{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:58:14Z","timestamp":1786118294974,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/deed.de"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/deed.de"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Rostock"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Radiologie"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We retrospectively determined imaging characteristics of primary tumors of the ribs in conventional radiography (CR), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 124 patients with 179 primary tumors of the ribs were included and analyzed for morphologic features in CR, CT, and MRI including localization, tumor size and extension, lytic or sclerotic appearance, and signal characteristics. In addition to epidemiological data, clinical parameters such as comorbidity, tobacco consumption, and local pain symptoms were collected from all patients. The data collected were grouped into subcollectives and statistically analyzed concerning distinctive features between malignant and benign tumors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The majority of primary tumors of the rib were benign (74%), without significant differences in gender distribution. Lesions in patients with a\u00a0history of smoking and lesions causing local pain had a\u00a0higher risk of malignancy. Regarding localization, there was no significant difference between benign and malignant lesions. Primary malignant tumors were larger on average, showed an osteolytic and infiltrative growth pattern, and were associated with pathological fractures more frequently. Sclerotic bone lesions and marginal sclerosis of osteolytic lesions were more common in benign tumors. Contrast enhancement and T1-\/T2-weighted MRI signals could not differentiate between malignant and benign lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In addition to imaging characteristics that reliably contribute to the assessment of the biological behavior of a\u00a0primary rib tumor, there are features that overlap in benign and malignant lesions. Radiological assessment of the risk of malignancy of a\u00a0primary rib tumor seems particularly successful when CR, CT, and MRI are combined and used in conjunction with clinical presentation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00117-026-01648-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T15:42:37Z","timestamp":1786030957000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Imaging characteristics of primary rib tumors","Bildgebungsmerkmale prim\u00e4rer Rippentumoren"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Cantr\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Germann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Schieffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans-Ulrich","family":"Kauczor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claus Peter","family":"Heu\u00dfel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Bruckner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc-Andr\u00e9","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1648_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2005.12.005","volume":"61","author":"EK Hughes","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hughes\u00a0EK, James\u00a0SL, Butt\u00a0S et\u00a0al (2006) Benign primary tumours of the ribs. Clin Radiol 61:314\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.crad.2005.12.005","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"1648_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diii.2013.05.006","volume":"94","author":"H Zarqane","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zarqane\u00a0H, Viala\u00a0P, Dallaudiere\u00a0B et\u00a0al (2013) Tumors of the rib. Diagn Interv Imaging 94:1095\u20131108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.diii.2013.05.006","journal-title":"Diagn Interv Imaging"},{"key":"1648_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1007\/s00117-017-0231-1","volume":"57","author":"F Wunnemann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wunnemann\u00a0F, Rehnitz\u00a0C, Weber\u00a0MA (2017) Incidental findings in musculoskeletal radiology. Radiologie 57:286\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00117-017-0231-1","journal-title":"Radiologe"},{"key":"1648_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-003-1902-z","volume":"13","author":"K Woertler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Woertler\u00a0K (2003) Benign bone tumors and tumor-like lesions: value of cross-sectional imaging. Eur Radiol 13:1820\u20131835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00330-003-1902-z","journal-title":"Eur Radiol"},{"key":"1648_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560050451","volume":"27","author":"DS Chang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chang\u00a0DS, Rafii\u00a0M, McGuinness\u00a0G et\u00a0al (1998) Primary multifocal tuberculous osteomyelitis with involvement of the ribs. Skeletal Radiol 27:641\u2013645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002560050451","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"key":"1648_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s00117-019-00635-8","volume":"60","author":"KM Thierfelder","year":"2020","unstructured":"Thierfelder\u00a0KM, Niendorf\u00a0S, Gerhardt\u00a0JS et\u00a0al (2020) Bone tumors and metastases: tips for initial diagnosis and follow-up : Update 2019. Radiologie 60:169\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00117-019-00635-8","journal-title":"Radiologe"},{"key":"1648_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.236015526","volume":"23","author":"U Tateishi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tateishi\u00a0U, Gladish\u00a0GW, Kusumoto\u00a0M et\u00a0al (2003) Chest wall tumors: radiologic findings and pathologic correlation: part 1. Benign tumors. Radiographics 23:1477\u20131490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.236015526","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"1648_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.236015527","volume":"23","author":"U Tateishi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tateishi\u00a0U, Gladish\u00a0GW, Kusumoto\u00a0M et\u00a0al (2003) Chest wall tumors: radiologic findings and pathologic correlation: part 2. Malignant tumors. Radiographics 23:1491\u20131508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/rg.236015527","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"issue":"3","key":"1648_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1016\/j.path.2017.04.006","volume":"10","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang\u00a0Y, Rosenbwerg\u00a0AE (2017) Bone-Forming Tumors. Surg Pathol Clin 10(3):513\u2013535. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.path.2017.04.006","journal-title":"Surg Pathol Clin"},{"key":"1648_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s00117-021-00943-y","volume":"62","author":"MA Weber","year":"2022","unstructured":"Weber\u00a0MA, Baur-Melnyk\u00a0A (2022) Radiological diagnosis of multiple myeloma : Role of imaging and the current S3 guideline. Radiologie 62:35\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00117-021-00943-y","journal-title":"Radiologe"},{"key":"1648_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)43411-9","volume":"52","author":"A Ochsner Jr","year":"1966","unstructured":"Ochsner\u00a0A Jr, Lucas\u00a0GL, McFarland\u00a0GB Jr (1966) Tumors of the thoracic skeleton. Review of 134 cases. J\u00a0Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 52:311\u2013321","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"1648_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1007\/s001170170144","volume":"41","author":"A Heuck","year":"2001","unstructured":"Heuck\u00a0A, St\u00e4bler\u00a0A, W\u00f6rtler\u00a0K et\u00a0al (2001) Benign bone-forming tumors. Radiologie 41(7):540\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s001170170144","journal-title":"Radiologe"},{"issue":"5","key":"1648_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.0003","volume":"327","author":"AJ Cowan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cowan\u00a0AJ, Green\u00a0DJ, Kwok\u00a0M et\u00a0al (2022) Diagnosis and Management of Multiple Myeloma: A Review. JAMA 327(5):464\u2013477. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2022.0003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1648_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4065\/78.1.21","volume":"78","author":"RA Kyle","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kyle\u00a0RA, Gertz\u00a0MA, Witzig\u00a0TE et\u00a0al (2003) Review of 1027 patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Mayo Clin Proc 78:21\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4065\/78.1.21","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"1648_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1606130","volume":"21","author":"R Lalam","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lalam\u00a0R, Bloem\u00a0JL, Noebauer-Huhmann\u00a0IM et\u00a0al (2017) ESSR Consensus Document for Detection, Characterization, and Referral Pathway for Tumors and Tumorlike Lesions of Bone. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 21:630\u2013647. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0037-1606130","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"key":"1648_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-77984-1","volume-title":"Imaging of Bone Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions","author":"AMSM Davies","year":"2009","unstructured":"Davies\u00a0AMSM, James\u00a0SLJ (2009) Imaging of Bone Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions. Springer Berlin, Heidelberg https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-540-77984-1"},{"key":"1648_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.39.2.125","volume":"39","author":"S Sabanathan","year":"1984","unstructured":"Sabanathan\u00a0S, Chen\u00a0K, Robertson\u00a0CS et\u00a0al (1984) Aneurysmal bone cyst of the rib. Thorax 39:125\u2013130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/thx.39.2.125","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"1648_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1675804","volume":"23","author":"M Lunkiewicz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lunkiewicz\u00a0M, Anderson\u00a0S, Havakeshian\u00a0S et\u00a0al (2019) Practical Input on Bone Tumor Imaging: Pathological Fracture, Risk Features, and When to Contact Orthopaedics. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 23(1):19\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0038-1675804","journal-title":"Semin Musculoskelet Radiol"},{"issue":"5S","key":"1648_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacr.2020.01.038","volume":"17","author":"JM Bestic","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bestic\u00a0JM, Wessell\u00a0DE, Deaman\u00a0FD et\u00a0al (2020) ACR Appropriateness Criteria\u00ae Primary Bone Tumors. J\u00a0Am Coll Radiol 17(5S):S226\u2013S238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacr.2020.01.038","journal-title":"J Am Coll Radiol"}],"container-title":["Die Radiologie"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00117-026-01648-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00117-026-01648-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00117-026-01648-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T15:42:38Z","timestamp":1786030958000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00117-026-01648-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["1648"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00117-026-01648-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["2731-7048","2731-7056"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2731-7048","type":"print"},{"value":"2731-7056","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"D.\u00a0Cantr\u00e9, T.\u00a0Germann, C.\u00a0Schieffer, H.-U.\u00a0Kauczor, C.P.\u00a0Heu\u00dfel, T.\u00a0Bruckner and M.-A.\u00a0Weber declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted with the approval of the local ethics committee (S-080\/2018), in accordance with national law and the Declaration of Helsinki in its current form.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The supplement containing this article is not sponsored by industry.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}