{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T07:51:19Z","timestamp":1781423479835,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,10,1]],"date-time":"2005-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1128124800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Unfallchirurg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00113-005-1012-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,22]],"date-time":"2005-09-22T08:46:04Z","timestamp":1127378764000},"page":"829-842","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Versorgungsstrategien in der ersten operativen Phase nach Verletzung langer R\u00f6hrenknochen der unteren Extremit\u00e4t beim Polytrauma","Management strategies in the first operative phase after long-bone injury of the lower extremity in multiple-injured patients"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"108","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Rixen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Sauerland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H.-J.","family":"Oestern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Bouillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"1012_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(91)90170-I","volume":"162","author":"Alexander","year":"1991","unstructured":"Alexander J, Piotrowski J, Graham D, Franceschi D, King T (1991) Outcome of complex vascular and orthopaedic injuries of the lower extremity. Am J Surg 162: 111\u2013116","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"1012_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1839","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/56.18.1839","volume":"56","author":"American","year":"1999","unstructured":"American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (1999) Therapeutic guidelines on antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Am J Health Sys Pharm 56: 1839\u20131888","journal-title":"Am J Health Sys Pharm"},{"key":"1012_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s001130050292","volume":"101","author":"Auf","year":"1998","unstructured":"Auf\u2019m Kolk M, Neudeck F, Voggenreiter G, Schneider K, Obertacke U, Schmit-Neuerburg KP (1998) Einfluss der prim\u00e4ren Oberschenkelplattenosteosynthese auf den Verlauf polytraumatisierter Patienten mit und ohne Thoraxtrauma. Unfallchirurg 101: 433\u2013439","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"1012_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198904000-00011","volume":"241","author":"Bach","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bach AW, Hansen ST (1989) Plates vs. external fixation in severe open tibial shaft fractures \u2014 a randomized trial. Clin Orthop Relat Res 241: 89\u201394","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"1012_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.79B6.7740","volume":"79","author":"Bar-On","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bar-On G (1997) External fixation of flexible intramedullary nailing for femoral shaft fractures in children: a prospective, randomised study. J Bone Joint Surg Br 79: 975\u2013978","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"1012_CR6","first-page":"78","volume":"97","author":"Baumgaertel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Baumgaertel F, Gotzen L (1994) Die \u201ebiologische\u201c Plattenosteosynthese bei Mehrfragmentfrakturen des gelenknahen Femurs. Unfallchirurg 97: 78\u201384","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"1012_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199406000-00001","volume":"8","author":"Bennett","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bennett WF, Browner B (1994) Tibial plateau fractures: a study of associated soft tissue injuries. J Orthop Trauma 8: 183\u2013188","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"1012_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200001000-00002","volume":"14","author":"Bhandari","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bhandari M, Guyatt GH, Tong D, Adili A, Shaughnessy SG (2000) Reamed vs. non-reamed intramedullary nailing of lower extremity long bone fractures: a systematic overview and meta-analysis. J Orthop Trauma 14: 2\u20139","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"1012_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.83B1.10986","volume":"83","author":"Bhandari","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bhandari M, Guyatt GH, Swiontkowski MF, Schemitsch EH (2001) Treatment of open fractures of the shaft of the tibia. J Bone Joint Surg Br 83: 62\u201368","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"1012_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200309000-00004","volume":"85","author":"Bhandari","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bhandari M, Devereaux PJ, Swiontkowski MF et al. (2003) Internal fixation compared with arthroplasty for displaced fractures of the femoral neck. J Bone Joint Surg Am 85: 1673\u20131681","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"1012_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199608000-00002","volume":"10","author":"Bolhofner","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bolhofner BR, Carmen B, Clifford P (1996) The results of open reduction and internal fixation of distal femur fractures using biologic (indirect) reduction technique. J Orthop Trauma 10: 