{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T11:05:44Z","timestamp":1789729544148,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017596","name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023-JC-ZD-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023-JC-ZD-08"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017596","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32171991"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32171991"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Theor Appl Genet"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-026-05338-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T07:41:52Z","timestamp":1786520512000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["TaGAD2 is a potential downstream effector of Rht5 in controlling wheat plant height"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Xianglan","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aozhe","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefen","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunge","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiumei","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhangchen","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Altyn","family":"Shayahkhmetova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linzhou","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yin-Gang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"5338_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2015.00487","volume":"6","author":"A Amram","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amram A, Fadida-Myers A, Golan G, Nashef K, Ben-David R, Peleg Z (2015) Effect of GA-sensitivity on wheat early vigor and yield components under deep sowing. Front Plant Sci 6:487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2015.00487","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"5338_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4781(01)00324-4","volume":"1522","author":"K Akama","year":"2001","unstructured":"Akama K, Akihiro T, Kitagawa M, Takaiwa F (2001) Rice (Oryza sativa) contains a novel isoform of glutamate decarboxylase that lacks an authentic calmodulin-binding domain at the C-terminus. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Struct Expr 1522(3):143\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0167-4781(01)00324-4","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Struct Expr"},{"issue":"10","key":"5338_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erm120","volume":"58","author":"K Akama","year":"2007","unstructured":"Akama K, Takaiwa F (2007) C-terminal extension of rice glutamate decarboxylase (OsGAD2) functions as an autoinhibitory domain and overexpression of a truncated mutant results in the accumulation of extremely high levels of GABA in plant cells. J Exp Bot 58(10):2699\u20132707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jxb\/erm120","journal-title":"J Exp Bot"},{"issue":"2","key":"5338_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s10725-021-00710-y","volume":"94","author":"MI Ansari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ansari MI, Jalil SU, Ansari SA, Hasanuzzaman M (2021) GABA shunt: a key-player in mitigation of ROS during stress. Plant Growth Regul 94(2):131\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10725-021-00710-y","journal-title":"Plant Growth Regul"},{"issue":"26","key":"5338_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19610","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)36560-3","volume":"268","author":"G Baum","year":"1993","unstructured":"Baum G, Chen Y, Arazi T, Takatsuji H, Fromm H (1993) A plant glutamate decarboxylase containing a calmodulin binding domain. Cloning, sequence, and functional analysis. J Biol Chem 268(26):19610\u201319617. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)36560-3","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"5338_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2004.01.006","volume":"9","author":"N Bouch\u00e9","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bouch\u00e9 N, Fromm H (2004) GABA in plants: just a metabolite. Trends in Plant Science 9(3):110\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tplants.2004.01.006","journal-title":"Trends in Plant Science"},{"issue":"48","key":"5338_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2209875119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2209875119","volume":"119","author":"P Borrill","year":"2022","unstructured":"Borrill P, Mago R, Xu T, Ford B, Williams SJ, Derkx A, Bovill WD, Hyles J, Bhatt D, Xia X, MacMillan C, White R, Buss W, Moln\u00e1r I, Walkowiak S, Olsen O-A, Dole\u017eel J, Pozniak CJ, Spielmeyer W (2022) An autoactive NB-LRR gene causes Rht13 dwarfism in wheat. Proc Natl Acad Sci 119(48):e2209875119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2209875119","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"5338_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105429","volume":"57","author":"D Bowles","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bowles D, Lim E-K, Poppenberger B, Vaistij FE (2006) Glycosyltransferases of lipophilic small molecules. Annu Rev Plant Biol 57:567\u2013597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105429","journal-title":"Annu Rev Plant Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5338_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.69.1.155-194.2005","volume":"69","author":"A