{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T17:37:48Z","timestamp":1791049068525,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568851200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nervenarzt"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title><jats:p>Die Myasthenia gravis (MG) beruht auf einer durch Autoantik\u00f6rper (Ak) gegen Acetylcholinrezeptoren (AChR) bzw. andere Strukturproteine der neuromuskul\u00e4ren Endplatte verursachten neuromuskul\u00e4ren \u00dcberleitungsst\u00f6rung mit vorzeitiger Ersch\u00f6pfbarkeit und teils manifesten Paresen einschlie\u00dflich der bulb\u00e4ren und okul\u00e4ren Muskulatur. W\u00e4hrend die okul\u00e4re MG in der Regel zun\u00e4chst nur symptomatisch mit Acetylcholinesterasehemmern behandelt werden kann, erfordert die generalisierte MG eine Langzeitimmunsuppression. Der Thymus hat eine besondere Bedeutung in der Pathophysiologie der AChR-Ak-positiven MG, die als Paraneoplasie bei Thymomen auftreten kann. In dem Beitrag werden die Optionen der Basistherapie und der Eskalationsstufen bis hin zur Behandlung der myasthenen Krise mit Plasmaaustausch oder Immunglobulinen behandelt. Als neuer therapeutischer Ansatz bei der AChR-Ak-positiven MG steht mit Eculizumab ein Inhibitor der Komplementaktivierung f\u00fcr mit Immunsuppressiva schwer einstellbare Patienten zur Verf\u00fcgung.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-019-00798-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]],"date-time":"2019-09-19T13:02:31Z","timestamp":1568898151000},"page":"1055-1066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Myasthenia gravis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"M\u00fcllges","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Stoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"798_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2570","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1602678","volume":"375","author":"NE Gilhus","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gilhus\u00a0NE (2016) Myasthenia gravis. N\u00a0Eng J Med 375:2570\u20132581","journal-title":"N Eng J Med"},{"key":"798_CR2","unstructured":"https:\/\/myasthenia.org\/for-professionals\/resources-for-professionals"},{"key":"798_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-10-46","volume":"10","author":"AS Carr","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carr\u00a0AS, Cardwell\u00a0CR, McCarron\u00a0PO, Conville\u00a0J (2010) A systematic review of population based epidemiological studies in myasthenia gravis. BMC Neurol 10:46\u201356","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"798_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3109\/08916934.2015.1030614","volume":"48","author":"A Nacu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nacu\u00a0A, Anderson\u00a0JB, Lisnic\u00a0V, Owe\u00a0JF, Gilhus\u00a0NE (2015) Complicating autoimmune diseases in myasthenia gravis: a\u00a0review. Autoimmunity 48:362\u2013368","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"798_CR5","first-page":"255","volume":"86","author":"J Suh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Suh\u00a0J, Goldstein\u00a0JM, Nowak\u00a0RJ (2013) Clinical charakteristics of refractory myasthenia gravis. Yale J Biol Med 86:255\u2013260","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"798_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31827b907b","volume":"80","author":"F Baggi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baggi\u00a0F, Andreatta\u00a0F, Maggi\u00a0L et\u00a0al (2013) Complete stable remission and autoantibody specificity in myasthenia gravis. Neurology 80:188\u2013195","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"798_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2005.072355","volume":"77","author":"JF Owe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Owe\u00a0JF, Daltveit\u00a0AK, Gilhus\u00a0NE (2006) Causes of death among patients with myasthenia gravis in Norway 1951 and 2001. J\u00a0Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 77:203\u2013207","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"798_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175628641983224","DOI":"10.1177\/1756286419832242","volume":"12","author":"C Schneider-Gold","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schneider-Gold\u00a0C, Hagenacker\u00a0T, Melzer\u00a0N, Ruck\u00a0T (2018) Understanding the burden of refractary myasthenia gravis. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 12:1756286419832242","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"798_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175628561774913","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285617749134","volume":"11","author":"R Mantegazza","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mantegazza\u00a0R, Antozzi\u00a0C (2018) When myasthenia gravis is deemed refractory: clinical signposts and treatment strategies. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 11:1756285617749134","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"798_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1265964","volume":"37","author":"W M\u00fcllges","year":"2010","unstructured":"M\u00fcllges\u00a0W, Stoll\u00a0G (2010) Akuttherapie des Guillain-Barr\u00e9-Syndroms und der myasthenen Krise. Aktuelle Neurol 37:474\u2013484","journal-title":"Aktuelle Neurol"},{"key":"798_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.01.003","volume":"36","author":"M Al-Haidar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Al-Haidar\u00a0M, Benatar\u00a0M, Kaminski\u00a0HJ (2018) Ocular myasthenia. Neurol Clin 36:241\u2013251","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"798_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Besinger UA, Toyka KV, Heininger K et\u00a0al (1981) Long-term correlation of clinical course and acetylcholine receptor antibody in patients with myasthenia gravis. Ann NY Acad Sci 377:812\u2013813","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1981.tb33781.x"},{"key":"798_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12359","volume":"21","author":"E Kerty","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kerty\u00a0E, Elsais\u00a0A, Argov\u00a0Z, Evoli\u00a0A, Gilhus\u00a0NE (2014) EFNS\/EFN guidelines fort he treatment of ocular myasthenia. Eur J Neurol 21:687\u2013693","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"798_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.3109\/08916934.2015.1030614","volume":"48","author":"A Nacu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nacu\u00a0A, Andersen\u00a0JB, Lisnic\u00a0V, Owe\u00a0JF, Gilhus\u00a0NE (2015) Complicating autoimmune diseases in myasthenia gravis: a\u00a0review. Autoimmunity 48:362\u2013368","journal-title":"Autoimmunity"},{"key":"798_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2014.11.022","volume":"1852","author":"JC Ha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ha\u00a0JC, Richman\u00a0DP (2015) Myasthenia gravis and related disorders: pathology and molecular pathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta 1852:651\u2013657","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"798_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13522","author":"JF Howard Jr","year":"2017","unstructured":"Howard\u00a0JF Jr (2017) Myasthenia gravis: the role of complement at the neuromuscular junction. Ann Ny Acad Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nyas.13522","journal-title":"Ann Ny Acad Sci"},{"key":"798_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.007","volume":"12","author":"A Marx","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marx\u00a0A, Pfister\u00a0F, Schalke\u00a0B, Saruhan-Direskeneli\u00a0G, Melms\u00a0A, Str\u00f6bel\u00a0P (2013) The different roles of the thymus in the pathogenesis of the various myasthenia gravis subtypes. Autoimmun Rev 12:875\u2013884","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"798_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.62.3.442","volume":"62","author":"F Romi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Romi\u00a0F, Skeie\u00a0GO, Gilhus\u00a0NE, Aarli\u00a0JA (2016) Striatonal antibodies in myasthenia ravis: reactivity and possible clinical significance. Arch Neurol 62:442\u2013446","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"798_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2013.03.002","volume":"12","author":"P Zisimopoulou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zisimopoulou\u00a0P, Brenner\u00a0T, Trakas\u00a0N, Tzartos\u00a0SJ (2013) Serological diagnostics in myasthenia gravis based on novel assays and recently identified antigens. Autoimmun Rev 12:924\u2013930","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"798_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.22006","volume":"44","author":"JT Guptill","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guptill\u00a0JT, Sanders\u00a0DB, Evoli\u00a0A (2011) Anti-MusK antibody myasthenia gravis. Clinical findings and response to treatment in two large cohorts. Muscle Nerve 44:36\u201340","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"798_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000596","volume":"31","author":"R Mantegazza","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mantegazza\u00a0R, Bernasconi\u00a0P, Cavalcante\u00a0P (2018) Myasthenia gravis: from autoantibodies to therapy. Curr Opin Neurol 31:517\u2013525","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"798_CR22","first-page":"976","volume":"82","author":"C