372\u2013377","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"1012_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199301000-00019","volume":"34","author":"Bonanni","year":"1993","unstructured":"Bonanni F, Rhodes M, Lucke J (1993) The futility of predictive scoring of mangled lower extremities. J Trauma 34: 99\u2013104","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"1012_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198808000-00023","volume":"28","author":"Bondurant","year":"1988","unstructured":"Bondurant FJ, Cotler HB, Buckle R, Miller-Crotchett P, Browner BD (1988) Medical and economic impact of severely injured lower extremities. J Trauma 28: 1270\u20131273","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"1012_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668060-00023","volume":"68","author":"Bone","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bone L, Buchholz R (1986) The management of fractures in the patient with multiple trauma. J Bone Joint Surg Am 68: 945\u2013949","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"1012_CR15","first-page":"91","volume":"318","author":"Bone","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bone LB, Babikian G, Stegemann PM (1995) Femoral canal reaming in the polytrauma patient with chest injury: A clinical perspective. Clin Orthop 318: 91\u201394","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"1012_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)90606-6","volume":"347","author":"Boxma","year":"1996","unstructured":"Boxma H, Broekhuizen T, Patka P, Oosting H (1996) Randomised controlled trial of single-dose antibiotic prophylaxis in surgical treatment of closed fractures: the Dutch Trauma Trial. Lancet 347: 1133\u20131137","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1012_CR17","first-page":"47","volume":"240","author":"Bray","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bray TJ, Endicott M, Capra SE (1989) Treatment of open ankle fractures: immediate internal fixation vs. closed immobilization and delayed fixation. Clin Orthop 240: 47\u201352","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"1012_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079601701106","volume":"17","author":"Brink","year":"1996","unstructured":"Brink O, Staunstrup H, Sommer J (1996) Stable lateral malleolar fractures treated with Aircast Ankle Brace and Don Joy R.O.M.-Walker Brace: A prospective randomized study. Foot Ankle Int 17: 679\u2013684","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"1012_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870100-00003","volume":"70","author":"Brumback","year":"1988","unstructured":"Brumback RJ, Uwagie-Ero S, Lakatos RP, Poka A, Bathon GH, Burgess AR (1988) Intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures, part II: Fracture-healing with static interlocking fixation. J Bone Joint Surg Am 70: 1453\u20131462","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"1012_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)31993-3","volume":"26","author":"Brumback","year":"1995","unstructured":"Brumback RJ, McGarvey WC (1995) Fractures of the tibial plafond: the pilon fracture. Evolving treatment concepts. Orthop Clin North Am 26: 273\u2013285","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"1012_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199911000-00005","volume":"81","author":"Brumback","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brumback RJ, ToalTR, Murphy-Zane MS, Novak VP, Belkoff SM (1999) Immediate weight-bearing after treatment of a comminuted fracture of the femoral shaft with a statically locked intramedullary nail. J Bone Joint Surg Am 81: 1538\u20131544","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"1012_CR22","first-page":"122","volume":"33","author":"Buckley","year":"1990","unstructured":"Buckley R, Huges G, Snodgrass T, Huchcroft SA (1990) Perioperative cefazolin prophylaxis in hip fracture surgery. Can J Surg 33: 122\u2013127","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"1012_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199705000-00009","volume":"338","author":"Buckley","year":"1997","unstructured":"Buckley SL (1997) Current trends in the treatment of femoral shaft fractures in children and adolescents. Clin Orthop 338: 60\u201373","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"1012_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1492","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199173100-00007","volume":"73","author":"Butler","year":"1991","unstructured":"Butler MS, Brumback RJ, Ellison TS, Poka A, Bathon GH, Burgess AR (1991) Interlocking intramedullary nailing for ipsilateral fractures of the femoral shaft and distal part of the femur. J Bone Joint Surg Am 73: 1492\u20131502","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"1012_CR25","first-page":"489","volume":"179","author":"Chilov","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chilov MN, Cameron ID, March LM (2003) Evidence-based guidelines for fixing broken hips: an update. MJA 179: 489\u2013493","journal-title":"MJA"},{"key":"1012_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(99)00074-1","volume":"30","author":"Chinoy","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chinoy MA, Parker MJ (1999) Fixed nail plates vs. sliding hip systems for the treatment of trochanteric femoral fractures: A meta analysis of 14 studies. Injury 30: 157\u2013163","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"1012_CR27","first-page":"538","volume":"66","author":"De","year":"1984","unstructured":"De Bastiani