{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:27:43Z","timestamp":1791876463187,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635984000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nervenarzt"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Zusammenfassung<\/jats:title><jats:p>Kernpunkt der Klassifikation neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen ist der histopathologische Nachweis von Ablagerungen bestimmter Proteine im Gehirn. Hierbei unterscheiden sich die verschiedenen Krankheitsentit\u00e4ten sowohl hinsichtlich der Art der nachweisbaren Proteine als auch hinsichtlich der Konfiguration und Lokalisation der entsprechenden Proteinaggregate. Gemeinsames Kernmerkmal der als Synukleinopathien zusammengefassten Erkrankungen sind Ablagerungen des Proteins \u03b1\u2011Synuklein (ASYN). Die bekanntesten Erkrankungen dieses Spektrums sind die Parkinson-Krankheit (PK) mit neuronalem Nachweis von Lewy-K\u00f6rperchen, die Demenz vom Lewy-K\u00f6rper-Typ (DLK) mit zus\u00e4tzlichem Nachweis von \u03b2\u2011Amyloid-Ablagerungen sowie die seltene Multisystematrophie (MSA) mit glialem Nachweis sog. Papp-Lantos-K\u00f6rperchen. Da neben der diagnostischen mittlerweile auch die zentrale pathophysiologische Bedeutung des ASYN erwiesen ist, fokussiert sich die Entwicklung neuer Therapien aktuell auf die Beeinflussung der toxischen Wirkung dieses Proteins. Die verschiedenen Therapiekonzepte lassen sich grob in sechs Gruppen zusammenfassen: 1.\u00a0die Verringerung der ASYN-Expression (Antisense-Therapie), 2.\u00a0die Verhinderung der Bildung toxischer ASYN-Aggregate (Antiaggregativa, Chelatoren), 3.\u00a0das Aufl\u00f6sen bzw. die Beseitigung intra- oder extrazellul\u00e4rer toxischer ASYN-Aggregate (aktive und passive Immuntherapie, Antiaggregativa), 4.\u00a0die Verst\u00e4rkung zellul\u00e4rer Abr\u00e4ummechanismen (Autophagie, lysosomale Mikrophagie) zur Beseitigung toxischer Formen von \u03b1\u2011Synuklein, 5.\u00a0die Modulation neuroinflammatorischer Prozesse sowie 6.\u00a0neuroprotektive Strategien. In diesem Artikel fassen wir die aktuellen Therapieentwicklungen zusammen und geben einen Ausblick auf vielversprechende zuk\u00fcnftige Therapieans\u00e4tze.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-021-01220-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T15:02:52Z","timestamp":1636038172000},"page":"1249-1259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Neuroprotektive Therapien bei idiopathischen, genetischen und atypischen Parkinson-Syndromen mit \u03b1-Synuklein\u00a0\u2013 Pathologie","Neuroprotective treatment of idiopathic, genetic and atypical Parkinson\u2019s disease with alpha-synuclein\u2014Pathology"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"Johannes","family":"Levin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"N\u00fcbling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Armin","family":"Giese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Janzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Oertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"1220_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102944","volume":"59","author":"D Alarcon-Aris","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alarcon-Aris\u00a0D, Pavia-Collado\u00a0R, Miquel-Rio\u00a0L et al (2020) Anti-alpha-synuclein ASO delivered to monoamine neurons prevents alpha-synuclein accumulation in a\u00a0Parkinson\u2019s disease-like mouse model and in monkeys. EBioMedicine 59:102944","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"1220_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)31585-4","volume":"390","author":"D Athauda","year":"2017","unstructured":"Athauda\u00a0D, Maclagan\u00a0K, Skene\u00a0SS et al (2017) Exenatide once weekly versus placebo in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a\u00a0randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 390:1664\u20131675","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1220_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10324","volume":"477","author":"T Bartels","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bartels\u00a0T, Choi\u00a0JG, Selkoe\u00a0DJ (2011) Alpha-synuclein occurs physiologically as a\u00a0helically folded tetramer that resists aggregation. Nature 477:107\u2013110","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1220_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1202753","volume":"367","author":"RJ Bateman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bateman\u00a0RJ, Xiong\u00a0C, Benzinger\u00a0TL et\u00a0al (2012) Clinical and biomarker changes in dominantly inherited Alzheimer\u2019s disease. N\u00a0Engl J Med 367:795\u2013804","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1220_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00065-9","volume":"24","author":"H Braak","year":"2003","unstructured":"Braak\u00a0H, Del