{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T04:07:38Z","timestamp":1754021258307,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714608000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Innovation Research Team Project of Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University","award":["CXTD202202","CXTD202204"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXTD202202","CXTD202204"]}]},{"name":"Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University Young Scientist Program","award":["YSP202008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YSP202008"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82001065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82001065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Beijing Hospitals Authority Youth Programme","award":["QML20211502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QML20211502"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017616","name":"Beijing Talents Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018000021469G284"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018000021469G284"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017616","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Mol Med"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by inflammatory conditions in the gastrointestinal tract. According to reports, IBD prevalence is increasing globally, with heavy economic and physical burdens. Current IBD clinical treatment is limited to pharmacological methods; therefore, new strategies are needed. Myeloid-derived growth factor (MYDGF) secreted by bone marrow-derived mononuclear macrophages has beneficial effects in multiple inflammatory diseases. To this end, the present study aimed to establish an experimental IBD mouse model using dextran sulfate sodium in drinking water. MYDGF significantly alleviated DSS-induced colitis, suppressed lymphocyte infiltration, restored epithelial integrity in mice, and decreased apoptosis in the colon tissue. Moreover, the number of M1 macrophages was decreased and that of M2 macrophages was increased by the action of MYDGF. In MYDGF-treated mice, the NF-\u03baB and MAPK pathways were partially inhibited. Our findings indicate that MYDGF could mitigate DSS-induced mice IBD by reducing inflammation and restoring epithelial integrity through regulation of intestinal macrophage polarization via NF-\u03baB and MAPK pathway inhibition. <\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Key messages<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n                  <jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:p>MYDGF alleviated DSS-induced acute colitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:p>MYDGF maintains colon epithelial barrier integrity and relieves inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:p>MYDGF regulates colon macrophage polarization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:list-item>\n                  <jats:list-item>\n                    <jats:p>MYDGF partially inhibited the activation of NF-\u03baB and MAPK pathway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:list-item>\n                <\/jats:list><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-024-02447-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]],"date-time":"2024-05-02T04:01:45Z","timestamp":1714622505000},"page":"875-886","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Myeloid-derived growth factor ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis by regulating macrophage polarization"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Conghui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Conglin","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhichao","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiujuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3955-7530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2447_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199109263251306","volume":"325","author":"DK Podolsky","year":"1991","unstructured":"Podolsky DK (1991) Inflammatory bowel disease (1). N Engl J Med 325:928\u2013937","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2447_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.05.013","volume":"73","author":"R He","year":"2019","unstructured":"He R, Li Y, Han C, Lin R, Qian W, Hou X (2019) L-Fucose ameliorates DSS-induced acute colitis via inhibiting macrophage M1 polarization and inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-kB activation. Int Immunopharmacol 73:379\u2013388","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"2447_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21403","volume":"17","author":"SY Salim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Salim SY, Soderholm JD (2011) Importance of disrupted intestinal barrier in inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 17:362\u2013381","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2447_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-019-00683-5","volume":"28","author":"G Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang G, Joel MDM, Yuan J, Wang J, Cai X, Ocansey DKW et al (2020) Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells alleviate inflammatory bowel disease by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation in neutrophils. Inflammopharmacology 28:603\u2013616","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"2447_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3661","volume":"14","author":"MF Neurath","year":"2014","unstructured":"Neurath MF (2014) Cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Immunol 14:329\u2013342","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2447_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izz126","volume":"26","author":"X Calvet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Calvet X, Saldana R, Carpio D, Minguez M, Vera I, Julia B et al (2020) Improving Quality of Care in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Through Patients\u2019 Eyes: IQCARO Project. Inflamm Bowel Dis 26:782\u2013791","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"2447_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.15523","volume":"50","author":"S Lam","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lam S, Zuo T, Ho M, Chan FKL, Chan PKS, Ng SC (2019) Review article: fungal alterations in inflammatory bowel diseases. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 50:1159\u20131171","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2447_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00671","volume":"10","author":"C Pagnini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pagnini C, Pizarro TT, Cominelli F (2019) Novel Pharmacological Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Beyond Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor. Front Pharmacol 10:671","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2447_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3778","volume":"21","author":"M Korf-Klingebiel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Korf-Klingebiel M, Reboll MR, Klede S, Brod T, Pich A, Polten F et al (2015) Myeloid-derived growth factor (C19orf10) mediates cardiac repair following myocardial infarction. Nat Med 21:140\u2013149","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2447_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5379","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13343-7","volume":"10","author":"R Ebenhoch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ebenhoch R, Akhdar A, Reboll MR, Korf-Klingebiel M, Gupta P, Armstrong J et al (2019) Crystal structure and receptor-interacting residues of MYDGF - a protein mediating ischemic tissue repair. Nat Commun 10:5379","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2447_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9100","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.44281","volume":"10","author":"Y Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang Y, Li Y, Feng J, Liu W, Li Y, Liu J et al (2020) MYDGF promotes Cardiomyocyte proliferation and Neonatal Heart regeneration. Theranostics 10:9100\u20139112","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"21","key":"2447_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eabe6903","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abe6903","volume":"7","author":"B Meng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Meng B, Li Y, Ding Y, Xu X, Wang L, Guo B et al (2021) Myeloid-derived growth factor inhibits inflammation and alleviates endothelial injury and atherosclerosis in mice. Sci Adv 7(21):eabe6903","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"key":"2447_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2021.06.004","volume":"12","author":"L Maasfeh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maasfeh L, Hartlova A, Isaksson S, Sundin J, Mavroudis G, Savolainen O et al (2021) Impaired Luminal Control of Intestinal Macrophage Maturation in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis During Remission. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 12:1415\u20131432","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2447_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-022-02352-x","volume":"20","author":"C Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang C, Wang J, Liu H, Huang R, Yan X, Song M et al (2022) Ketone body beta-hydroxybutyrate ameliorates colitis by promoting M2 macrophage polarization through the STAT6-dependent signaling pathway. BMC Med 20:148","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"2447_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(90)90290-H","volume":"98","author":"I Okayasu","year":"1990","unstructured":"Okayasu I, Hatakeyama S, Yamada M, Ohkusa T, Inagaki Y, Nakaya R (1990) A novel method in the induction of reliable experimental acute and chronic ulcerative colitis in mice. Gastroenterology 98:694\u2013702","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2447_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142735.im1525s104","volume":"104","author":"B Chassaing","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chassaing B, Aitken JD, Malleshappa M, Vijay-Kumar M (2014) Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Curr Protoc Immunol 104(1):5\u201325","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Immunol"},{"key":"2447_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6016","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i33.6016","volume":"23","author":"DD Eichele","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eichele DD, Kharbanda KK (2017) Dextran sodium sulfate colitis murine model: An indispensable tool for advancing our understanding of inflammatory bowel diseases pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 23:6016\u20136029","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2447_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-021-00781-7","volume":"43","author":"YY Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li YY, Wang XJ, Su YL, Wang Q, Huang SW, Pan ZF et al (2022) Baicalein ameliorates ulcerative colitis by improving intestinal epithelial barrier via AhR\/IL-22 pathway in ILC3s. Acta Pharmacol Sin 43:1495\u20131507","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"2447_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-022516-034339","volume":"79","author":"PJ Murray","year":"2017","unstructured":"Murray PJ (2017) Macrophage Polarization. Annu Rev Physiol 79:541\u2013566","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"2447_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-020-00761-z","volume":"29","author":"M Saleem","year":"2021","unstructured":"Saleem M, Iftikhar A, Asif M, Hussain K, Alamgeer Shah PA et al (2021) Asphodelus tenuifolius extracts arrested inflammation and arthritis through modulation of TNF-alpha, NF-kappaB, ILs, and COX-2 activities in in vivo models. Inflammopharmacol 29:483\u201397","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacol"},{"key":"2447_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.11.008","volume":"160","author":"A Kumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar A, Priyamvada S, Ge Y, Jayawardena D, Singhal M, Anbazhagan AN et al (2021) A Novel Role of SLC26A3 in the Maintenance of Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Integrity. Gastroenterology 160:1240-1255.e3","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2447_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2427","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-022-01084-x","volume":"30","author":"ETB Mohr","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohr ETB, Lubschinski TL, da Rosa JS, Vieira GN, Felisberto M, Romualdo RR et al (2022) The anti-inflammatory activity of 2-iminothiazolidines: evidence for macrophage repolarization. Inflammopharmacology 30:2427\u20132439","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"2447_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0615-6","volume":"13","author":"HS Bhatia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bhatia HS, Baron J, Hagl S, Eckert GP, Fiebich BL (2016) Rice bran derivatives alleviate microglia activation: possible involvement of MAPK pathway. J Neuroinflammation 