G (1984) The treatment of fractures with a dynamic axial fixator. J Bone Joint Surg Br 66: 538\u2013545","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"1012_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1988.01400270067010","volume":"123","author":"Dellinger","year":"1988","unstructured":"Dellinger EP, Caplan ES, Weaver LD et al. (1988) Duration of preventive antibiotic administation for open extremity fractures. Arch Surg 123: 333\u2013339","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"1012_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/s004020100342","volume":"122","author":"Dietrich","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dietrich A, Lill H, Engel T, Sch\u00f6nfelder M, Josten C (2002) Conservative functional treatment of ankle fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 122: 165\u2013168","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"1012_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(90)90121-A","volume":"21","author":"Dolk","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dolk T (1990) Operation in hip fracture patients \u2014 analysis of the time factor. Injury 21: 369\u2013372","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"1012_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/S1067-2516(09)80016-1","volume":"34","author":"Duchesneau","year":"1995","unstructured":"Duchesneau S, Falat LM (1995) The Maisonneuve fracture. J Foot Ankle Surg 34: 422\u2013428","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"key":"1012_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200105000-00037","volume":"50","author":"Dunham","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dunham CM, Bosse MJ, Clancy TV et al. (2001) Practice management guidlines for the optimal timing of long-bone fracture stabilzation in polytrauma patients: the EAST practice management guidelines work group. J Trauma 50: 958\u2013967","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"1012_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2004.07.031","volume":"36","author":"Forster","year":"2005","unstructured":"Forster MC, Aster AS, Ahmed S (2005) Reaming during anterograde femoral nailing: is it worth it? Injury 36: 445\u2013449","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"1012_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.85B4.14217","volume":"85","author":"Giannoudis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Giannoudis PV (2003) Surgical priorities in damage control in polytrauma. J Bone Joint Surg Br 85: 478\u2013483","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"1012_CR35","unstructured":"Gillespie WJ, Walenkamp G (2003) Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgery for proximal femoral and other closed long bone fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD0017207"},{"key":"1012_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1007\/s001130050578","volume":"103","author":"Grass","year":"2000","unstructured":"Grass R, Herzmann K, Biewener A, Zwipp H (2000) Verletzungen der unteren tibiofibularen Syndesmose. Unfallchirurg 103: 520\u2013532","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"1012_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s00113-001-0399-7","volume":"105","author":"Grass","year":"2002","unstructured":"Grass R, Biewener A, Endres T, Rammelt S, Barthel S, Zwipp H (2002) Klinische Erprobung des distalen Femurnagels. Unfallchirurg 105: 587\u2013594","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"1012_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198512000-00005","volume":"25","author":"Gregory","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gregory R, Randolph G, Peclet M et al. (1985) The mangled extremity syndrome (MES): a severity grading system for multisystem injury of the extremity. J Trauma 25: 1147\u20131150","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"1012_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(05)80324-X","volume":"9","author":"Guanche","year":"1993","unstructured":"Guanche CA, Markman AW (1993) Arthroscopic management of tibial plateau fractures. Arthroscopy 9: 467\u2013471","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"key":"1012_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199909000-00005","volume":"13","author":"Hedequist","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hedequist D, Starr AJ, Wilson P, Walker J (1999) Early vs. delayed stabilization of pediatric femur shaft fractures: analysis of 387 patients. J Orthop Trauma 13: 490\u2013493","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"1012_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199407000-00016","volume":"14","author":"Heinrich","year":"1994","unstructured":"Heinrich SD (1994) The operative stabilization of pediatric diaphyseal femur fractures with flexible intramedullary nails: a prospective analysis. J Pediatr Orthop 14: 501\u2013507","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"1012_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199010000-00007","volume":"30","author":"Henry","year":"1990","unstructured":"Henry SL, Ostermann PA, Seligson D (1990) The prophylactic use of antibiotic impregnated beads in open fractures. J Trauma 30: 1231\u20131238","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"1012_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199405000-00031","volume":"302","author":"Honkonen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Honkonen SE (1994) Indications for surgical