{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T15:08:47Z","timestamp":1788448127630,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636588800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636588800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Nervenarzt"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-021-01225-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]],"date-time":"2021-11-11T22:09:41Z","timestamp":1636668581000},"page":"223-233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Schnell wirksame Antidepressiva\u00a0\u2013 neurobiologische Wirkprinzipien","Rapid-acting antidepressants\u2014neurobiological mechanisms of action"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Gass","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei N.","family":"Vasilescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dragos","family":"Inta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"1225_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-979354","volume":"31","author":"WM Abi-Saab","year":"1998","unstructured":"Abi-Saab\u00a0WM, D\u2019Souza\u00a0DC, Moghaddam\u00a0B et al (1998) The NMDA antagonist model for schizophrenia: promise and pitfalls. Pharmacopsychiatry 31(Suppl 2):104\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-2007-979354","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"1225_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10130","volume":"475","author":"AE Autry","year":"2011","unstructured":"Autry\u00a0AE, Adachi\u00a0M, Nosyreva\u00a0E et\u00a0al (2011) NMDA receptor blockade at rest triggers rapid behavioural antidepressant responses. Nature 475:91\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature10130","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1225_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-3223(99)00230-9","volume":"47","author":"RM Berman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Berman\u00a0RM, Cappiello\u00a0A, Anand\u00a0A et\u00a0al (2000) Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients. Biol Psychiatry 47:351\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0006-3223(99)00230-9","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1225_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.176","volume":"21","author":"FR Carreno","year":"2016","unstructured":"Carreno\u00a0FR, Donegan\u00a0JJ, Boley\u00a0AM et al (2016) Activation of a\u00a0ventral hippocampus-medial prefrontal cortex pathway is both necessary and sufficient for an antidepressant response to ketamine. Mol Psychiatry 21:1298\u20131308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/mp.2015.176","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1225_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.01.034","volume":"184","author":"PC Casarotto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Casarotto\u00a0PC, Girych\u00a0M, Fred\u00a0SM et\u00a0al (2021) Antidepressant drugs act by directly binding to TRKB neurotrophin receptors. Cell 184:1299\u20131313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2021.01.034","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1225_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105682","volume":"169","author":"S Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen\u00a0S, Gao\u00a0L, Li\u00a0X et\u00a0al (2021) Allopregnanolone in mood disorders: mechanism and therapeutic development. Pharmacol Res 169:105682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105682","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"issue":"10128","key":"1225_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32802-7","volume":"391","author":"A Cipriani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cipriani\u00a0A, Furukawa\u00a0AT, Salanti\u00a0G et al (2018) Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a\u00a0systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet 391(10128):1357\u20131366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32802-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1225_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830190015002","volume":"54","author":"RS Duman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Duman\u00a0RS, Heninger\u00a0GR, Nestler\u00a0EJ (1997) A molecular and cellular theory of depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54:597\u2013606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830190015002","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"1225_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0400-x","volume":"24","author":"RS Duman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Duman\u00a0RS, Shinohara\u00a0R, Foga\u00e7a\u00a0MV et al (2019) Neurobiology of rapid-acting antidepressants: convergent effects on GluA1-synaptic function. Mol Psychiatry 24:1816\u20131832. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-019-0400-x","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1225_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159x1304150831121909","volume":"13","author":"N Dusi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dusi\u00a0N, Barlati\u00a0S, Vita\u00a0A et\u00a0al (2015) Brain structural effects of antidepressant treatment in major depression. Curr Neuropharmacol 13(4):458\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1570159x1304150831121909","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"1225_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2020.11.002","volume":"145","author":"ME Frizzo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Frizzo\u00a0ME, Ohno\u00a0YJ (2021) Perisynaptic astrocytes as a\u00a0potential target for novel antidepressant drugs. Pharmacol Sci 145:60\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jphs.2020.11.002","journal-title":"Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"1225_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-020-05719-1","volume":"238","author":"NL Galv\u00e3o-Coelho","year":"2021","unstructured":"Galv\u00e3o-Coelho\u00a0NL, Marx\u00a0W, Gonzalez\u00a0M et al (2021) Classic serotonergic psychedelics for mood and depressive symptoms: a\u00a0meta-analysis of mood disorder patients and healthy participants. Psychopharmacology 238:341\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-020-05719-1","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"23","key":"1225_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8649","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1323920111","volume":"111","author":"ES Gideons","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gideons\u00a0ES, Kavalali\u00a0ET, Monteggia\u00a0LM (2014) Mechanisms underlying differential effectiveness of memantine and ketamine in rapid antidepressant responses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S\u00a0A 111(23):8649\u20138654. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1323920111","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1225_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2911","volume":"11","author":"GE Hardingham","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hardingham\u00a0GE, Bading\u00a0H (2010) Synaptic versus extrasynaptic NMDA receptor signalling: implications for neurodegenerative disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci 11:682\u2013696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2911","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"1225_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.113935","volume":"177","author":"K Hashimoto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hashimoto\u00a0K (2020) Molecular mechanisms of the rapid-acting and long-lasting antidepressant actions of (R)-ketamine. Biochem Pharmacol 177:113935. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.113935","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1225_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.120.000149","volume":"73","author":"JN Highland","year":"2021","unstructured":"Highland\u00a0JN, Zanos\u00a0P, Riggs\u00a0LM et\u00a0al (2021) Hydroxynorketamines: pharmacology and potential therapeutic applications. Pharmacol Rev 73(2):763\u2013791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/pharmrev.120.000149","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"1225_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.07.015","volume":"109","author":"JR Homberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Homberg\u00a0JR, Adan\u00a0RAH, Alenina\u00a0N et\u00a0al (2021) The continued need for animals to advance brain research. Neuron 109:2374\u20132379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2021.07.015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1225_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.05.015","volume":"106","author":"ET Kavalali","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kavalali\u00a0ET, Monteggia\u00a0LM (2020) Targeting homeostatic synaptic plasticity for treatment of mood disorders. Neuron 106:715\u2013726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.05.015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1225_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1038\/nature07455","volume":"455","author":"V Krishnan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Krishnan\u00a0V, Nestler\u00a0EJ (2008) The molecular neurobiology of depression. Nature 455:894\u2013902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature07455","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1225_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-020-01110-5","volume":"271","author":"GC Leal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Leal\u00a0GC, Bandeira\u00a0ID, Correia-Melo\u00a0FS et al (2021) Intravenous arketamine for treatment-resistant depression: open-label pilot study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 271:577\u2013582. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00406-020-01110-5","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"1225_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1190287","volume":"329","author":"N Li","year":"2010","unstructured":"Li\u00a0N, Lee\u00a0B, Liu\u00a0RJ et al (2010) mTOR-dependent synapse formation underlies the rapid antidepressant effects of NMDA antagonists. Science 329:959\u2013964. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1190287","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1225_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.05.022","volume":"23","author":"C Ly","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ly\u00a0C, Greb\u00a0AC, Cameron\u00a0LP et\u00a0al (2021) Psychedelics promote structural and functional neural plasticity. Cell Rep 23:3170\u20133182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.05.022","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"1225_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.05.028","volume":"63","author":"S Maeng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maeng\u00a0S, Zarate\u00a0CA Jr, Du\u00a0J et al (2008) Cellular mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of ketamine: role of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid receptors. Biol Psychiatry 63(4):349\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.05.028","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1225_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eaat8078","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat8078","volume":"364","author":"RN Moda-Sava","year":"2019","unstructured":"Moda-Sava\u00a0RN, Murdock\u00a0MH, Parekh\u00a0PK et al (2019) Sustained rescue of prefrontal circuit dysfunction by antidepressant-induced spine formation. Science 364:eaat8078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aat8078","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1225_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(02)00653-0","volume":"34","author":"EJ Nestler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nestler\u00a0EJ, Barrot\u00a0M, DiLeone\u00a0RJ et\u00a0al (2002) Neurobiology of depression. Neuron 34:13\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0896-6273(02)00653-0","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1225_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2011.08.008","volume":"100","author":"MJ Niciu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Niciu\u00a0MJ, Kelmendi\u00a0B, Sanacora\u00a0G (2012) Overview of glutamatergic neurotransmission in the nervous system. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 100:656\u2013664. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbb.2011.08.008","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"1225_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-072120-014126","volume":"17","author":"LM Riggs","year":"2021","unstructured":"Riggs\u00a0LM, Gould\u00a0TD (2021) Ketamine and the future of rapid-acting antidepressants. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 17:207\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-072120-014126","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1225_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.11.008","volume":"44","author":"NK Savalia","year":"2021","unstructured":"Savalia\u00a0NK, Shao\u00a0LX, Kwan\u00a0AC (2021) A dendrite-focused framework for understanding the actions of ketamine and psychedelics. Trends Neurosci 44:260\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2020.11.008","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"1225_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2018.11.007","volume":"24","author":"ST Wilkinson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wilkinson\u00a0ST, Sanacora\u00a0G (2019) A new generation of antidepressants: an update on the pharmaceutical pipeline for novel and rapid-acting therapeutics in mood disorders based on glutamate\/GABA neurotransmitter systems. Drug Discov Today 24:606\u2013615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drudis.2018.11.007","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"1225_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25509","volume":"554","author":"Y Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang\u00a0Y, Cui\u00a0Y, Sang\u00a0K et\u00a0al (2018) Ketamine blocks bursting in the lateral habenula to rapidly relieve depression. Nature 554:317\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature25509","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1225_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17998","volume":"533","author":"P Zanos","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zanos\u00a0P, Moaddel\u00a0R, Morris\u00a0PJ et al (2016) NMDAR inhibition-independent antidepressant actions of ketamine metabolites. Nature 533:481\u2013486. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature17998","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Der Nervenarzt"],"original-title":[],"language":"de","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00115-021-01225-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00115-021-01225-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00115-021-01225-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T13:28:09Z","timestamp":1646400489000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00115-021-01225-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]}},"alternative-id":["1225"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00115-021-01225-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0028-2804","1433-0407"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0028-2804","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-0407","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 October 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 November 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Einhaltung ethischer Richtlinien"}},{"value":"A.N.\u00a0Vasilescu und D.\u00a0Inta geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht. P.\u00a0Gass erhielt Honorare f\u00fcr Vortr\u00e4ge und Beratungst\u00e4tigkeiten von Janssen, Otsuka und Recordati.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Interessenkonflikt"}},{"value":"F\u00fcr diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgef\u00fchrt. F\u00fcr die aufgef\u00fchrten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Interessenkonflikt"}}]}}