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A global diversity panel of 377 spring wheat (\n                      <jats:italic>Triticum aestivum<\/jats:italic>\n                      L.) lines was screened for all-stage resistance (ASR) against a panel of diverse 20\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>Pst<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates at the seedling stage and for adult-plant-stage resistance (APR) against natural mix of field races. Genome-wide association mapping identified 77 unique\n                      <jats:italic>Yr<\/jats:italic>\n                      loci. Of these, 34 overlapped with the previously mapped 1150\n                      <jats:italic>Yr<\/jats:italic>\n                      loci, confirming the robustness of our GWAS results, while 43 were likely novel. Comparison of the nine adult-plant-stage\n                      <jats:italic>Yr<\/jats:italic>\n                      loci mapped in our study with known APR genes identified only one overlap, with\n                      <jats:italic>Yr29<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Except for\n                      <jats:italic>Yr29<\/jats:italic>\n                      , APR genes\n                      <jats:italic>Yr18<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Yr36<\/jats:italic>\n                      were detected at low frequencies, indicating that resistance in our panel may arise from less characterized or novel sources. Two wheat lines, lacking widely effective\n                      <jats:italic>Yr5<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Yr15<\/jats:italic>\n                      alleles, exhibited resistance to all 20\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>Pst<\/jats:italic>\n                      races at the seedling stage and natural field races at the adult stage, suggesting that they may carry novel, broad-spectrum ASR alleles. Wheat improvement had no effect on the frequency of ASR alleles but resulted in a threefold increase in the frequency of APR alleles, suggesting that the latter were subjected to more consistent breeding selection over time. Our findings underscore the value of combined screening of diverse germplasm with diverse pathogen races to identify novel sources of broad-spectrum resistance for breeding stripe rust resistant cultivars.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00122-026-05363-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T10:21:20Z","timestamp":1788862880000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genetic architecture and evolution of stripe rust resistance uncovered using diverse panels of wheat lines and North American Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici isolates"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"139","author":[{"given":"Buket","family":"Sahin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meinan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason D.","family":"Zurn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoting","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guihua","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Akhunova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianming","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0416-5211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduard","family":"Akhunov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"5363_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3835\/plantgenome2011.12.0032","volume":"5","author":"T Adhikari","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adhikari T, Gurung S, Hansen J et al (2012) Association mapping of quantitative trait loci in spring wheat landraces conferring resistance to bacterial leaf streak and spot blotch. 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