Brencic","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brencic A, Winans SC (2005) Detection of and response to signals involved in host-microbe interactions by plant-associated bacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 69(1):155\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/MMBR.69.1.155-194.2005","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"5338_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-019-03318-z","volume":"132","author":"L Chai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chai L, Chen Z, Bian R, Zhai H, Cheng X, Peng H, Yao Y, Hu Z, Xin M, Guo W, Sun Q, Zhao A, Ni Z (2019) Dissection of two quantitative trait loci with pleiotropic effects on plant height and spike length linked in coupling phase on the short arm of chromosome 2D of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 132(6):1815\u20131831. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00122-019-03318-z","journal-title":"Theor Appl Genet"},{"issue":"11","key":"5338_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2023.09.010","volume":"16","author":"C Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen C, Wu Y, Li J, Wang X, Zeng Z, Xu J, Liu Y, Feng J, Chen H, He Y, Xia R (2023) TBtools-II: a \u201cone for all, all for one\u201d bioinformatics platform for biological big-data mining. Mol Plant 16(11):1733\u20131742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molp.2023.09.010","journal-title":"Mol Plant"},{"issue":"19","key":"5338_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7460","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0600313103","volume":"103","author":"R Chevrot","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chevrot R, Rosen R, Haudecoeur E, Cirou A, Shelp BJ, Ron E, Faure D (2006) GABA controls the level of quorum-sensing signal in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103(19):7460\u20137464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0600313103","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"5338_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-022-03888-1","volume":"255","author":"C Cui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cui C, Lu Q, Zhao Z, Lu S, Duan S, Yang Y, Qiao Y, Chen L, Hu Y-G (2022) The fine mapping of dwarf gene Rht5 in bread wheat and its effects on plant height and main agronomic traits. Planta 255(6):114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00425-022-03888-1","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"5338_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2013.10.007","volume":"156","author":"BG Daoura","year":"2014","unstructured":"Daoura BG, Chen L, Du Y, Hu Y-G (2014) Genetic effects of dwarfing gene Rht-5 on agronomic traits in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and QTL analysis on its linked traits. Field Crops Res 156:22\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fcr.2013.10.007","journal-title":"Field Crops Res"},{"key":"5338_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1105\/tpc.7.7.1085","volume":"7","author":"RA Dixon","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dixon RA, Paiva NL (1995) Stress-Induced Phenylpropanoid Metabolism. Plant Cell 7:1085\u20131097. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1105\/tpc.7.7.1085","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"5338_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5033","DOI":"10.1002\/agj2.20409","volume":"112","author":"S Duan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Duan S, Zhao Z, Qiao Y, Cui C, Condon AG, Chen L, Hu Y (2020) Vigorous responsiveness of dwarf gene Rht14 to exogenous GA3 evaluated on important morphological and agronomic traits in durum wheat. Agron J 112(6):5033\u20135044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/agj2.20409","journal-title":"Agron J"},{"issue":"4","key":"5338_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9040449","volume":"9","author":"C Du","year":"2020","unstructured":"Du C, Chen W, Wu Y, Wang G, Zhao J, Sun J, Ji J, Yan D, Jiang Z, Shi S (2020) Effects of GABA and Vigabatrin on the germination of Chinese chestnut recalcitrant seeds and its implications for seed dormancy and storage. Plants 9(4):449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/plants9040449","journal-title":"Plants"},{"issue":"6","key":"5338_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1071\/FP03207","volume":"31","author":"MH Ellis","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ellis MH, Rebetzke GJ, Chandler P, Bonnett D, Spielmeyer W, Richards RA (2004) The effect of different height reducing genes on the early growth of wheat. Funct Plant Biol 31(6):583\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/FP03207","journal-title":"Funct Plant Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"5338_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4419","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ers138","volume":"63","author":"D Gasperini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gasperini D, Greenland A, Hedden P, Dreos R, Harwood W, Griffiths S (2012) Genetic and physiological analysis of Rht8 in bread wheat: an alternative source of semi-dwarfism with a reduced sensitivity to brassinosteroids. J Exp Bot 63(12):4419\u20134436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jxb\/ers138","journal-title":"J Exp Bot"},{"key":"5338_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1338425","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2024.1338425","volume":"15","author":"J