treatment of tibial condyle fractures. Clin Orthop 302: 199\u2013205","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"1012_CR44","first-page":"205","volume":"53","author":"Howe","year":"1997","unstructured":"Howe HR, Poole GV, Hansen KJ, Clark T, Plonk GW, Koman LA, Pennell TC (1997) Salvage of lower extremity following combined orthopaedic and vascular trauma. A predictive salvage index. Am Surg 53: 205\u2013208","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"1012_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199005000-00007","volume":"30","author":"Johansen","year":"1990","unstructured":"Johansen K, Daines M, Howey T, Helfet D, Hansen ST (1990) Objective criteria accurately predict amputation following lower extremity trauma. J Trauma 30: 568\u2013573","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"1012_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-004-0778-y","volume":"125","author":"Krackhardt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Krackhardt T, Dilger J, Flesch I, Hontzsch D, Eingartner C, Weise K (2005) Fractures of the distal tibia treated with closed reduction and minimally invasive plating. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 125: 87\u201394","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"key":"1012_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-821X(05)80465-7","volume":"8","author":"Lazarides","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lazarides MK, Arvanitis DP, Kopadis GC, Tsoupanos SS, Dayantas JN (1994) Popliteal artery and trifurcation injuries: is it possible to predict the outcome? Eur J Vasc Surg 8: 226\u2013230","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"1012_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870060-00003","volume":"70","author":"Lhowe","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lhowe DW, Hansen ST (1988) Immediate nailing of open fractures of the femoral shaft. J Bone Joint Surg Am 70: 812\u2013820","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"1012_CR49","first-page":"Practice","volume":"group","author":"Luchette","year":"2000","unstructured":"Luchette FA, Bone LB, Born CT et al. (2000) EAST practice management Guidelines work group: Practice management guidelines for prophylactic antibiotic use in open fractures. http:\/\/www.east.org","journal-title":"EAST practice management Guidelines work"},{"key":"1012_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199401000-00003","volume":"76","author":"Lu-Yao","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lu-Yao GL, Keller RB, Littenberg B, Wennberg JE (1994) Outcomes after displaced fractures of the femoral neck: a metaanalysis of one hundred and six published reports. J Bone Joint Surg Am 76: 15\u201325","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"1012_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199404000-00001","volume":"8","author":"McNamara","year":"1994","unstructured":"McNamara MG, Heckman JD, Corley FG (1994) Severe open fractures of the lower extremity: a retrospective evaluation of the Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS). J Orthop Trauma 8: 81\u201387","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"1012_CR52","first-page":"594","volume":"21","author":"Mendelson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mendelson SA (2001) Early vs. late femoral fracture stabilization in multiply injured pediatric patients with closed head injury. J Pediatr Orthop 21: 594\u2013599","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"1012_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198704000-00010","volume":"27","author":"Moore","year":"1987","unstructured":"Moore TJ, Watson T, Green SA, Garland DE, Chandler RW (1987) Complications of surgically treated supracondylar fractures of the femur. J Trauma 27: 402\u2013406","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"1012_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-198702010-00001","volume":"1","author":"Moore","year":"1987","unstructured":"Moore TM, Patzakis MJ, Harvey JP (1987) Tibial plateau fractures: definition, demographics, treatment rationale, and long-term results of closed traction management or operative reduction. J Orthop Trauma 1: 97\u2013119","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"1012_CR55","first-page":"80","volume":"100","author":"Nast-Kolb","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nast-Kolb D (1997) Marknagelung beim Polytrauma. F\u00fcr und Wider der Fr\u00fchversorgung. Unfallchirurg 100: 80\u201384","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"1012_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1007\/s001130050336","volume":"101","author":"Neudeck","year":"1998","unstructured":"Neudeck F, Aufmkolk M, Voggenreiter G, Olivier LC, Majetschak M, Obertacke U (1998) Wieviel schwermehrfachverletzte Patienten k\u00f6nnen den Vorteil der Fr\u00fchbelastbarkeit nach Femurmarknagelung nutzen? Unfallchirurg 101: 769\u2013774","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"1012_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199404000-00011","volume":"8","author":"Ostermann","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ostermann PA, Neumann K, Ekkernkamp A, Muhr G (1994) Long-term results of unicondylar fractures of the femur. J Orthop Trauma 8: 142\u2013146","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"1012_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199509040-00002","volume":"9","author":"Ostrum","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ostrum