{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T23:49:21Z","timestamp":1793231361465,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004191","name":"Novo Nordisk","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004191","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Aims\/hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The aim of this work was to assess the effect of liraglutide on ectopic fat accumulation in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study is a pre-specified subanalysis of the MAGNetic resonance Assessment of VICTOza efficacy in the Regression of cardiovascular dysfunction In type 2 diAbetes mellitus (MAGNA VICTORIA) study, with primary endpoints being the effects of liraglutide on left ventricular diastolic and systolic function. The MAGNA VICTORIA study was a single-centre, parallel-group trial in 50 individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (BMI &gt;25\u00a0kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) who were randomly assigned (1:1, stratified for sex and insulin use) to receive liraglutide 1.8\u00a0mg once daily or placebo for 26\u00a0weeks, added to standard care. Participants, study personnel and outcome assessors were blinded to treatment allocation. The secondary endpoints of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and epicardial fat were measured with MRI. Hepatic triacylglycerol content (HTGC) and myocardial triacylglycerol content (MTGC) were quantified with proton MR spectroscopy. Between-group differences (change from baseline) were tested for significance using ANCOVA. Mean differences with 95% CIs were reported.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The trial was completed in 2016. Twenty-four participants were randomised to receive liraglutide and 26 to receive placebo. One patient in the liraglutide group withdrew consent before having received the study drug and was not included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Liraglutide (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200923) vs placebo (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200926) significantly reduced body weight (liraglutide 98.4\u2009\u00b1\u200913.8\u00a0kg to 94.3\u2009\u00b1\u200914.9\u00a0kg; placebo 94.5\u2009\u00b1\u200913.1\u00a0kg to 93.9\u2009\u00b1\u200913.2\u00a0kg; estimated treatment effect \u22124.5 [95% CI \u22126.4, \u22122.6] kg). HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub> declined in both groups without a significant treatment effect of liraglutide vs placebo (liraglutide 66.7\u2009\u00b1\u200911.5\u00a0mmol\/mol to 55.0\u2009\u00b1\u200913.2\u00a0mmol\/mol [8.4\u2009\u00b1\u20091.1% to 7.3\u2009\u00b1\u20091.2%]; placebo 64.7\u2009\u00b1\u200910.2\u00a0mmol\/mol to 56.9\u2009\u00b1\u20096.9\u00a0mmol\/mol [8.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0% to 7.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7%]; estimated treatment effect \u22122.9 [95% CI \u22128.1, 2.3] mmol\/mol or \u22120.3 [95% CI \u22120.8, 0.2]%). VAT did not change significantly between groups (liraglutide 207\u2009\u00b1\u200987\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> to 203\u2009\u00b1\u200988\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; placebo 204\u2009\u00b1\u200963\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> to 200\u2009\u00b1\u200955\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; estimated treatment effect \u22127 [95% CI \u221224, 10] cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), while SAT was reduced by a significantly greater extent with liraglutide than with placebo (liraglutide 361\u2009\u00b1\u2009142\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> to 339\u2009\u00b1\u2009131\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; placebo 329\u2009\u00b1\u2009107\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> to 333\u2009\u00b1\u2009125\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; estimated treatment effect \u221229 [95% CI \u221251, \u22128] cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). Epicardial fat did not change significantly between groups (liraglutide 8.9\u2009\u00b1\u20094.3\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> to 9.1\u2009\u00b1\u20094.7\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; placebo 9.6\u2009\u00b1\u20094.1\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> to 9.6\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6\u00a0cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>; estimated treatment effect 0.2 [95% CI \u22121.5, 1.8] cm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>). Change in HTGC was not different between groups (liraglutide 18.1\u2009\u00b1\u200911.2% to 12.0\u2009\u00b1\u20097.7%; placebo 18.4\u2009\u00b1\u20099.4% to 14.7\u2009\u00b1\u200910.0%; estimated treatment effect \u22122.1 [95% CI \u22125.3, 1.0]%). MTGC was not different after treatment with liraglutide (1.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6% to 1.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6%) vs placebo (1.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5% to 1.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6%), with an estimated treatment effect of \u22120.1 (95% CI \u22120.4, 0.2)%. There were no adjudicated serious adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions\/interpretation<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Compared with placebo, liraglutide-treated participants lost significantly more body weight. Liraglutide primarily reduced subcutaneous fat but not visceral, hepatic, myocardial or epicardial fat. Future larger studies are needed to confirm the results of this secondary endpoint study.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link> NCT01761318.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Funding<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study was funded by Novo Nordisk A\/S (Bagsvaerd, Denmark).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-05021-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]],"date-time":"2019-11-05T21:02:51Z","timestamp":1572987771000},"page":"65-74","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":115,"title":["Placebo-controlled randomised trial with liraglutide on magnetic resonance endpoints in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a pre-specified secondary study on ectopic fat accumulation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7347-5010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurice B.","family":"Bizino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid M.","family":"Jazet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"de Heer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huub J.","family":"van Eyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilona A.","family":"Dekkers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick C. N.","family":"Rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth H. M.","family":"Paiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hildebrandus J.","family":"Lamb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johannes W.","family":"Smit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5021_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.12110772","volume":"264","author":"RW van der Meer","year":"2012","unstructured":"van der Meer RW, Lamb HJ, Smit JW, de Roos A (2012) MR imaging evaluation of cardiovascular risk in metabolic syndrome. Radiology 264(1):21\u201337. