{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:13:41Z","timestamp":1786979621656,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]],"date-time":"2025-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742860800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008375","name":"University of Basel","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008375","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sci Nat"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Plant surfaces are a major source of particles able to initiate ice formation in clouds little below 0\u00a0\u00b0C. Rainfall promotes the release of such ice-nucleating particles (INPs) from vegetation. However, the pattern of their release throughout rain events remains unexplored. Here, we investigate at a high temporal resolution INP dynamics in rain impacting and running off single leaflets of\n                    <jats:italic>Juglans regia<\/jats:italic>\n                    during two rain events and relate the results to total INP inventories on the leaflets. Throughout both events, leaf runoff was distinctly enriched in INPs as compared with rainwater. A large fraction of INPs washed off during rainfall was released already at the beginning of the events. Except for the highest temperature interval, less than 40% of detachable INPs from leaf surfaces had been removed after the rain events. We hypothesise that surfactant excretion of INP-producing bacteria shapes the observed pattern of release.\u00a0\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-025-01980-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,27]],"date-time":"2025-03-27T17:19:47Z","timestamp":1743095987000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Release of ice-nucleating particles from leaves during rainfall"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4821-5775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franz","family":"Conen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1316-5642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annika","family":"Einbock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"1980_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1111\/1462-2920.12437","volume":"16","author":"AY Burch","year":"2014","unstructured":"Burch AY, Zeisler V, Yokota K, Schreiber L, Lindow SE (2014) The hygroscopic biosurfactant syringafactin produced by Pseudomonas syringae enhances fitness on leaf surfaces during fluctuating humidity. Environ Microbiol 16:2086\u20132098. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1462-2920.12437","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"1980_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7533","DOI":"10.1039\/D1SC01146D","volume":"12","author":"M Cloutier","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cloutier M, Pr\u00e9vost M-J, Lavoie S et al (2021) Total synthesis, isolation, surfactant properties, and biological evaluation of ananatosides and related macrodilactone-containing rhamnolipids. Chem Sci 12:7533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D1SC01146D","journal-title":"Chem Sci"},{"key":"1980_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11065","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-17-11065-2017","volume":"17","author":"F Conen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Conen F, Eckhardt S, Gundersen H, Stohl A, Yttri KE (2017) Rainfall drives atmospheric ice-nucleating particles in the coastal climate of Southern Norway. 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