RF, Geel C (1995) Indirect reduction and internal fixation of supracondylar femur fractures without bone graft. J Orthop Trauma 9: 278\u2013284","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"1012_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200009000-00006","volume":"14","author":"Ostrum","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ostrum RF, Agarwal A, Lakatos R, Poka A (2000) Prospective comparison of retrograd and antegrad femoral intramedullary nailing. J Orthop Trauma 14: 496\u2013501","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"1012_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1007\/s001130050495","volume":"102","author":"Pape","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pape H, Stalp M, Dahlweid M, Regel G, Tscherne H, Arbeitsgemeinschaft \u201ePolytrauma\u201c der Deutschen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Unfallchirurgie (1999) Welche prim\u00e4re Operationsdauer ist hinsichtlich eines \u201eBorderline-Zustandes\u201c polytraumatisierter Patienten vertretbar? Unfallchirurg 102: 861\u2013869","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"1012_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000075787.69695.4E","volume":"55","author":"Pape","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pape HC, van Griensven M, Sott AH et al. (2003) Impact of intramedullary instrumentation vs. damage control for femoral fractures on immunoinflammatory parameters: prospective randomized analysis by the EPOFF study group. J Trauma 55: 7\u201313","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"1012_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00113-003-0580-2","volume":"106","author":"Pape","year":"2003","unstructured":"Pape HC, Krettek C (2003) Frakturversorgung des Schwerverletzten \u2014 Einfluss des Prinzips der \u201everletzungsadaptierten Behandlungsstrategie\u201c (\u201edamage control orthopedic surgery\u201c). Unfallchirurg 106: 87\u201396","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"1012_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.74B2.1544952","volume":"74","author":"Parker","year":"1992","unstructured":"Parker MJ, Pryor GA (1992) The timing of surgery for proximal femoral fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br 74: 203\u2013205","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"1012_CR64","unstructured":"Parker MJ, Handoll HH, Bhonsle S, Gillespie WJ (2002) Condylocephalic nails vs. extramedullary implants for extracapsular hip fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD000338"},{"key":"1012_CR65","unstructured":"Parker MJ, Handoll HH, Chinoy MA (2002) Extramedullary fixation implants for extracapsular hip fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD000339"},{"key":"1012_CR66","unstructured":"Parker MJ, Handoll HH (2002) Gamma and other cephalocondylic intramedullary nails vs. extramedullary implants for extracapsular hip fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD000093"},{"key":"1012_CR67","unstructured":"Parker MJ, Handoll HH (2002) Replacement arthroplasty vs. internal fixation for extracapsular hip fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD000086"},{"key":"1012_CR68","unstructured":"Parker MJ, Stockton G (2002) Internal fixation implants for intracapsular proximal femoral fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD001467"},{"key":"1012_CR69","unstructured":"Parker MJ, Rajan D (2002) Arthroplasties (with and without bone cement) for proximal femoral fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev CD001706"},{"key":"1012_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.75B6.8245083","volume":"75","author":"Pell","year":"1993","unstructured":"Pell AC, Christie J, Keating JF, Sutherland GR (1993) The detection of fat embolism by transoesophageal echocardiography during reamed intramedullary nailing. A study of 24 patients with femoral and tibial fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br 75: 921\u2013925","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"1012_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198567010-00010","volume":"67","author":"Phillips","year":"1985","unstructured":"Phillips WA, Schwartz HS, Keller CS, Woodward HR, Rudd WS, Spiegel PG, Laros GS (1985) A prospective randomized study of the management of severe ankle fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 67: 67\u201378","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"1012_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.78B4.0780568","volume":"78","author":"Port","year":"1996","unstructured":"Port AM, McVie JL, Naylor G, Kreibbich DN (1996) Comparison of two conservative methods of treating an isolated fracture of the lateral malleolus. J Bone Joint Surg Br 78: 568\u2013572","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"1012_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2003.09.005","volume":"35","author":"Redfern","year":"2004","unstructured":"Redfern DJ, Syed SU, Davies SJ (2004) Fractures of the distal tibia: minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis. Injury 35: 615\u2013620","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"1012_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1007\/s001040050135","volume":"67","author":"Richter","year":"1996","unstructured":"Richter J, Langer C, Hahn JP, Josten C, Muhr G (1996) Ist die funktionell konservative Behandlung stabiler Au\u00dfenkn\u00f6chelfrakturen gerechtfertigt? Chirurg 