Hao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hao J, Zhao Z, Fu X, Zhao Y, Ateeq M, Mou L, Han Y, Liu Y, Yin Y, Zotova L, Serikbay D, Fan C, Hu Y-G, Chen L (2024) Effect of a novel dwarfing mutant site on chromosome 4B on agronomic traits in common wheat. Front Plant Sci 15:1338425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2024.1338425","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5338_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/s0168-9525(02)00009-4","volume":"19","author":"P Hedden","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hedden P (2003) The genes of the green revolution. Trends Genet 19(1):5\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0168-9525(02)00009-4","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"5338_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S1369-5266(02)00250-9","volume":"5","author":"GA Howe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Howe GA, Schilmiller AL (2002) Oxylipin metabolism in response to stress. Curr Opin Plant Biol 5(3):230\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1369-5266(02)00250-9","journal-title":"Curr Opin Plant Biol"},{"issue":"10","key":"5338_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.13819","volume":"43","author":"S Jatayev","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jatayev S, Sukhikh I, Vavilova V, Smolenskaya SE, Goncharov NP, Kurishbayev A, Zotova L, Absattarova A, Serikbay D, Hu Y, Borisjuk N, Gupta NK, Jacobs B, De Groot S, Koekemoer F, Alharthi B, Lethola K, Cu DT, Schramm C, Anderson P, Jenkins CLD, Soole KL, Shavrukov Y, Langridge P (2020) Green revolution \u2018stumbles\u2019 in a dry environment: dwarf wheat with Rht genes fails to produce higher grain yield than taller plants under drought. Plant Cell Environ 43(10):2355\u20132364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pce.13819","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ"},{"issue":"7","key":"5338_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S1360-1385(02)02302-6","volume":"7","author":"K Ichimura","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ichimura K, Shinozaki K, Tena G, Sheen J, Henry Y, Champion A, Kreis M, Zhang S, Hirt H, Wilson C, Heberle-Bors E, Ellis BE, Morris PC, Innes RW, Ecker JR, Scheel D, Klessig DF, Machida Y, Mundy J, Ohashi Y, Walker JC (2002) Mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades in plants: a new nomenclature. Trends Plant Sci 7(7):301\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1360-1385(02)02302-6","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"5338_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aob.a087894","volume":"64","author":"GJ Keyes","year":"1989","unstructured":"Keyes GJ, Paolillo DJ, Sorrells ME (1989) The effects of dwarfing genes Rht1 and Rht2 on cellular dimensions and rate of leaf elongation in wheat*. Ann Bot 64(6):683\u2013690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aob.a087894","journal-title":"Ann Bot"},{"key":"5338_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plgene.2021.100283","volume":"26","author":"MIR Khan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khan MIR, Jalil SU, Chopra P, Chhillar H, Ferrante A, Khan NA, Ansari MI (2021) Role of GABA in plant growth, development and senescence. Plant Gene 26:100283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.plgene.2021.100283","journal-title":"Plant Gene"},{"issue":"10","key":"5338_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1990","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.14107","volume":"21","author":"X Kong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kong X, Wang F, Wang Z, Gao X, Geng S, Deng Z, Zhang S, Fu M, Cui D, Liu S, Che Y, Liao R, Yin L, Zhou P, Wang K, Ye X, Liu D, Fu X, Mao L, Li A (2023) Grain yield improvement by genome editing of TaARF12 that decoupled peduncle and rachis development trajectories via differential regulation of gibberellin signaling in wheat. Plant Biotechnol J 21(10):1990\u20132001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pbi.14107","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol J"},{"key":"5338_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2229-12-11","volume":"12","author":"T Kurusu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kurusu T, Nishikawa D, Yamazaki Y, Gotoh M, Nakano M, Hamada H, Yamanaka T, Iida K, Nakagawa Y, Saji H, Shinozaki K, Iida H, Kuchitsu K (2012) Plasma membrane protein OsMCA1 is involved in regulation of hypo-osmotic shock-induced Ca2+ influx and modulates generation of reactive oxygen species in cultured rice cells. BMC Plant Biol 12:11. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2229-12-11","journal-title":"BMC Plant Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5338_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.13813","volume":"210","author":"J Lang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lang J, Gonzalez-Mula A, Taconnat L, Clement G, Faure D (2016) The plant GABA signaling downregulates horizontal transfer of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence plasmid. New Phytol 210(3):974\u2013983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nph.13813","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"issue":"15","key":"5338_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"eadk4027","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adk4027","volume":"10","author":"J Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li J, Liu X, Chang S, Chu W, Lin J, Zhou H, Hu