Tredici\u00a0K, Rub\u00a0U et\u00a0al (2003) Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Aging 24:197\u2013211","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"1220_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2011.03.046","volume":"585","author":"M Caruana","year":"2011","unstructured":"Caruana\u00a0M, Hogen\u00a0T, Levin\u00a0J et al (2011) Inhibition and disaggregation of alpha-synuclein oligomers by natural polyphenolic compounds. Febs Lett 585:1113\u20131120","journal-title":"Febs Lett"},{"key":"1220_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)17103-1","volume":"364","author":"MC Chartier-Harlin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Chartier-Harlin\u00a0MC, Kachergus\u00a0J, Roumier\u00a0C et al (2004) Alpha-synuclein locus duplication as a\u00a0cause of familial Parkinson\u2019s disease. Lancet 364:1167\u20131169","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"1220_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e135633","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.135633","volume":"6","author":"TA Cole","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cole\u00a0TA, Zhao\u00a0H, Collier\u00a0TJ et al (2021) \u03b1\u2011Synuclein antisense oligonucleotides as a disease-modifying therapy for Parkinson\u2019s disease. JCI Insight 6(5):e135633. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci.insight.135633","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"issue":"4","key":"1220_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.4.1953","volume":"114","author":"DT Dexter","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dexter\u00a0DT, Carayon\u00a0A, Javoy-Agid\u00a0F et al (1991) Alterations in the levels of iron, ferritin and other trace metals in Parkinson\u2019s disease and other neurodegenerative diseases affecting the basal ganglia. Brain 114(4):1953\u20131975","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1220_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/s40478-017-0456-2","volume":"5","author":"DI Finkelstein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Finkelstein\u00a0DI, Billings\u00a0JL, Adlard\u00a0PA et al (2017) The novel compound PBT434 prevents iron mediated neurodegeneration and alpha-synuclein toxicity in multiple models of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 5:53","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol Commun"},{"key":"1220_CR11","volume-title":"Parkinson Syndrome und andere Bewegungsst\u00f6rungen","author":"WH Oertel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oertel\u00a0WH, Deuschl\u00a0G, Poewe\u00a0W (2020) Parkinson Syndrome und andere Bewegungsst\u00f6rungen. Thieme, Stuttgart"},{"key":"1220_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/s13041-020-00613-5","volume":"13","author":"VV Goloborshcheva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goloborshcheva\u00a0VV, Chaprov\u00a0KD, Teterina\u00a0EV et al (2020) Reduced complement of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of mice with a\u00a0constitutive \u201elow footprint\u201c genetic knockout of alpha-synuclein. Mol Brain 13:75","journal-title":"Mol Brain"},{"key":"1220_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0298-106","volume":"18","author":"R Kruger","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kruger\u00a0R, Kuhn\u00a0W, Muller\u00a0T et al (1998) Ala30Pro mutation in the gene encoding alpha-synuclein in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Nat Genet 18:106\u2013108","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"1220_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-2011-11040","volume":"1","author":"J Levin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Levin\u00a0J, Hogen\u00a0T, Hillmer\u00a0AS et al (2011) Generation of ferric iron links oxidative stress to alpha-synuclein oligomer formation. J\u00a0Parkinsons Dis 1:205\u2013216","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"1220_CR15","first-page":"61","volume":"113","author":"J Levin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Levin\u00a0J, Kurz\u00a0A, Arzberger\u00a0T et\u00a0al (2016) The differential diagnosis and treatment of atypical Parkinsonism. Dtsch Arztebl Int 113:61\u201369","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"1220_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-014-1265-3","volume":"127","author":"J Levin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Levin\u00a0J, Schmidt\u00a0F, Boehm\u00a0C et\u00a0al (2014) The oligomer modulator anle138b inhibits disease progression in a\u00a0Parkinson mouse model even with treatment started after disease onset. Acta Neuropathol 127:779\u2013780","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"1220_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1746","volume":"14","author":"JY Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li\u00a0JY, Englund\u00a0E, Holton\u00a0JL