67: 1255\u20131260","journal-title":"Chirurg"},{"key":"1012_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s001040050456","volume":"69","author":"Richter","year":"1998","unstructured":"Richter D, Hahn MP, Laun RA, Ekkernkamp A, Muhr G, Ostermann PAW (1998) Der Sprunggelenksnahe Unterschenkelbruch \u2014 ist die Osteosynthese mit ungebohrtem Marknagel ausreichend? Chirurg 69: 563\u2013570","journal-title":"Chirurg"},{"key":"1012_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s001040051092","volume":"71","author":"Richter","year":"2000","unstructured":"Richter J, Muhr G (2000) Sprunggelenksfrakturen des Erwachsenen. Chirurg 71: 489\u2013502","journal-title":"Chirurg"},{"key":"1012_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19920801-07","volume":"15","author":"Riemer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Riemer BL, Butterfield SL, Burke CJ, Mathews D (1992) Immediate plate fixation of highly comminuted femoral diaphyseal fractures in blunt polytrauma patients. Orthopedics 15: 907\u2013916","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"1012_CR78","first-page":"119","volume":"320","author":"Riemer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Riemer BL, Miranda MA, Butterfield SL, Burke CJ (1995) Nonreamed nailing of closed and minor open tibial fractures in patients with blunt polytrauma. Clin Orthop 320: 119\u2013124","journal-title":"Clin Orthop"},{"key":"1012_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rixen D, Grass G, Sauerland S et al. (2005) Evaluation of criteria for temporary external fixation in risk adapted damage control orthopedic surgery of femur shaft fractures in multiple trauma patients: \u201eEvidence based medicine\u201c vs. \u201ereality\u201c in the trauma registry of the German Trauma Society. J Trauma (in press)","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ta.0000198364.50334.39"},{"key":"1012_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1991.01410340085012","volume":"26","author":"Roessler","year":"1991","unstructured":"Roessler M, Wisner D, Holcroft W (1991) The mangled extremity. When to amputate? Arch Surg 26: 1243\u20131249","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"1012_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199105000-00013","volume":"213","author":"Russell","year":"1991","unstructured":"Russell W, Sailores D, Whittle T (1991) Limb salvage vs. traumatic amputation. Ann Surg 213: 473\u2013481","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"1012_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.71B4.2768307","volume":"71","author":"Sarmiento","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sarmiento A, Gersten LM, Sobol PA, Shankwiler JA, Vangsness CT (1989) Tibial shaft fractures treated with functional braces: experience with 780 fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br 71: 602\u2013609","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"key":"1012_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200004000-00006","volume":"48","author":"Scalea","year":"2000","unstructured":"Scalea TM, Boswell SA, Scott JD, Mitchell KA, Kramer ME, Pollak AN (2000) External fixation as a bridge to intramedullary nailing for patients with multiple injuries and with femur fractures: damage control orthopedics. J Trauma 48: 613\u2013623","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"1012_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-003-0954-0","volume":"19","author":"Schalamon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schalamon J, v Bismarck S, Schober PH, Hollwarth ME (2003) Multiple trauma in pediatric patients Pediatr Surg Int 19: 417\u2013423","journal-title":"Multiple trauma in pediatric patients Pediatr Surg Int"},{"key":"1012_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1007\/s001130050217","volume":"100","author":"Schmidtmann","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schmidtmann U, Knopp W, Wolff C, St\u00fcrmer KM (1997) Ergebnisse der elastischen Plattenosteosynthese einfacher Femurfrakturen beim Polytrauma. Unfallchirurg 100: 949\u2013956","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"1012_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s001130050021","volume":"103","author":"Smrke","year":"2000","unstructured":"Smrke D, Princic J (2000) Platten- und Schraubenosteosynthese bei Femurschaftfrakturen. Unfallchirurg 103: 110\u2013114","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"1012_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199601000-00004","volume":"40","author":"Starr","year":"1996","unstructured":"Starr AJ, Hunt JL, Rienhart CM (1996) Treatment of femur fractures with associated vascular injury. J Trauma 40: 17\u201321","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"1012_CR88","first-page":"392","volume":"98","author":"Stocker","year":"1995","unstructured":"Stocker R, Heinz T, Vecsei V (1995) Results of surgical management of distal femur fractures with joint involvement. Unfallchirurg 98: 392\u2013397","journal-title":"Unfallchirurg"},{"key":"1012_CR89","first-page":"774","volume":"60","author":"S","year":"1989","unstructured":"S\u00fcdkamp N, Haas N, Flory PJ, Tscherne H, Berger A (1989) Kriterien der Amputation, Rekonstruktion und Replantation von Extremit\u00e4ten bei Mehrfachverletzten. Chirurg 60: 774\u2013781","journal-title":"Chirurg"},{"key":"1012_CR90","first-page":"405","volume":"20","author":"Todd","year":"2000","unstructured":"Todd M (2000) Outcomes of external fixation of pediatric