Z, Zhang M, Xin M, Yao Y, Guo W, Xie X, Peng H, Ni Z, Sun Q, Long Y, Hu Z (2024) The potassium transporter TaNHX2 interacts with TaGAD1 to promote drought tolerance via modulating stomatal aperture in wheat. Sci Adv 10(15):eadk4027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/sciadv.adk4027","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"5","key":"5338_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2009.04109.x","volume":"61","author":"L Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu L, Zhang Y, Tang S, Zhao Q, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Dong L, Guo H, Xie Q (2010) An efficient system to detect protein ubiquitination by agroinfiltration in Nicotiana benthamiana. Plant J 61(5):893\u2013903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-313X.2009.04109.x","journal-title":"Plant J"},{"issue":"12","key":"5338_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","volume":"15","author":"MI Love","year":"2014","unstructured":"Love MI, Huber W, Anders S (2014) Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2. Genome Biol 15(12):550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13059-014-0550-8","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"5338_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molp.2021.10.006","volume":"14","author":"S Ma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma S, Wang M, Wu J, Guo W, Chen Y, Li G, Wang Y, Shi W, Xia G, Fu D, Kang Z, Ni F (2021) WheatOmics: A platformcombining multiple omics data to accelerate functional genomics studies in wheat. Molecular Plant 14(12):1965\u20131968. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molp.2021.10.006","journal-title":"Molecular Plant"},{"issue":"1","key":"5338_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-phyto-082712-102314","volume":"51","author":"X Meng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Meng X, Zhang S (2013) MAPK cascades in plant disease resistance signaling. Annu Rev Phytopathol 51(1):245\u2013266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-phyto-082712-102314","journal-title":"Annu Rev Phytopathol"},{"key":"5338_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2015.00419","volume":"6","author":"S Michaeli","year":"2015","unstructured":"Michaeli S, Fromm H (2015) Closing the Loop on the GABA Shunt in Plants: Are GABA metabolism and signalingentwined? Frontiers in Plant Science 6:419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2015.00419","journal-title":"Frontiers in Plant Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"5338_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj1958.00021962005000100013x","volume":"50","author":"HC Murphy","year":"1958","unstructured":"Murphy HC, Petr F, Frey KJ (1958) Lodging resistance studies in oats I. comparing methods of testing and sources for straw strength. Agron J 50(10):609\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2134\/agronj1958.00021962005000100013x","journal-title":"Agron J"},{"issue":"4","key":"5338_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1820","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.111.183657","volume":"157","author":"S Pearce","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pearce S, Saville R, Vaughan SP, Chandler PM, Wilhelm EP, Sparks CA, Al-Kaff N, Korolev A, Boulton MI, Phillips AL, Hedden P, Nicholson P, Thomas SG (2011) Molecular characterization of Rht-1 dwarfing genes in hexaploid wheat. Plant Physiol 157(4):1820\u20131831. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1104\/pp.111.183657","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"issue":"6741","key":"5338_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1038\/22307","volume":"400","author":"J Peng","year":"1999","unstructured":"Peng J, Richards DE, Hartley NM, Murphy GP, Devos KM, Flintham JE, Beales J, Fish LJ, Worland AJ, Pelica F, Sudhakar D, Christou P, Snape JW, Gale MD, Harberd NP (1999) \u201cGreen revolution\u201d genes encode mutant gibberellin response modulators. Nature 400(6741):256\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/22307","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"5338_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.4238\/2011","volume":"10","author":"ZS Peng","year":"2011","unstructured":"Peng ZS, Li X, Yang ZJ, Liao ML (2011) A new reduced height gene found in the tetraploid semi-dwarf wheat landrace Aiganfanmai. Genet Mol Res 10(4):2349\u20132357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4238\/2011","journal-title":"Genet Mol Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"5338_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12043","volume":"86","author":"S Planamente","year":"2012","unstructured":"Planamente S, Mondy S, Hommais F, Vigouroux A, Mor\u00e9ra S, Faure D (2012) Structural basis for selective GABA binding in bacterial pathogens. Mol Microbiol 86(5):1085\u20131099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mmi.12043","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5338_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7879","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8879","volume":"6","author":"SA Ramesh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ramesh SA, Tyerman SD, Xu B, Bose J, Kaur S, Conn V, Domingos P, Ullah S, Wege S, Shabala S, Feij\u00f3 JA, Ryan PR, Gilliham M (2015) GABA signalling modulates plant growth by directly regulating the activity of plant-specific anion transporters. Nat Commun 