Gasperi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gasperi\u00a0C, Melms\u00a0A, Schoder\u00a0B et al (2014) Anti-agrin autoantibodies in myasthenia gravis. Baillieres Clin Neurol 82:976\u20131983","journal-title":"Baillieres Clin Neurol"},{"key":"798_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-118410","volume":"45","author":"S Kohler","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kohler\u00a0S, Meisel\u00a0A (2018) Das Lambert-Eaton-Myasthenie Syndrom. Aktuelle Neurol 45:298\u2013304","journal-title":"Aktuelle Neurol"},{"key":"798_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199710)20:10<1284::AID-MUS11>3.0.CO;2-3","volume":"20","author":"RA Maselli","year":"1997","unstructured":"Maselli\u00a0RA, Ellis\u00a0W, Mandler\u00a0RN (1997) Cluster of wound botulism in california: clinical, electrophysiologic, and pathologic study. Muscle Nerve 20:1284\u20131295","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"798_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30392-2","volume":"18","author":"GI Wolfe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wolfe\u00a0GI, Kaminski\u00a0HJ, Aban\u00a0IB, Minisman\u00a0G, Kuo\u00a0HC et al (2019) Long-term effect of thymectomy plus prednisone versus prednisone alone in patients with non-thymomatous myasthenia gravis: 2\u2011year extension oft he MGTX randomized trial. Lancet Neurol 18:259\u2013268","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"798_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26404","volume":"59","author":"KM Clifford","year":"2019","unstructured":"Clifford\u00a0KM, Hobson-Webb\u00a0LD, Benatar\u00a0M, Burns\u00a0TM, Barnett\u00a0C et al (2019) Thymectomy may not be associated with clinical improvement in MuSK myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 59:404\u2013410","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"798_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2018.12.007","volume":"29","author":"GM Comacchio","year":"2019","unstructured":"Comacchio\u00a0GM, Marulli\u00a0G, Mammana\u00a0M, Natale\u00a0G, Schiavon\u00a0M, Rea\u00a0F (2019) Surgical decision making: thymoma and myasthenia gravis. Thorac Surg Clin 29:203\u2013213","journal-title":"Thorac Surg Clin"},{"key":"798_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.13059","volume":"10","author":"M Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao\u00a0M, Yin\u00a0J, Yang\u00a0X et al (2019) Nomogram to predict thymoma prognosis: a\u00a0population-based study of 1312 cases. Thorac Cancer 10:1167\u20131175","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"key":"798_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002790","volume":"87","author":"DB Sanders","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sanders\u00a0DB, Wolfe\u00a0GI, Benatar\u00a0M et\u00a0al (2016) International consensus guidance for management of myasthenia gravis: executive summary. Neurology 87:419\u2013425","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"798_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13501","volume":"412","author":"M Benatar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Benatar\u00a0M, Howard\u00a0JF, Barohn\u00a0R, Wolfe\u00a0GI, Cutter\u00a0G (2018) Learning from the past: reflections on recently completed myasthenia gravis trials. Ann NY Acad Sci 412:5\u201311","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"798_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-125141","volume":"45","author":"PP Urban","year":"2018","unstructured":"Urban\u00a0PP, Jacobi\u00a0C, Jander\u00a0S (2018) Therapiestandards und individualisierte Therapie der Myasthenia gravis. Aktuelle Neurol 45:253\u2013623","journal-title":"Aktuelle Neurol"},{"key":"798_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24769","volume":"53","author":"M Banatar","year":"2016","unstructured":"Banatar\u00a0M, McDermott\u00a0MP, Sanders\u00a0DB et\u00a0al (2016) Efficiacy of prednisone for the treatment of ocular myasthenia(EPITOME): a\u00a0randomized, controlled trial. Muscle Nerve 53:363\u2013369","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"798_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1778","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.50.6.1778","volume":"50","author":"J Palace","year":"1998","unstructured":"Palace\u00a0J, Newsom-Davis, Lecky\u00a0B (1998) A randomized double-blind trial of prednisolone alone or with azathioprine in myasthenia gravis. Neurology 50:1778\u20131783","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"798_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.08.040","volume":"149","author":"JD Sanderson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sanderson\u00a0JD (2015) TPMT testing before starting