femoral shaft fractures. J Pediatr Orthop 20: 405\u2013410","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"1012_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.293.6556.1203","volume":"293","author":"Villar","year":"1986","unstructured":"Villar RN, Allen SM, Barnes SJ (1986) Hip fractures in healthy patients: operative delay vs. prognosis. BMJ 293: 1203\u20131204","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1012_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199704000-00012","volume":"11","author":"Weber","year":"1997","unstructured":"Weber TG, Harrington RM, Bradford Henley M, Tencer AF (1997) The role of fibular fixation in combined fractures of the tibia and fibula: a biomechanical investigation. J Orthop Trauma 11: 206\u2013211","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"1012_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199274080-00005","volume":"74","author":"Whittle","year":"1992","unstructured":"Whittle AP, Russell TA, Taylor JC, Lavelle DG (1992) Treatment of open fractures of the tibial shaft with the use of interlocking nailing without reaming. J Bone Joint Surg Am 74: 1162\u20131171","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"1012_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19981001-09","volume":"21","author":"Whorton","year":"1998","unstructured":"Whorton AM, Bradford Henley M (1998) The role of fixation of the fibula in open fractures of the tibial shaft with fractures of the ipsilateral fibula: indications and outcomes. Orthopedics 21: 1101\u20131105","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"key":"1012_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199402000-00010","volume":"36","author":"Wozasek","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wozasek GE, Simon P, Redl H, Schlag G (1994) Intramedullary pressure changes and fat intravasation during intramedullary nailing: An experimental study in sheep. J Trauma 36: 202\u2013207","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"1012_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199306000-00007","volume":"34","author":"Wu","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wu CC, Shih CH (1993) Complicated open fractures of the distal tibia treated by secondary interlocking nailing. J Trauma 34: 792\u2013796","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"1012_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199611000-00003","volume":"78","author":"Wyrsch","year":"1996","unstructured":"Wyrsch B, McFerran MA, McAndrew M, Limbird TJ, Harper MC, Johnson KD, Schwartz HS (1996) Operative treatment of fractures of the tibial plafond. A randomized, prospective study. J Bone Joint Surg Am 78: 1646\u20131657","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"1012_CR98","first-page":"149","volume":"23","author":"Young","year":"1994","unstructured":"Young MJ, Barrack RL (1994) Complications of internal fixation of tibial plateau fractures. Orthop Rev 23: 149\u2013154","journal-title":"Orthop Rev"},{"key":"1012_CR99","unstructured":"Y\u00fccel N, Lefering R, Raum M, Bouillon B, Rixen D, AG Polytrauma der DGU (2004) Multiple Femur- und Tibiaschaftfrakturen beim Schwerverletzten \u2014 \u201eEvidenz basierte Medizin\u201c vs. \u201eVersorgungsrealit\u00e4t\u201c im Traumaregister der Deutschen Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Unfallchirurgie. Abstract, Jahrestagung der DGU, Berlin, 20.10.2004, http:\/\/www.abstractserver.de\/dgoocdgu2004\/abstracts\/abs00369.htm"},{"key":"1012_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2005.01.012","volume":"36","author":"Zalavras","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zalavras C, Velmahos GC, Chan L, Demetriades D, Patzakis MJ (2005) Risk factors for respiratory failure following femoral fractures: the role of multiple intramedullary nailing. Injury 36: 751\u2013757","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"1012_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199209000-00009","volume":"6","author":"Zehntner","year":"1992","unstructured":"Zehntner MK, Marchesi DG, Burch H, Ganz R (1992) Alignment of supracondylar\/intracondylar fractures of the femur after internal fixation by AO\/ASIF technique. J Orthop Trauma 6: 318\u2013326","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"key":"1012_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.65B3.6841395","volume":"65","author":"Ziv","year":"1983","unstructured":"Ziv I, Rang M (1983) Treatment of femoral fracture in the child with head injury. J Bone Joint Surg Br 65: 276\u2013278","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"}],"container-title":["Der Unfallchirurg"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00113-005-1012-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00113-005-1012-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00113-005-1012-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T18:47:43Z","timestamp":1683226063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00113-005-1012-2"}},"subtitle":["Eine systematische Literatur\u00fcbersicht","A systematic literature review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]},"references-count":102,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00113-005-1012-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0177-5537","1433-044X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0177-5537","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-044X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,10]]}}}