6(1):7879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms8879","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5338_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2011.09.022","volume":"126","author":"GJ Rebetzke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rebetzke GJ, Ellis MH, Bonnett DG, Mickelson B, Condon AG, Richards RA (2012) Height reduction and agronomic performance for selected gibberellin-responsive dwarfing genes in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Field Crops Res 126:87\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fcr.2011.09.022","journal-title":"Field Crops Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"5338_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1093\/pcp\/pcr041","volume":"52","author":"H Renault","year":"2011","unstructured":"Renault H, El Amrani A, Palanivelu R, Updegraff EP, Yu A, Renou J-P, Preuss D, Bouchereau A, Deleu C (2011) GABA accumulation causes cell elongation defects and a decrease in expression of genes encoding secreted and cell wall-related proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Physiol 52(5):894\u2013908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pcp\/pcr041","journal-title":"Plant Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5338_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00192803","volume":"188","author":"M Sauter","year":"1992","unstructured":"Sauter M, Kende H (1992) Gibberellin-induced growth and regulation of the cell division cycle in deepwater rice. Planta 188(3):362\u2013368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00192803","journal-title":"Planta"},{"issue":"7","key":"5338_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","volume":"9","author":"J Schindelin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schindelin J, Arganda-Carreras I, Frise E, Kaynig V, Longair M, Pietzsch T, Preibisch S, Rueden C, Saalfeld S, Schmid B, Tinevez J-Y, White DJ, Hartenstein V, Eliceiri K, Tomancak P, Cardona A (2012) Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis. Nat Methods 9(7):676\u2013682. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.2019","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"5338_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.108.2.543","volume":"108","author":"WA Snedden","year":"1995","unstructured":"Snedden WA, Arazi T, Fromm H, Shelp BJ (1995) Calcium\/calmodulin activation of soybean glutamate decarboxylase. Plant Physiol 108(2):543\u2013549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1104\/pp.108.2.543","journal-title":"Plant Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5338_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1111\/tpj.14168","volume":"97","author":"L Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun L, Yang W, Li Y, Shan Q, Ye X, Wang D, Yu K, Lu W, Xin P, Pei Z, Guo X, Liu D, Sun J, Zhan K, Chu J, Zhang A (2019) A wheat dominant dwarfing line with Rht12, which reduces stem cell length and affects gibberellic acid synthesis, is a 5AL terminal deletion line. Plant J 97(5):887\u2013900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/tpj.14168","journal-title":"Plant J"},{"issue":"4","key":"5338_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-022-03871-w","volume":"255","author":"J Tang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang J, Mei E, He M, Bu Q, Tian X (2022) Functions of OsWRKY24, OsWRKY70 and OsWRKY53 in regulating grain size in rice. Planta 255(4):92. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00425-022-03871-w","journal-title":"Planta"},{"key":"5338_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2015.00612","volume":"6","author":"M Takayama","year":"2015","unstructured":"Takayama M, Ezura H (2015) How and why does tomato accumulate a large amount of GABA in the fruit? Front Plant Sci 6:612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2015.00612","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5338_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-016-2061-4","volume":"36","author":"M Takayama","year":"2017","unstructured":"Takayama M, Matsukura C, Ariizumi T, Ezura H (2017) Activating glutamate decarboxylase activity by removing the autoinhibitory domain leads to hyper \u03b3-aminobutyric acid (GABA) accumulation in tomato fruit. Plant Cell Rep 36(1):103\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00299-016-2061-4","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"5338_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3022","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","volume":"38","author":"K Tamura","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tamura K, Stecher G, Kumar S (2021) MEGA11: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 11. Mol Biol Evol 38(7):3022\u20133027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/molbev\/msab120","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"issue":"10","key":"5338_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2633","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/ert485","volume":"65","author":"H Takatsuka","year":"2014","unstructured":"Takatsuka H, Umeda M (2014) Hormonal control of cell division and elongation along differentiation trajectories inroots. Journal of Experimental Botany 65(10):2633\u20132643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jxb\/ert485","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Botany"},{"issue":"2","key":"5338_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1111\/nph.17808","volume":"233","author":"X Tian","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tian