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Nevertheless, empirical data about fears of animals in the Cradle of Humankind are still fragmentary.\u00a0To fill this gap, we examined which local animals are perceived as the most\u00a0frightening by Somali people, who inhabit a markedly similar environment and the region where humans have\u00a0evolved. We asked 236 raters to rank 42 stimuli according to their elicited fear. The stimuli were standardized pictures of species representing the local fauna. The results showed that the most frightening animals were snakes, scorpions, the centipede, and large carnivores (cheetahs and hyenas). These were followed up by lizards and spiders. Unlike in Europe, spiders represent less salient stimuli than scorpions for Somali respondents in this study. This conforms to the hypothesis suggesting that fear of spiders was extended or redirected from other chelicerates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-023-01859-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]],"date-time":"2023-07-05T09:02:32Z","timestamp":1688547752000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Animals evoking fear in the Cradle of Humankind: snakes, scorpions, and large carnivores"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"110","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1375-7972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Frynta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1810-8170","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan Sh Abdirahman","family":"Elmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate\u0159ina","family":"Rexov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7647-8148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark\u00e9ta","family":"Janovcov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7113-5648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronika","family":"Rudolfov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1019-0499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iveta","family":"\u0160tolhoferov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7930-1927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Kr\u00e1l","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4519-9677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Sommer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Alex","family":"Berti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9385-9743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Fr\u00fddlov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1859_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1007\/s10344-010-0484-8","volume":"57","author":"GY Abay","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abay GY, Bauer H, Gebrihiwot K, Deckers J (2011) Peri-urban spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) in Northern Ethiopia: diet, economic impact, and abundance. 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