawes EN, Rushton N (2000) The effects of the concentration of high-density polyethylene particles on the bone-implant interface. J Bone Joint Surg Br 82:595\u2013600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1302\/0301-620x.82b4.9744","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"2319_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.05.017","volume":"26","author":"T Masui","year":"2005","unstructured":"Masui T, Sakano S, Hasegawa Y, Warashina H, Ishiguro N (2005) Expression of inflammatory cytokines, RANKL and OPG induced by titanium, cobalt-chromium and polyethylene particles. Biomaterials 26:1695\u20131702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2004.05.017","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2319_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2006.05.054","volume":"27","author":"CA Holding","year":"2006","unstructured":"Holding CA, Findlay DM, Stamenkov R, Neale SD, Lucas H, Dharmapatni ASSK, Callary SA, Shrestha KR, Atkins GJ, Howie DW et al (2006) The correlation of RANK, RANKL and TNFalpha expression with bone loss volume and polyethylene wear debris around hip implants. Biomaterials 27:5212\u20135219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2006.05.054","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2319_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1002\/art.27400","volume":"62","author":"S Shimizu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shimizu S, Okuda N, Kato N, Rittling SR, Okawa A, Shinomiya K, Muneta T, Denhardt DT, Noda M, Tsuji K et al (2010) Osteopontin deficiency impairs wear debris-induced osteolysis via regulation of cytokine secretion from murine macrophages. Arthritis Rheum 62:1329\u20131337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.27400","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2319_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2824","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.a.34956","volume":"102","author":"M Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen M, Chen P-M, Dong Q-R, Huang Q, She C, Xu W (2014) P38 Signaling in titanium particle-induced MMP-2 secretion and activation in differentiating MC3T3-E1 cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 102:2824\u20132832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbm.a.34956","journal-title":"J Biomed Mater Res A"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2319_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01183","volume":"90","author":"P ten Dijke","year":"2008","unstructured":"ten Dijke P, Krause C, de Gorter DJJ, L\u00f6wik CWGM, van Bezooijen RL (2008) Osteocyte-derived sclerostin inhibits bone formation: its role in bone morphogenetic protein and Wnt signaling. J Bone Joint Surg Am 90(Suppl 1):31\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.G.01183","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2319_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2452","volume":"17","author":"T Nakashima","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nakashima T, Hayashi M, Fukunaga T, Kurata K, Oh-Hora M, Feng JQ, Bonewald LF, Kodama T, Wutz A, Wagner EF et al (2011) Evidence for osteocyte regulation of bone homeostasis through RANKL expression. Nat Med 17:1231\u20131234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.2452","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2319_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2685","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-2808-0","volume":"25","author":"R Sapir-Koren","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sapir-Koren R, Livshits G (2014) Osteocyte control of bone remodeling: is sclerostin a key molecular coordinator of the balanced bone resorption-formation cycles? Osteoporos Int 25:2685\u20132700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-014-2808-0","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2319_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-1915-z","volume":"23","author":"GJ Atkins","year":"2012","unstructured":"Atkins GJ, Findlay DM (2012) Osteocyte regulation of bone mineral: a little give and take. Osteoporos Int 23:2067\u20132079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-012-1915-z","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"2319_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.10.018","volume":"96","author":"CM Jacobsen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jacobsen CM (2017) Application of anti-sclerostin therapy in non-osteoporosis disease models. Bone 96:18\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2016.10.018","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2319_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1670","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00344","volume":"94","author":"AS Virdi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Virdi AS, Liu M, Sena K, Maletich J, McNulty M, Ke HZ, Sumner DR (2012) Sclerostin antibody increases bone volume and enhances implant fixation in a rat model. J Bone Joint Surg Am 94:1670\u20131680. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.K.00344","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2319_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4233","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15084","volume":"24","author":"ZH Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang ZH, Jia XY, Fang JY, Chai H, Huang Q, She C, Jia P, Geng DC, Xu W (2020) Reduction of SOST gene promotes bone formation through the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signalling pathway and compensates particle-induced osteolysis. J Cell Mol Med 24:4233\u20134244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcmm.15084","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"2319_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4371","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.17460","volume":"26","author":"H Chai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chai H, Zhang ZH, Fang JY, She C, Geng DC, Xu W (2022) Osteocytic cells exposed to titanium particles increase sclerostin expression and inhibit osteoblastic cell differentiation mostly via direct cell-to-cell contact. J Cell Mol Med 26:4371\u20134385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcmm.17460","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"2319_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25900","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025900","volume":"6","author":"AR Wijenayaka","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wijenayaka AR, Kogawa M, Lim HP, Bonewald LF, Findlay DM, Atkins GJ (2011) Sclerostin stimulates osteocyte support of osteoclast activity by a RANKL-dependent pathway. PLoS One 6:e25900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0025900","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2319_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/BLO.0b013e31804b4147","volume":"460","author":"G Holt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Holt G, Murnaghan C, Reilly J, Meek RMD (2007) The biology of aseptic osteolysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res 460:240\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BLO.0b013e31804b4147","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2319_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13142","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13142","volume":"54","author":"Y Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu Y, Sang W, Zhong Y, Xue S, Yang M, Wang C, Lu H, Huan R, Mao X, Zhu L et al (2021) CoCrMo-nanoparticles induced peri-implant osteolysis by promoting osteoblast ferroptosis via regulating Nrf2-ARE signalling pathway. Cell Prolif 54:e13142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cpr.13142","journal-title":"Cell Prolif"},{"key":"2319_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R100","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3381","volume":"13","author":"C Nich","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nich C, Langlois J, Marchadier A, Vidal C, Cohen-Solal M, Petite H, Hamadouche M (2011) Oestrogen deficiency modulates particle-induced osteolysis. Arthritis Res Ther 13:R100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/ar3381","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2319_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2006.08.023","volume":"27","author":"SB Goodman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goodman SB, Ma T, Chiu R, Ramachandran R, Smith RL (2006) Effects of orthopaedic wear particles on osteoprogenitor cells. Biomaterials 27:6096\u20136101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2006.08.023","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"2319_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3228","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1379-4","volume":"468","author":"J Mutimer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mutimer J, Devane PA, Adams K, Horne JG (2010) Highly crosslinked polyethylene reduces wear in total hip arthroplasty at 5 years. Clin Orthop Relat Res 468:3228\u20133233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11999-010-1379-4","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"2319_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2016.02.003","volume":"28","author":"M Prideaux","year":"2016","unstructured":"Prideaux M, Findlay DM, Atkins GJ (2016) Osteocytes: the master cells in bone remodelling. Curr Opin Pharmacol 28:24\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coph.2016.02.003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"2319_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00795-015-0099-y","volume":"48","author":"H Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen H, Senda T, Kubo K (2015) The osteocyte plays multiple roles in bone remodeling and mineral homeostasis. Med Mol Morphol 48:61\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00795-015-0099-y","journal-title":"Med Mol Morphol"},{"key":"2319_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2448","volume":"17","author":"J Xiong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Xiong J, Onal M, Jilka RL, Weinstein RS, Manolagas SC, O\u2019Brien CA (2011) Matrix-embedded cells control osteoclast formation. Nat Med 17:1235\u20131241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.2448","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2319_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.09.052","volume":"50","author":"W-Y Cheung","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cheung W-Y, Simmons CA, You L (2012) Osteocyte apoptosis regulates osteoclast precursor adhesion via osteocytic IL-6 secretion and endothelial ICAM-1 expression. Bone 50:104\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2011.09.052","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2319_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/S0070-2153(06)76004-5","volume":"76","author":"R Baron","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baron R, Rawadi G, Roman-Roman S (2006) Wnt signaling: a key regulator of bone mass. Curr Top Dev Biol 76:103\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0070-2153(06)76004-5","journal-title":"Curr Top Dev Biol"},{"key":"2319_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.14348\/molcells.2017.0225","volume":"40","author":"JH Park","year":"2017","unstructured":"Park JH, Lee NK, Lee SY (2017) Current understanding of RANK signaling in osteoclast differentiation and maturation. Mol