X, Xia X, Xu D, Liu Y, Xie L, Hassan MA, Song J, Li F, Wang D, Zhang Y, Hao Y, Li G, Chu C, He Z, Cao S (2022) Rht24b, an ancient variation of TaGA2ox-A9, reduces plant height without yield penalty in wheat. New Phytol 233(2):738\u2013750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nph.17808","journal-title":"New Phytol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5338_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.117.4.1411","volume":"117","author":"FJ Turano","year":"1998","unstructured":"Turano FJ, Fang TK (1998) Characterization of two glutamate decarboxylase cDNA clones from Arabidopsis. PlantPhysiology 117(4):1411\u20131421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1104\/pp.117.4.1411","journal-title":"PlantPhysiology"},{"key":"5338_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpb.2019.100119","volume":"19","author":"S Uzma Jalil","year":"2019","unstructured":"Uzma Jalil S, Khan MIR, Ansari MI (2019) Role of GABA transaminase in the regulation of development and senescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. Curr Plant Biol 19:100119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpb.2019.100119","journal-title":"Curr Plant Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5338_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1093\/mp\/ssp106","volume":"3","author":"T Vogt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vogt T (2010) Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. Mol Plant 3(1):2\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/mp\/ssp106","journal-title":"Mol Plant"},{"issue":"10","key":"5338_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3643","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-022-04207-8","volume":"135","author":"C Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang C, Bao Y, Yao Q, Long D, Xiao X, Fan X, Kang H, Zeng J, Sha L, Zhang H, Wu D, Zhou Y, Zhou Q, Wang Y, Cheng Y (2022) Fine mapping of the reduced height gene Rht22 in tetraploid wheat landrace Jianyangailanmai (Triticum turgidum L.). Theor Appl Genet 135(10):3643\u20133660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00122-022-04207-8","journal-title":"Theor Appl Genet"},{"issue":"10","key":"5338_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"koaf221","DOI":"10.1093\/plcell\/koaf221","volume":"37","author":"Y Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang Y, Sun D, Duan Y, Yang A, Yang X, Zhu T, Yan Y, Li W, Rui W, Fang S, Wang B, Tian Y, Wang H, Chen F, Jia Z, Pan Q, Yang Z, Yuan L, Xu C, Li P (2025) A variome-transcriptome-metabolome network links GABA biosynthesis to stress resilience in maize. Plant Cell 37(10):koaf221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/plcell\/koaf221","journal-title":"Plant Cell"},{"issue":"10","key":"5338_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy15102248","volume":"15","author":"Y Wei","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wei Y, Li Y, Kang Y, Gu J, Gong X, Du M, Yang N, Tu L, Shi P, Yu Z, Wang Z, Cong L, Zhang K (2025) The UGT73 family of glycosyltransferases in plants: gene structure, catalytic mechanisms, and biological functions. Agronomy 15(10):2248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/agronomy15102248","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"issue":"7","key":"5338_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s00299-002-0564-7","volume":"21","author":"H Wu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wu H, Sparks C, Amoah B, Jones HD (2003) Factors influencing successful Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of wheat. Plant Cell Rep 21(7):659\u2013668. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00299-002-0564-7","journal-title":"Plant Cell Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"5338_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/erz520","volume":"71","author":"T Xie","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xie T, Ji J, Chen W, Yue J, Du C, Sun J, Chen L, Jiang Z, Shi S (2020) GABA negatively regulates adventitious root development in poplar. J Exp Bot 71(4):1459\u20131474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jxb\/erz520","journal-title":"J Exp Bot"},{"issue":"1","key":"5338_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1952","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21694-3","volume":"12","author":"B Xu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu B, Long Y, Feng X, Zhu X, Sai N, Chirkova L, Betts A, Herrmann J, Edwards EJ, Okamoto M, Hedrich R, Gilliham M (2021) GABA signalling modulates stomatal opening to enhance plant water use efficiency and drought resilience. Nat Commun 12(1):1952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-021-21694-3","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"20","key":"5338_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dev201601","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.201601","volume":"150","author":"D Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu D, Bian Y, Luo X, Jia C, Hao Q, Tian X, Cao Q, Chen W, Ma W, Ni Z, Fu X, He Z, Xia X, Cao S (2023a) Dissecting pleiotropic functions of the wheat Green Revolution gene Rht-B1b in plant morphogenesis and yield formation. Development 150(20):dev201601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1242\/dev.201601","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"5338_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-016-2828-6","volume":"130","author":"T Xu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Xu T, Bian N, Wen M, Xiao J, Yuan C, Cao A, Zhang S, Wang X, Wang H (2017) Characterization of a common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) high-tillering dwarf mutant. Theor Appl Genet 130(3):483\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00122-016-2828-6","journal-title":"Theor Appl Genet"},{"key":"5338_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147019","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1147019","volume":"14","author":"D Xu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Xu D, Hao Q, Yang T, Lv X, Qin H, Wang Y, Jia C, Liu W, Dai X, Zeng J, Zhang H, He Z, Xia X, Cao S, Ma W (2023b) Impact of \u201cGreen Revolution\u201d gene Rht-B1b on coleoptile length of wheat. Front Plant Sci 14:1147019. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpls.2023.1147019","journal-title":"Front Plant Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"5338_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-018-2929-3","volume":"248","author":"J Yue","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yue J, Du C, Ji J, Xie T, Chen W, Chang E, Chen L, Jiang Z, Shi S (2018) Inhibition of \u03b1-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity affects adventitious root growth in poplar via changes in GABA shunt. Planta 248(4):963\u2013979. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00425-018-2929-3","journal-title":"Planta"},{"issue":"2","key":"5338_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S1016-8478(23)13403-0","volume":"8","author":"SJ Yun","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yun SJ, Oh SH (1998) Cloning and characterization of a tobacco cDNA encoding calcium\/calmodulin-dependent glutamate decarboxylase. Mol Cells 8(2):125\u2013129 (PMID: 9638642)","journal-title":"Mol Cells"},{"issue":"6","key":"5338_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3180.1974.tb01084.x","volume":"14","author":"JC Zadoks","year":"1974","unstructured":"Zadoks JC, Chang TT, Konzak CF (1974) A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals. Weed Res 14(6):415\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3180.1974.tb01084.x","journal-title":"Weed Res"},{"issue":"19","key":"5338_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2300203120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2300203120","volume":"120","author":"J Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang J, Li C, Zhang W, Zhang X, Mo Y, Tranquilli GE, Vanzetti LS, Dubcovsky J (2023) Wheat plant height locus RHT25 encodes a PLATZ transcription factor that interacts with DELLA (RHT1). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 120(19):e2300203120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2300203120","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"5338_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgg.2025.11.015","volume":"53","author":"X Zhang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Zhang X, Tao J, Huang Y, Chen S, Yin C, Zhang J (2026) Roles of ethylene in plant growth, development, and stress responses. J Genet Genomics 53(4):594\u2013614. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jgg.2025.11.015","journal-title":"J Genet Genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5338_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s11103-009-9463-4","volume":"70","author":"Z-L Zhang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhang Z-L, Shin M, Zou X, Huang J, Ho TD, Shen QJ (2009) A negative regulator encoded by a rice WRKY gene represses both abscisic acid and gibberellins signaling in aleurone cells. Plant Mol Biol 70(1):139\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11103-009-9463-4","journal-title":"Plant Mol Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5338_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1038\/s41558-022-01305-9","volume":"12","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Wang E, Kirkegaard JA, Rebetzke GJ (2022) Novel wheat varieties facilitate deep sowing to beat the heat of changing climates. Nat Clim Change 12(3):291\u2013296. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41558-022-01305-9","journal-title":"Nat Clim Change"},{"key":"5338_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eja.2024.127430","volume":"162","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Lu Q, Gao Z, Kong X, Zhang X, Chen L, Hu Y-G (2025) Exogenous GA3 significantly improved the grain filling process and yield traits of Rht15 dwarf lines in durum wheat. Eur J Agron 162:127430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eja.2024.127430","journal-title":"Eur J Agron"}],"container-title":["Theoretical and Applied Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00122-026-05338-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00122-026-05338-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00122-026-05338-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T10:34:28Z","timestamp":1789727668000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00122-026-05338-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5338"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00122-026-05338-y","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-8985940\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0040-5752","1432-2242"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0040-5752","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2242","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"226"}}