13:148","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"2447_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118231","volume":"267","author":"C Guo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guo C, Guo D, Fang L, Sang T, Wu J, Guo C et al (2021) Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide modulates gut microbiota and immune cell function to inhibit inflammation and tumorigenesis in colon. Carbohydr Polym 267:118231","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym"},{"key":"2447_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.3.1593","volume":"170","author":"EE Tulin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tulin EE, Onoda N, Nakata Y, Maeda M, Hasegawa M, Nomura H et al (2003) SF20\/IL-25, a novel bone marrow stroma-derived growth factor that binds to mouse thymic shared antigen-1 and supports lymphoid cell proliferation. J Immunol 170:1593","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2447_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-004-4256-z","volume":"61","author":"P Wang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wang P, Mariman E, Keijer J, Bouwman F, Noben JP, Robben J et al (2004) Profiling of the secreted proteins during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation leads to the identification of novel adipokines. Cell Mol Life Sci 61:2405\u20132417","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"2447_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R30","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2145","volume":"9","author":"T Weiler","year":"2007","unstructured":"Weiler T, Du Q, Krokhin O, Ens W, Standing K, El-Gabalawy H et al (2007) The identification and characterization of a novel protein, c19orf10, in the synovium. Arthritis Res Ther 9:R30","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2447_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0172-4","volume":"16","author":"YR Na","year":"2019","unstructured":"Na YR, Stakenborg M, Seok SH, Matteoli G (2019) Macrophages in intestinal inflammation and resolution: a potential therapeutic target in IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 16:531\u2013543","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"2447_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2020.173090","volume":"877","author":"C Yunna","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yunna C, Mengru H, Lei W, Weidong C (2020) Macrophage M1\/M2 polarization. Eur J Pharmacol 877:173090","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"13","key":"2447_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6995","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22136995","volume":"22","author":"AJ Boutilier","year":"2021","unstructured":"Boutilier AJ, Elsawa SF (2021) Macrophage polarization states in the tumor microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 22(13):6995","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2447_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsb.2019.01.015","volume":"9","author":"F Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou F, Mei J, Han X, Li H, Yang S, Wang M et al (2019) Kinsenoside attenuates osteoarthritis by repolarizing macrophages through inactivating NF-kappaB\/MAPK signaling and protecting chondrocytes. Acta Pharm Sin B 9:973\u2013985","journal-title":"Acta Pharm Sin B"},{"key":"2447_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.842730","volume":"13","author":"LJ Huang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huang LJ, Wang YM, Gong LQ, Hu C, Gui Y, Zhang C et al (2022) N-Acetyldopamine Dimer Attenuates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis by Suppressing NF-kappaB and MAPK Pathways. Front Pharmacol 13:842730","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"2447_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115211","volume":"292","author":"X Lin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lin X, Guo X, Qu L, Tu J, Li S, Cao G et al (2022) Preventive effect of Atractylodis Rhizoma extract on DSS-induced acute ulcerative colitis through the regulation of the MAPK\/NF-kappaB signals in vivo and in vitro. J Ethnopharmacol 292:115211","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"2447_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114739","volume":"283","author":"S Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang S, Li F, Lu S, Ren L, Bian S, Liu M et al (2022) Ginseng root extract attenuates inflammation by inhibiting the MAPK\/NF-kappaB signaling pathway and activating autophagy and p62-Nrf2-Keap1 signaling in vitro and in vivo. J Ethnopharmacol 283:114739","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol"},{"key":"2447_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.002","volume":"152","author":"L Hu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hu L, Jin L, Xia D, Zhang Q, Ma L, Zheng H et al (2020) Nitrate ameliorates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis by regulating the homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota. Free Radic Biol Med 152:609\u2013621","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2447_CR36","first-page":"1567","volume":"12","author":"Q Niu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Niu Q, Yang Y, Li D, Guo W, Wang C, Xu H et al (2022) Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells alleviate ischemia-reperfusion injury and promote survival of skin flaps in rats. Life (Basel) 12(10):1567","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"}],"container-title":["Journal of Molecular Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00109-024-02447-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00109-024-02447-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00109-024-02447-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T06:02:16Z","timestamp":1719554536000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00109-024-02447-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["2447"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00109-024-02447-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0946-2716","1432-1440"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0946-2716"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1432-1440"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 October 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 March 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 May 2024","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The animal study protocol was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University (No. KQYY-202210-001).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}