et al (2008) Lewy bodies in grafted neurons in subjects with Parkinson\u2019s disease suggest host-to-graft disease propagation. Nat Med 14:501\u2013503","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"1220_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806720106","volume":"106","author":"Y Li","year":"2009","unstructured":"Li\u00a0Y, Perry\u00a0T, Kindy\u00a0MS et al (2009) GLP\u20111 receptor stimulation preserves primary cortical and dopaminergic neurons in cellular and rodent models of stroke and Parkinsonism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S\u00a0A 106:1285\u20131290","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1220_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00424","volume":"10","author":"A Lieberman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lieberman\u00a0A, Lockhart\u00a0TE, Olson\u00a0MC et\u00a0al (2019) Nicotine Bitartrate reduces falls and freezing of gait in parkinson disease: a reanalysis. Front Neurol 10:424","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"1220_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000009323","volume":"94","author":"IG Mckeith","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mckeith\u00a0IG, Ferman\u00a0TJ, Thomas\u00a0AJ et\u00a0al (2020) Research criteria for the diagnosis of prodromal dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurology 94:743\u2013755","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1220_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.28218","volume":"35","author":"WG Meissner","year":"2020","unstructured":"Meissner\u00a0WG, Traon\u00a0AP, Foubert-Samier\u00a0A et al (2020) A phase 1 randomized trial of specific active alpha-synuclein immunotherapies PD01A and PD03A in multiple system atrophy. Mov Disord 35:1957\u20131965","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1220_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00176-9","volume":"20","author":"MG Miglis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miglis\u00a0MG, Adler\u00a0CH, Antelmi\u00a0E et al (2021) Biomarkers of conversion to alpha-synucleinopathy in isolated rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder. Lancet Neurol 20:671\u2013684","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1220_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4215","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.RA118.005723","volume":"294","author":"H Mohammad-Beigi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mohammad-Beigi\u00a0H, Aliakbari\u00a0F, Sahin\u00a0C et al (2019) Oleuropein derivatives from olive fruit extracts reduce alpha-synuclein fibrillation and oligomer toxicity. J\u00a0Biol Chem 294:4215\u20134232","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1220_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.5528","volume":"71","author":"MA Schwarzschild","year":"2014","unstructured":"Parkinson Study Group SURE-PD Investigators, Schwarzschild\u00a0MA, Ascherio\u00a0A et al (2014) Inosine to increase serum and cerebrospinal fluid urate in Parkinson disease: a\u00a0randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol 71:141\u2013150","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"1220_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.7326\/M19-2534","volume":"172","author":"Parkinson Study Group STEADY-PD III Investigators","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parkinson Study Group STEADY-PD III Investigators (2020) Isradipine versus placebo in early parkinson disease: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 172:591\u2013598","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"1220_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-212594","volume":"11","author":"W Poewe","year":"2021","unstructured":"Poewe\u00a0W, Volc\u00a0D, Seppi\u00a0K et al (2021) Safety and tolerability of active immunotherapy targeting alpha-synuclein with PD03A in patients with early parkinson\u2019s disease: a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1 study. J\u00a0Parkinsons Dis 11:1079\u20131089","journal-title":"J Parkinsons Dis"},{"key":"1220_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004568","volume":"89","author":"RB Postuma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Postuma\u00a0RB, Anang\u00a0J, Pelletier\u00a0A et al (2017) Caffeine as symptomatic treatment for parkinson disease (Cafe-PD): a randomized trial. Neurology 89:1795\u20131803","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1220_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16165","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-34490-9","volume":"8","author":"DL Price","year":"2018","unstructured":"Price\u00a0DL, Koike\u00a0MA, Khan\u00a0A et al (2018) The small molecule alpha-synuclein misfolding inhibitor, NPT200-11, produces multiple benefits in an animal