azathioprine: surely just do it? Gastroenterology 149:850\u2013853","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"798_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.24608","volume":"51","author":"TM Burns","year":"2015","unstructured":"Burns\u00a0TM, Sanders\u00a0DB, Kaminski\u00a0HJ, Wolfe\u00a0GI, Narayaswami\u00a0P, Venitz\u00a0J (2015) Two Steps forward, one step back: mycophenolate treatment for myasthenia gravis in the United States. Muscle Nerve 51:635\u2013637","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"798_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00145-3","volume":"14","author":"NE Gilhus","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gilhus\u00a0NE, Verschuuren\u00a0JJ (2015) Myasthenia gravis: subgroup classification ad therapeutic strategies. Lancet Neurol 14:1023\u20131036","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"798_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26156","volume":"58","author":"G Beecher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Beecher\u00a0G, Anderson\u00a0D, Siddiqi\u00a0ZA (2018) Rituximab in refractory myasthenia gravs: extended prospective study results. Muscle Nerve 58:452\u2013455","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"798_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.25597","volume":"56","author":"R Tandan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tandan\u00a0R, Hehir\u00a0MK, Waheed\u00a0W, Howard\u00a0DB (2017) Rituximab treatment of myasthenia gravis: a\u00a0systematic review. Muscle Nerve 56:185\u2013196","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"798_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09191-6","volume":"266","author":"R Topakian","year":"2019","unstructured":"Topakian\u00a0R, Zimprich\u00a0F, Iglseder\u00a0S et\u00a0al (2019) High efficiacy of rituximab for myasthenia gravis: a\u00a0comprehensive nationwide study in Austria. J\u00a0Neurol 266:699\u2013706","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"798_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30369-1","volume":"16","author":"JF Howard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Howard\u00a0JF, Utsugisawa\u00a0K, Benatar\u00a0M et al (2017) REGAIN: a\u00a0randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study to evaluate the safety and efficiacy of eculizumab in patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor-positive refractory generalized myasthenia gravis. Lancet Neurol 16:976\u2013986","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"798_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muppidi\u00a0S, Utsugisawa\u00a0K, Benatar\u00a0M, Murai\u00a0H, Barohn\u00a0RJ et al (2019) Long-term safety and efficiacy of eculizumab in generalized myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.26447"},{"key":"798_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0624-9397","volume":"86","author":"S Wenninger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wenninger\u00a0S, Schoser\u00a0B (2018) Myasthenia gravis: aktuelle Antik\u00f6rperdiagnostik und Aspekte zum therapierefrakt\u00e4ren Verlauf. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 86:551\u2013558","journal-title":"Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr"},{"key":"798_CR43","volume-title":"Stellungnahme zur Therapie mit Eculizumab im Erwachsenenalter","author":"A Meisel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Meisel\u00a0A, Schalke\u00a0B, Henze\u00a0T et\u00a0al (2018) Stellungnahme zur Therapie mit Eculizumab im Erwachsenenalter. https\/:\/ www.dgn.org\/images\/re_news\/pdf\/171211"},{"key":"798_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e31821e5505","volume":"76","author":"D Barth","year":"2011","unstructured":"Barth\u00a0D, Nabavi Nouri\u00a0M, Nwe\u00a0P, Bril\u00a0V et\u00a0al (2011) Comparison of IVIg and PLEX in patients with myasthenia gravis. Neurology 76:2017\u20132023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"798_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-9987.2009.00751.x","volume":"14","author":"JF Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu\u00a0JF, Wang\u00a0WX, Xue\u00a0J, Zhao\u00a0CB, You\u00a0HZ, Lu\u00a0JH, Gu\u00a0Y (2010) Comparing the autoantibody levels and clinical efficacy of double filtration plasmapheresis, immunoadsorption, and intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of late-onset myasthenia gravis. Ther Apher Dial 14:153\u2013160","journal-title":"Ther Apher Dial"},{"key":"798_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002277.pub4","author":"P Gajdos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gajdos\u00a0P, Chevret\u00a0S et\u00a0al (2008) Intravenous immunoglobulin for myasthenia