Cells 40:706\u2013713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14348\/molcells.2017.0225","journal-title":"Mol Cells"},{"key":"2319_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00647","volume":"9","author":"X Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen X, Zhi X, Yin Z, Li X, Qin L, Qiu Z, Su J (2018) 18\u03b2-Glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits osteoclastogenesis in vivo and in vitro by blocking RANKL-mediated RANK-TRAF6 interactions and NF-\u039aB and MAPK signaling pathways. Front Pharmacol 9:647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2018.00647","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2319_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3604","volume":"34","author":"M Jiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jiang M, Wang T, Yan X, Liu Z, Yan Y, Yang K, Qi J, Zhou H, Qian N, Zhou Q et al (2019) A novel rhein derivative modulates bone formation and resorption and ameliorates estrogen-dependent bone loss. J Bone Miner Res 34:361\u2013374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.3604","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2319_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.04.034","volume":"42","author":"T Adachi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Adachi T, Aonuma Y, Tanaka M, Hojo M, Takano-Yamamoto T, Kamioka H (2009) Calcium response in single osteocytes to locally applied mechanical stimulus: differences in cell process and cell body. J Biomech 42:1989\u20131995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2009.04.034","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"2319_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021119-034332","volume":"82","author":"AG Robling","year":"2020","unstructured":"Robling AG, Bonewald LF (2020) The osteocyte: new insights. Annu Rev Physiol 82:485\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021119-034332","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"2319_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.2000.0753","volume":"12","author":"S Stea","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stea S, Visentin M, Granchi D, Ciapetti G, Donati ME, Sudanese A, Zanotti C, Toni A (2000) Cytokines and osteolysis around total hip prostheses. Cytokine 12:1575\u20131579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/cyto.2000.0753","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"2319_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9440(10)65266-2","volume":"154","author":"KD Merkel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Merkel KD, Erdmann JM, McHugh KP, Abu-Amer Y, Ross FP, Teitelbaum SL (1999) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediates orthopedic implant osteolysis. Am J Pathol 154:203\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0002-9440(10)65266-2","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"2319_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23052871","volume":"23","author":"K Maeda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maeda K, Yoshida K, Nishizawa T, Otani K, Yamashita Y, Okabe H, Hadano Y, Kayama T, Kurosaka D, Saito M (2022) Inflammation and bone metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis: molecular mechanisms of joint destruction and pharmacological treatments. Int J Mol Sci 23:2871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23052871","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2319_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2016.05.003","volume":"1860","author":"L Zhang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang L, Liu W, Zhao J, Ma X, Shen L, Zhang Y, Jin F, Jin Y (2016) Mechanical stress regulates osteogenic differentiation and RANKL\/OPG ratio in periodontal ligament stem cells by the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta 1860:2211\u20132219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbagen.2016.05.003","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"2319_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-020-02145-z","volume":"15","author":"C Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang C, Liu W, Zhang X, Zeng B, Qian Y (2020) Naringin increases osteoprotegerin expression in fibroblasts from periprosthetic membrane by the Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 15:600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13018-020-02145-z","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res"},{"key":"2319_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3071","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.01428-09","volume":"30","author":"I Kramer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kramer I, Halleux C, Keller H, Pegurri M, Gooi JH, Weber PB, Feng JQ, Bonewald LF, Kneissel M (2010) Osteocyte Wnt\/beta-catenin signaling is required for normal bone homeostasis. Mol Cell Biol 30:3071\u20133085. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/MCB.01428-09","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"2319_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.10.025","volume":"50","author":"X Tu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tu X, Rhee Y, Condon KW, Bivi N, Allen MR, Dwyer D, Stolina M, Turner CH, Robling AG, Plotkin LI et al (2012) Sost downregulation and local wnt signaling are required for the osteogenic response to mechanical loading. Bone 50:209\u2013217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bone.2011.10.025","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"2319_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.N.00654","volume":"97","author":"AS Virdi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Virdi AS, Irish J, Sena K, Liu M, Ke HZ, McNulty MA, Sumner DR (2015) Sclerostin antibody