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.12110772","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"5021_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2004.01395.x","volume":"22","author":"HS Park","year":"2005","unstructured":"Park HS, Lee K (2005) Greater beneficial effects of visceral fat reduction compared with subcutaneous fat reduction on parameters of the metabolic syndrome: a study of weight reduction programmes in subjects with visceral and subcutaneous obesity. Diabet Med 22(3):266\u2013272. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2004.01395.x","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5021_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-0627","volume":"65","author":"E Levelt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Levelt E, Mahmod M, Piechnik SK et al (2016) Relationship between left ventricular structural and metabolic remodeling in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 65(1):44\u201352. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db15-0627","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"5021_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803761","volume":"32","author":"TB Chaston","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chaston TB, Dixon JB (2008) Factors associated with percent change in visceral versus subcutaneous abdominal fat during weight loss: findings from a systematic review. Int J Obes 32(4):619\u2013628. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803761","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"issue":"6","key":"5021_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.09.032","volume":"54","author":"S Ben-Shlomo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ben-Shlomo S, Zvibel I, Shnell M et al (2011) Glucagon-like peptide-1 reduces hepatic lipogenesis via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. J Hepatol 54(6):1214\u20131223. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.09.032","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"5021_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25269","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025269","volume":"6","author":"S Sharma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sharma S, Mells JE, Fu PP, Saxena NK, Anania FA (2011) GLP-1 analogs reduce hepatocyte steatosis and improve survival by enhancing the unfolded protein response and promoting macroautophagy. PLoS One 6(9):e25269. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0025269","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"11","key":"5021_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e49152","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049152","volume":"7","author":"ET Parlevliet","year":"2012","unstructured":"Parlevliet ET, Wang Y, Geerling JJ et al (2012) GLP-1 receptor activation inhibits VLDL production and reverses hepatic steatosis by decreasing hepatic lipogenesis in high-fat-fed APOE*3-Leiden mice. PLoS One 7(11):e49152. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0049152","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"5021_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.112.091215","volume":"127","author":"MH Noyan-Ashraf","year":"2013","unstructured":"Noyan-Ashraf MH, Shikatani EA, Schuiki I et al (2013) A glucagon-like peptide-1 analog reverses the molecular pathology and cardiac dysfunction of a mouse model of obesity. Circulation 127(1):74\u201385. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.112.091215","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"5021_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-014-0638-3","volume":"51","author":"Y Bi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bi Y, Zhang B, Xu W et al (2014) Effects of exenatide, insulin, and pioglitazone on liver fat content and body fat distributions in drug-naive subjects with type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol 51(5):865\u2013873. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00592-014-0638-3","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"issue":"12","key":"5021_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2009.01158.x","volume":"11","author":"J Jendle","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jendle J, Nauck MA, Matthews DR et al (2009) Weight loss with liraglutide, a once-daily human glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue for type 2 diabetes treatment as monotherapy or added to metformin, is primarily as a result of a reduction in fat tissue. Diabetes Obes Metab 11(12):1163\u20131172. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2009.01158.x","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"5021_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2840-13-36","volume":"13","author":"CJ Li","year":"2014","unstructured":"Li CJ, Yu Q, Yu P et al (2014) Changes in liraglutide-induced body composition are related to modifications in plasma cardiac natriuretic peptides levels in obese type 2 diabetic patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol 13:36. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-2840-13-36","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"11","key":"5021_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-0589","volume":"40","author":"F Santilli","year":"2017","unstructured":"Santilli F, Simeone PG, Guagnano MT et al (2017) Effects of liraglutide on weight loss, fat distribution, and beta-cell function in obese subjects with prediabetes or early type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 40(11):1556\u20131564. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc17-0589","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"5021_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.01.003","volume":"11","author":"Li Shi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shi L, Zhu J, Yang P et al (2017) Comparison of exenatide and acarbose on intra-abdominal fat content in patients with obesity and type-2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Obes Res Clin Pract 11(5):607\u2013615. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.orcp.2017.01.003","journal-title":"Obesity Research & Clinical Practice"},{"issue":"10","key":"5021_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.52.8961","volume":"52","author":"D Suzuki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Suzuki D, Toyoda M, Kimura M et al (2013) Effects of liraglutide, a human glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, on body weight, body fat area and body fat-related markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Intern Med 52(10):1029\u20131034","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"5021_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2548","volume":"38","author":"A Tang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tang A, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Castel H et al (2015) Effects of insulin glargine and liraglutide therapy on liver fat as measured by magnetic resonance in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Diabetes Care 38(7):1339\u20131346. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc14-2548","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"5021_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.13121631","volume":"269","author":"JT Jonker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jonker JT, de Mol P, de Vries ST et al (2013) Exercise and type 2 diabetes mellitus: changes in tissue-specific fat distribution and cardiac function. Radiology 269(2):434\u2013442. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.13121631","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"5021_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12680","volume":"18","author":"A Dutour","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dutour A, Abdesselam I, Ancel P et al (2016) Exenatide decreases liver fat content and epicardial adipose tissue in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes: a prospective randomized clinical trial using magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. Diabetes Obes Metab 18(9):882\u2013891. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.12680","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"5021_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21718","volume":"25","author":"G Iacobellis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Iacobellis G, Mohseni M, Bianco SD, Banga PK (2017) Liraglutide causes large and rapid epicardial fat reduction. Obesity (Silver Spring) 25(2):311\u2013316. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.21718","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"issue":"1","key":"5021_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mric.2014.09.010","volume":"23","author":"MB Bizino","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bizino MB, Sala ML, de Heer P et al (2015) MR of multi-organ involvement in the metabolic syndrome. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 23(1):41\u201358. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mric.2014.09.010","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"5021_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0857-6","volume":"18","author":"MB Bizino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bizino MB, Jazet IM, Westenberg JJM et al (2019) Effect of liraglutide on cardiac function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: randomized placebo-controlled trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol 18(1):55\u201312. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12933-019-0857-6","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5021_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.25254","volume":"44","author":"P de Heer","year":"2016","unstructured":"de Heer P, Bizino MB, Lamb HJ, Webb AG (2016) Parameter optimization for reproducible cardiac (1) H-MR spectroscopy at 3 Tesla. J Magn Reson Imaging 44(5):1151\u20131158. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.25254","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"5","key":"5021_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1042\/cs20160803","volume":"131","author":"E Pastel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pastel E, McCulloch LJ, Ward R et al (2017) GLP-1 analogue-induced weight loss does not improve obesity-induced AT dysfunction. Clin Sci (Lond) 131(5):343\u2013353. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/cs20160803","journal-title":"Clin Sci (Lond)"},{"issue":"4","key":"5021_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.03.001","volume":"27","author":"DJ Drucker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Drucker DJ (2018) Mechanisms of action and therapeutic application of glucagon-like peptide-1. Cell Metab 27(4):740\u2013756. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.03.001","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"5021_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2592-3","volume":"55","author":"YS Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee YS, Park MS, Choung JS et al (2012) Glucagon-like peptide-1 inhibits adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and inflammation in an obese mouse model of diabetes. Diabetologia 55(9):2456\u20132468. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-012-2592-3","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"5021_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2005-0667","volume":"147","author":"F Kreier","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kreier F, Kap YS, Mettenleiter TC et al (2006) Tracing from fat tissue, liver, and pancreas: a neuroanatomical framework for the role of the brain in type 2 diabetes. Endocrinology 147(3):1140\u20131147. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/en.2005-0667","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"9","key":"5021_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1243","DOI":"10.1172\/jci15736","volume":"110","author":"F Kreier","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kreier F, Fliers E, Voshol PJ et al (2002) Selective parasympathetic innervation of subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat--functional implications. J Clin Invest 110(9):1243\u20131250. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/jci15736","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"11","key":"5021_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3727-0","volume":"58","author":"S Kooijman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kooijman S, Wang Y, Parlevliet ET et al (2015) Central GLP-1 receptor signalling accelerates plasma clearance of triacylglycerol and glucose by activating brown adipose tissue in mice. Diabetologia 58(11):2637\u20132646. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-015-3727-0","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"6","key":"5021_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30320","volume":"69","author":"Jinhua Yan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yan J, Yao B, Kuang H et al (2018) Liraglutide, sitagliptin and insulin glargine added to metformin: the effect on body weight and intrahepatic lipid in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and NAFLD. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md). \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.30320","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"5021_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2016-2775","volume":"102","author":"JM Petit","year":"2017","unstructured":"Petit JM, Cercueil JP, Loffroy R et al (2017) Effect of liraglutide therapy on liver fat content in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: the Lira-NAFLD Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 102(2):407\u2013415. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2016-2775","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10019","key":"5021_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(15)00803-x","volume":"387","author":"MJ Armstrong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Armstrong MJ, Gaunt P, Aithal GP et al (2016) Liraglutide safety and efficacy in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (LEAN): a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study. Lancet 387(10019):679\u2013690. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(15)00803-x","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"5021_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e50117","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050117","volume":"7","author":"DJ Cuthbertson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cuthbertson DJ, Irwin A, Gardner CJ et al (2012) Improved glycaemia correlates with liver fat reduction in obese, type 2 diabetes, patients given glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. PLoS One 7(12):e50117. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0050117","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"44","key":"5021_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15597","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0405238101","volume":"101","author":"S Ishii","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ishii S, Iizuka K, Miller BC, Uyeda K (2004) Carbohydrate response element binding protein directly promotes lipogenic enzyme gene transcription. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101(44):15597\u201315602. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.0405238101","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"22","key":"5021_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.07.062","volume":"52","author":"LJ Rijzewijk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rijzewijk LJ, van der Meer RW, Smit JW et al (2008) Myocardial steatosis is an independent predictor of diastolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Am Coll Cardiol 52(22):1793\u20131799. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.07.062","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"5021_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.04.068","volume":"52","author":"S Hammer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hammer S, Snel M, Lamb HJ et al (2008) Prolonged caloric restriction in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus decreases myocardial triglyceride content and improves myocardial function. J Am Coll Cardiol 52(12):1006\u20131012. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.04.068","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5021_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12763","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12763","volume":"17","author":"Lujin Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu L, Wang K, Wang W et al (2018) Glucagon-like peptide-1 ameliorates cardiac lipotoxicity in diabetic cardiomyopathy via the PPARalpha pathway. Aging Cell:e12763. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acel.12763","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"issue":"11","key":"5021_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4136","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-00970","volume":"102","author":"A Leonardini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Leonardini A, D\u2019Oria R, Incalza MA et al (2017) GLP-1 Receptor Activation Inhibits Palmitate-Induced Apoptosis via Ceramide in Human Cardiac Progenitor Cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 102(11):4136\u20134147. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2017-00970","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"5021_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.03.597","volume":"68","author":"E Levelt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Levelt E, Pavlides M, Banerjee R et al (2016) Ectopic and visceral fat deposition in lean and obese patients with type 2 diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol 68(1):53\u201363. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.03.597","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"13","key":"5021_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.11.062","volume":"61","author":"AA Mahabadi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mahabadi AA, Berg MH, Lehmann N et al (2013) Association of epicardial fat with cardiovascular risk factors and incident myocardial infarction in the general population: the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 61(13):1388\u20131395. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.11.062","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5021_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41387-017-0016-7","volume":"8","author":"HJ van Eyk","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Eyk HJ, van Schinkel LD, Kantae V et al (2018) Caloric restriction lowers endocannabinoid tonus and improves cardiac function in type 2 diabetes. Nutr Diabetes 8(1):6\u201310. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41387-017-0016-7","journal-title":"Nutr Diabetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"5021_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb2922","volume":"16","author":"YY Chau","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chau YY, Bandiera R, Serrels A et al (2014) Visceral and subcutaneous fat have different origins and evidence supports a mesothelial source. Nat Cell Biol 16(4):367\u2013375. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncb2922","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5021_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827","volume":"375","author":"SP Marso","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marso SP, Daniels GH, Brown-Frandsen K et al (2016) Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 375(4):311\u2013322. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1603827","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"5021_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-121-3-199408010-00008","volume":"121","author":"SN Goodman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Goodman SN, Berlin JA (1994) The use of predicted confidence intervals when planning experiments and the misuse of power when interpreting results. Ann Intern Med 121(3):200\u2013206","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"5021_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.9676","volume":"314","author":"MJ Davies","year":"2015","unstructured":"Davies MJ, Bergenstal R, Bode B et al (2015) Efficacy of liraglutide for weight loss among patients with type 2 diabetes: the SCALE diabetes randomized clinical trial. Jama 314(7):687\u2013699. \nhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2015.9676","journal-title":"Jama"}],"container-title":["Diabetologia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00125-019-05021-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00125-019-05021-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00125-019-05021-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,4]],"date-time":"2020-11-04T00:04:59Z","timestamp":1604448299000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00125-019-05021-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["5021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-019-05021-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-186X","1432-0428"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-186X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0428","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 June 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 August 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 November 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no duality of interest associated with this manuscript.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Duality of interest"}}]}}