model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Sci Rep 8:16165","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1220_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.27710","volume":"34","author":"GM Riboldi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Riboldi\u00a0GM, Palma\u00a0JA, Cortes\u00a0E et al (2019) Early-onset pathologically proven multiple system atrophy with LRRK2 G2019S mutation. Mov Disord 34:1080\u20131082","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"1220_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2015.09.009","volume":"82","author":"EM Rocha","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rocha\u00a0EM, Smith\u00a0GA, Park\u00a0E et al (2015) Glucocerebrosidase gene therapy prevents alpha-synucleinopathy of midbrain dopamine neurons. Neurobiol Dis 82:495\u2013503","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"1220_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1616152114","volume":"114","author":"SP Sardi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sardi\u00a0SP, Viel\u00a0C, Clarke\u00a0J et\u00a0al (2017) Glucosylceramide synthase inhibition alleviates aberrations in synucleinopathy models. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S\u00a0A 114:2699\u20132704","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1220_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2317-6","volume":"585","author":"M Schweighauser","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schweighauser\u00a0M, Shi\u00a0Y, Tarutani\u00a0A et al (2020) Structures of alpha-synuclein filaments from multiple system atrophy. Nature 585:464\u2013469","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1220_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-1984-7","volume":"578","author":"M Shahnawaz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shahnawaz\u00a0M, Mukherjee\u00a0A, Pritzkow\u00a0S et al (2020) Discriminating alpha-synuclein strains in Parkinson\u2019s disease and multiple system atrophy. Nature 578:273\u2013277","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1220_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6469","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.11.6469","volume":"95","author":"MG Spillantini","year":"1998","unstructured":"Spillantini\u00a0MG, Crowther\u00a0RA, Jakes\u00a0R et al (1998) Alpha-Synuclein in filamentous inclusions of Lewy bodies from Parkinson\u2019s disease and dementia with lewy bodies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S\u00a0A 95:6469\u20136473","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1220_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4.001","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.92.15_supplement.S4.001","volume":"92","author":"D Stamler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stamler\u00a0D, Bradbury\u00a0M, Wong\u00a0C et al (2019) A first in human study of PBT434, a\u00a0novel small molecule inhibitor of \u03b1\u2011synuclein aggregation (S4.001). Neurology 92:S4.001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1220_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14704","volume":"150","author":"L Stefanis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stefanis\u00a0L, Emmanouilidou\u00a0E, Pantazopoulou\u00a0M et al (2019) How is alpha-synuclein cleared from the cell? J\u00a0Neurochem 150:577\u2013590","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"1220_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3119","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02327-8","volume":"58","author":"L Streubel-Gallasch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Streubel-Gallasch\u00a0L, Giusti\u00a0V, Sandre\u00a0M et al (2021) Parkinson\u2019s disease-associated LRRK2 interferes with astrocyte-mediated alpha-synuclein clearance. Mol Neurobiol 58:3119\u20133140","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"1220_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14810","volume":"150","author":"D Sulzer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sulzer\u00a0D, Edwards\u00a0RH (2019) The physiological role of alpha-synuclein and its relationship to Parkinson\u2019s disease. J\u00a0Neurochem 150:475\u2013486","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"1220_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13474","volume":"25","author":"G Villafane","year":"2018","unstructured":"Villafane\u00a0G, Thiriez\u00a0C, Audureau\u00a0E et al (2018) High-dose transdermal nicotine in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients: a\u00a0randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint evaluation phase 2\u00a0study. Eur J Neurol 25:120\u2013127","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"1220_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(20)30136-8","volume":"19","author":"D Volc","year":"2020","unstructured":"Volc\u00a0D, Poewe\u00a0W, Kutzelnigg\u00a0A