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Vielversprechende Befunde zu verschiedenen Therapieans\u00e4tzen mit Psychedelika, wie Lysergs\u00e4urediethylamid (LSD) und Psilocybin, und Dissoziativa, wie Ketamin und Esketamin, haben in den letzten Jahren bei Forscher:innen, Kliniker:innen und Patient:innen gro\u00dfe Hoffnungen geweckt, sodass bereits von einer Zeitenwende in der Psychiatrie die Rede war. Als eine der ersten dieser Substanzen wurde intranasales Esketamin im Dezember 2019 in den USA und der EU f\u00fcr die Behandlung der therapieresistenten Depressionen zugelassen, die Schweiz zog 2020 nach. Psilocybin kann seit kurzem in Australien, Kanada und der Schweiz in Ausnahmef\u00e4llen f\u00fcr die Depressionsbehandlung eingesetzt werden, w\u00e4hrend derzeit gro\u00dfe Zulassungsstudien mit verschiedenen Psychedelika weltweit auf dem Weg sind. Psychedelika und Ketamin\/Esketamin gelten in der medizinischen Anwendung als sicher. Doch wie bei jeder neuen Therapie ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung, neben den Hoffnungen auch die spezifischen Herausforderungen dieser neuen Therapieans\u00e4tze sorgf\u00e4ltig zu betrachten und zu beurteilen. \u00dcberh\u00f6hte Erwartungen und eine unzureichende Risiko-Nutzen-Absch\u00e4tzung schaden den Patient:innen und dem Ansehen der Behandelnden. W\u00e4hrend bereits von einem m\u00f6glichen Paradigmenwechsel in der psychischen Gesundheitsversorgung gesprochen wird, soll in dieser \u00dcberblicksarbeit der Fokus bewusst auf die m\u00f6glichen Risiken der Behandlung und die methodischen Schw\u00e4chen bisheriger Studien gerichtet werden.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00115-024-01727-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T06:02:51Z","timestamp":1724824971000},"page":"803-810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Psychedelika und Dissoziativa in der Psychiatrie: Herausforderungen in der Behandlung","Psychedelic and dissociative agents in psychiatry: challenges in the treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Johannes","family":"Jungwirth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Bavato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boris B.","family":"Quednow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1727_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aday JS, Horton D, Fernandes-Osterhold G et\u00a0al (2024) Psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy: where is the psychotherapy research? 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