gravis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD002277.pub4","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"798_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(01)00330-7","volume":"117","author":"R Gold","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gold\u00a0R, Buttgereit\u00a0F, Toyka\u00a0KV (2001) Mechanism of action of glucocorticosteroid hormones: possible implications for therapy of neuroimmunological disorders. J\u00a0Neuroimmunol 117:1\u20138","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"798_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.01.005","volume":"36","author":"J Hamel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hamel\u00a0J, Ciafaloni\u00a0E (2018) Myasthenia gravis and pregnancy. Neurol Clin 36:355\u2013365","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"},{"key":"798_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2005.01.002","volume":"121","author":"S Ferrero","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ferrero\u00a0S, Pretta\u00a0S, Nicoletti\u00a0A et\u00a0al (2005) Myasthenia gravis: management issues in pregnancy. Eur J Obst Gynecol Reproduct Biol 121:129\u2013138","journal-title":"Eur J Obst Gynecol Reproduct Biol"},{"key":"798_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ncl.2018.09.003","volume":"37","author":"J Waters","year":"2019","unstructured":"Waters\u00a0J (2019) Management of myasthenia gravis in pregnancy. Neurol Clin 37:113\u2013120","journal-title":"Neurol Clin"}],"container-title":["Der Nervenarzt"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00115-019-00798-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00115-019-00798-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00115-019-00798-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T13:54:40Z","timestamp":1695218080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00115-019-00798-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}},"alternative-id":["798"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00115-019-00798-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-2804","1433-0407"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-2804","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-0407","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 September 2019","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien"}},{"value":"Gem\u00e4\u00df den Richtlinien des Springer Medizin Verlags werden Autoren und Wissenschaftliche Leitung im Rahmen der Manuskripterstellung und Manuskriptfreigabe aufgefordert, eine vollst\u00e4ndige Erkl\u00e4rung zu ihren finanziellen und nichtfinanziellen Interessen abzugeben.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Interessenkonflikt"}},{"value":"<b>W.\u00a0Muellges:<\/b> A.\u00a0Finanzielle Interessen: Referentenhonorar oder Kostenerstattung als passiver Teilnehmer: Rednerhonorare: Alexion, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim | Reisekosten: Diverse Krankenh\u00e4user, DGN, DGKN, DIVI, DGNI. \u2013 B.\u00a0Nichtfinanzielle Interessen: Bayerischer Beamter, Oberarzt UK W\u00fcrzburg | Mitgliedschaften: DGN, DGNI, DGKN, DEGUM, DGNB, Schatzmeister der DGNI. <b>G.\u00a0Stoll:<\/b> A.\u00a0Finanzielle Interessen: Referentenhonorar oder Kostenerstattung als passiver Teilnehmer: Klinikum Chemnitz, Vortrag Immunvermittelte Neuropathien (2016), Alexion, Vortrag ANIM W\u00fcrzburg zur Myasthenia Gravis (2018), Alexion, Leitung und Vortrag NeuroCircle, Aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Neuroimmunologie, W\u00fcrzburg (2018), European Academy of Neurology, R\u00fcckerstattung von Reise- und \u00dcbernachtungskosten als Mitglied des Scientific Programme Committee. \u2013 Beratung, Alexion: Myasthenia gravis, Verlauf und Therapie | Advisory Board und Beratung, Boehringer Ingelheim: Antidots f\u00fcr die direkten Antikoagulanzien | Beratung, CSL-Behring: Behandlung des Akuten Schlaganfalls. \u2013 B.\u00a0Nichtfinanzielle Interessen: Stellvertretender Klinikdirektor Neurologische Universit\u00e4tsklinik W\u00fcrzburg | Mitglied im Scientific Programme Committee der European Academy of Neurology, Wien.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Autoren"}},{"value":"Die vollst\u00e4ndige Erkl\u00e4rung zum Interessenkonflikt der Wissenschaftlichen Leitung finden Sie am Kurs der zertifizierten Fortbildung auf.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Wissenschaftliche Leitung"}},{"value":"erkl\u00e4rt, dass f\u00fcr die Publikation dieser CME-Fortbildung keine Sponsorengelder an den Verlag flie\u00dfen.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Der Verlag"}},{"value":"F\u00fcr diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgef\u00fchrt. F\u00fcr die aufgef\u00fchrten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Der Verlag"}}]}}