et al (2020) Safety and immunogenicity of the alpha-synuclein active immunotherapeutic PD01A in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease: a\u00a0randomised, single-blinded, phase 1 trial. Lancet Neurol 19:591\u2013600","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"1220_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1042\/BST20160238","volume":"45","author":"M Volta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Volta\u00a0M, Melrose\u00a0H (2017) LRRK2 mouse models: dissecting the behavior, striatal neurochemistry and neurophysiology of PD pathogenesis. Biochem Soc Trans 45:113\u2013122","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"1220_CR42","unstructured":"Oertel W et al (2021) The NIC-PD-study\u2014a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multi-centre trial to assess the disease-modifying potential of transdermal nicotine in early parkinson\u2019s disease in Germany and N. America. Abstract at the International Congress of Parkinson\u2019s disease and Movement Disorders, Hongkong, 2018"},{"key":"1220_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-013-1114-9","volume":"125","author":"J Wagner","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wagner\u00a0J, Ryazanov\u00a0S, Leonov\u00a0A et al (2013) Anle138b: a\u00a0novel oligomer modulator for disease-modifying therapy of neurodegenerative diseases such as prion and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Acta Neuropathol 125:795\u2013813","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"1220_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-019-02023-x","volume":"138","author":"M Wegrzynowicz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wegrzynowicz\u00a0M, Bar-On\u00a0D, Calo\u00a0L et al (2019) Depopulation of dense alpha-synuclein aggregates is associated with rescue of dopamine neuron dysfunction and death in a\u00a0new Parkinson\u2019s disease model. Acta Neuropathol 138:575\u2013595","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"1220_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3217","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aww238","volume":"139","author":"W Wrasidlo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wrasidlo\u00a0W, Tsigelny\u00a0IF, Price\u00a0DL et al (2016) A de novo compound targeting alpha-synuclein improves deficits in models of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain 139:3217\u20133236","journal-title":"Brain"}],"container-title":["Der Nervenarzt"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00115-021-01220-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00115-021-01220-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00115-021-01220-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T14:05:44Z","timestamp":1726063544000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00115-021-01220-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1220"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00115-021-01220-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-2804","1433-0407"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-2804","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-0407","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 October 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 November 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien"}},{"value":"J.\u00a0Levin erh\u00e4lt Verg\u00fctungen f\u00fcr Vortr\u00e4ge von Bayer Vital, Biogen und Roche, ein Beraterhonorar von Axon Neuroscience, ein Autorenhonorar von Thieme und der W.\u00a0Kohlhammer GmbH, nicht-finanzielle Unterst\u00fctzung von Abbvie und eine Verg\u00fctung f\u00fcr seine T\u00e4tigkeit als Chief Medical Officer (Teilzeit) f\u00fcr MODAG. A.\u00a0Giese erh\u00e4lt eine Verg\u00fctung f\u00fcr seine T\u00e4tigkeit als wissenschaftlicher Gesch\u00e4ftsf\u00fchrer f\u00fcr MODAG. A.\u00a0Janzen und G.\u00a0N\u00fcbling geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. W.\u00a0Oertel wurde durch Forschungsf\u00f6rderungen vom ParkinsonFonds Deutschland, der Michael\u00a0J Fox Foundation und der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) w\u00e4hrend der Erstellung dieses Artikels \u2013\u00a0doch ausserhalb dieser Augabe\u00a0\u2013 unterst\u00fctzt. Weiterhin erhielt er f\u00fcr Beratert\u00e4tigkeiten und\/oder wissenschaftliche Vortr\u00e4ge Verg\u00fctungen von den Firmen Adamas, MODAG, Roche und UCB und ein Autorenhonorar vom Thieme Verlag und ist Hertie-Senior-Forschungs-Professor und wird von der Gemein\u00fctzigen Hertie-Stiftung, Frankfurt\/Main unterst\u00fctzt.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Interessenkonflikt"}},{"value":"F\u00fcr diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgef\u00fchrt. F\u00fcr die aufgef\u00fchrten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Interessenkonflikt"}}]}}