treatment improves implant fixation in a model of severe osteoporosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 97:133\u2013140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/JBJS.N.00654","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"2319_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2092","volume":"29","author":"J McColm","year":"2014","unstructured":"McColm J, Hu L, Womack T, Tang CC, Chiang AY (2014) Single- and multiple-dose randomized studies of blosozumab, a monoclonal antibody against sclerostin, in healthy postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 29:935\u2013943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.2092","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2319_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E3439","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9113439","volume":"9","author":"S Fabre","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fabre S, Funck-Brentano T, Cohen-Solal M (2020) Anti-sclerostin antibodies in osteoporosis and other bone diseases. J Clin Med 9:E3439. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm9113439","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2319_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4012","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37697","volume":"64","author":"S Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu S, Virdi AS, Sena K, Sumner DR (2012) Sclerostin antibody prevents particle-induced implant loosening by stimulating bone formation and inhibiting bone resorption in a rat model. Arthritis Rheum 64:4012\u20134020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/art.37697","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2319_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marahleh A, Kitaura H, Ohori F, Kishikawa A, Ogawa S, Shen WR, Qi J, Noguchi T, Nara Y (2019) Mizoguchi I TNF-\u03b1 directly enhances osteocyte RANKL expression and promotes osteoclast formation. Front Immunol 10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02925","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02925"},{"key":"2319_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1159\/000465455","volume":"41","author":"Q Wu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu Q, Zhou X, Huang D, Ji Y, Kang F (2017) IL-6 Enhances osteocyte-mediated osteoclastogenesis by promoting JAK2 and RANKL activity in vitro. Cell Physiol Biochem 41:1360\u20131369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000465455","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem"},{"key":"2319_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.3175","volume":"32","author":"M Koide","year":"2017","unstructured":"Koide M, Kobayashi Y, Yamashita T, Uehara S, Nakamura M, Hiraoka BY, Ozaki Y, Iimura T, Yasuda H, Takahashi N et al (2017) Bone formation is coupled to resorption via suppression of sclerostin expression by osteoclasts. J Bone Miner Res 32:2074\u20132086. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.3175","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"2319_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-018-0971-7","volume":"37","author":"M Koide","year":"2019","unstructured":"Koide M, Kobayashi Y (2019) Regulatory mechanisms of sclerostin expression during bone remodeling. J Bone Miner Metab 37:9\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00774-018-0971-7","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"2319_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.11.022","volume":"48","author":"X Hu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hu X, Ping Z, Gan M, Tao Y, Wang L, Shi J, Wu X, Zhang W, Yang H, Xu Y et al (2017) Theaflavin-3,3\u2019-digallate represses osteoclastogenesis and prevents wear debris-induced osteolysis via suppression of ERK pathway. Acta Biomater 48:479\u2013488. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actbio.2016.11.022","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"},{"key":"2319_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.01.034","volume":"51","author":"Z Ping","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ping Z, Hu X, Wang L, Shi J, Tao Y, Wu X, Hou Z, Guo X, Zhang W, Yang H et al (2017) Melatonin attenuates titanium particle-induced osteolysis via activation of Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Acta Biomater 51:513\u2013525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.actbio.2017.01.034","journal-title":"Acta Biomater"}],"container-title":["Journal of Molecular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00109-023-02319-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00109-023-02319-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00109-023-02319-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T04:04:07Z","timestamp":1683259447000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00109-023-02319-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]}},"alternative-id":["2319"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00109-023-02319-2","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2114784\/v1","asserted-by":"object"},{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-2114784\/v2","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0946-2716","1432-1440"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0946-2716","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1440","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 November 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2023","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 April 2023","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 May 2023","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All the animal experiments were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}