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To our knowledge, there has been no prior research about dwarfism in the sponge gourd. This study reports the first dwarf mutant WJ209 with a decrease in cell size and internodes. A genetic analysis revealed that the mutant phenotype was controlled by a single recessive gene, which is designated <jats:italic>Lacdwarf1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Lacd1<\/jats:italic>). Combined with bulked segregate analysis and next-generation sequencing, we quickly mapped a 65.4\u00a0kb region on chromosome 5 using F<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> segregation population with InDel and SNP polymorphism markers. Gene annotation revealed that <jats:italic>Lac05g019500<\/jats:italic> encodes a gibberellin 3\u03b2-hydroxylase (GA3ox) that functions as the most likely candidate gene for <jats:italic>Lacd1<\/jats:italic>. DNA sequence analysis showed that there is an approximately 4\u00a0kb insertion in the first intron of <jats:italic>Lac05g019500<\/jats:italic> in WJ209. <jats:italic>Lac05g019500<\/jats:italic> is transcribed incorrectly in the dwarf mutant owing to the presence of the insertion. Moreover, the bioactive GAs decreased significantly in WJ209, and the dwarf phenotype could be restored by exogenous GA<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> treatment, indicating that WJ209 is a GA-deficient mutant. All these results support the conclusion that <jats:italic>Lac05g019500<\/jats:italic> is the <jats:italic>Lacd1<\/jats:italic> gene. In addition, RNA-Seq revealed that many genes, including those related to plant hormones, cellular process, cell wall, membrane and response to stress, were significantly altered in WJ209 compared with the wild type. This study will aid in the use of molecular marker-assisted breeding in the dwarf sponge gourd.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-021-03938-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]],"date-time":"2021-08-14T12:04:46Z","timestamp":1628942686000},"page":"3443-3457","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A mutation in LacDWARF1 results in a GA-deficient dwarf phenotype in sponge gourd (Luffa acutangula)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Gangjun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caixia","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianning","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junxing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoming","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinju","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingyan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0491-1226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haibin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"3938_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1118642","volume":"311","author":"P Achard","year":"2006","unstructured":"Achard P, Cheng H, De Grauwe L, Decat J, Schoutteten H, Moritz T, Van Der Straeten D, Peng J, Harberd NP (2006) Integration of plant responses to environmentally activated phytohormonal signals. 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