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It yielded a report of 50 volumes totaling nearly 30,000 pages\u2014a monumental result that remains unchallenged. Among its vast contributions are reports by Ernst Haeckel on previously unknown species of radiolarians and medusae, which stand out for their lasting influence on the taxonomy of marine organisms.\n                    <jats:italic>Atolla wyvillei<\/jats:italic>\n                    Haeckel, 1880 is among these newly described medusae, named in honor of Sir Charles Wyville Thomson, the chief scientist of the HMS Challenger. Housed in the holdings of the Phyletisches Museum Jena (PMJ), the type specimen of\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>wyvillei<\/jats:italic>\n                    is carefully reexamined and documented with high-resolution imaging here for the first time. Furthermore, previously unknown microscope slide sections of an additional syntype of\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic>wyvillei<\/jats:italic>\n                    are revealed. By directly comparing these primary physical preparations with Haeckel\u2019s published plates, this study provides empirical evidence to resolve long-standing historical debates regarding Haeckel\u2019s reliance on artistic interpretation or fleeting species descriptions. This physical reevaluation demonstrates that his illustrations were grounded in meticulous histological analysis, thereby providing an objective basis to reassess Haeckel\u2019s taxonomic legacy and safeguard primary type material for contemporary and future research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-026-02154-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T08:21:00Z","timestamp":1789374060000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Portrayal of the deep sea: Haeckel\u2019s Atolla wyvillei, the challenger expedition, and the boundaries of science and illustration"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0379-7137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernhard L.","family":"Bock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2154_CR1","volume-title":"Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America (Vol. 3)","author":"L Agassiz","year":"1860","unstructured":"Agassiz L (1860) Contributions to the natural history of the United States of America (Vol. 3). 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