{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T12:20:39Z","timestamp":1792498839799,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554681600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4864-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]],"date-time":"2019-04-08T12:35:47Z","timestamp":1554726947000},"page":"877-887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":332,"title":["Digital health technology and mobile devices for the management of diabetes mellitus: state of the art"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Rongzi","family":"Shan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudipa","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7021-7622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seth S.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"4864_CR1","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2018) Digital health. Available from \n                    www.fda.gov\/medicaldevices\/digitalhealth\/\n                    \n                  . Accessed 9 Jan 2019"},{"key":"4864_CR2","unstructured":"Zenith (2017) Smartphone penetration to reach 66% in 2018. Available from \n                    www.zenithmedia.com\/smartphone-penetration-reach-66-2018\/\n                    \n                  . Accessed 9 Jan 2019"},{"key":"4864_CR3","unstructured":"Pew Research Center (2018) Mobile fact sheet. Available from \n                    www.pewinternet.org\/fact-sheet\/mobile\/\n                    \n                  . Accessed 9 Jan 2019"},{"issue":"6","key":"4864_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.34","volume":"12","author":"L Neubeck","year":"2015","unstructured":"Neubeck L, Lowres N, Benjamin EJ et al (2015) The mobile revolution\u2014using smartphone apps to prevent cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 12(6):350\u2013360. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrcardio.2015.34","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"4864_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2010.03180.x","volume":"28","author":"X Liang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liang X, Wang Q, Yang X et al (2011) Effect of mobile phone intervention for diabetes on glycaemic control: a meta-analysis. Diabet Med 28(4):455\u2013463. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1464-5491.2010.03180.x","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4864_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.6309","volume":"5","author":"BC Bonoto","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bonoto BC, de Ara\u00fajo VE, God\u00f3i IP et al (2017) Efficacy of mobile apps to support the care of patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JMIR mHealth uHealth 5(3):e4. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/mhealth.6309","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth uHealth"},{"issue":"4","key":"4864_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.06.001","volume":"45","author":"A Drincic","year":"2016","unstructured":"Drincic A, Prahalad P, Greenwood D, Klonoff DC (2016) Evidence-based mobile medical applications in diabetes. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am 45(4):943\u2013965. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecl.2016.06.001","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"4864_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1259","volume":"34","author":"G Charpentier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Charpentier G, Benhamou P-Y, Dardari D et al (2011) The Diabeo software enabling individualized insulin dose adjustments combined with telemedicine support improves HbA1c in poorly controlled type 1 diabetic patients: a 6-month, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, multicenter trial (TeleDiab 1 Study). Diabetes Care 34(3):533\u2013539. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc10-1259","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"4864_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-1327","volume":"33","author":"MCE Rossi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rossi MCE, Nicolucci A, Di Bartolo P et al (2010) Diabetes Interactive Diary: a new telemedicine system enabling flexible diet and insulin therapy while improving quality of life: an open-label, international, multicenter, randomized study. Diabetes Care 33(1):109\u2013115. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc09-1327","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"4864_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2013.0021","volume":"15","author":"MC Rossi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rossi MC, Nicolucci A, Lucisano G et al (2013) Impact of the \u201cDiabetes Interactive Diary\u201d telemedicine system on metabolic control, risk of hypoglycemia, and quality of life: a randomized clinical trial in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther 15(8):670\u2013679. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/dia.2013.0021","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"4864_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e66","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.9154","volume":"7","author":"N Jeandidier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jeandidier N, Chaillous L, Franc S et al (2018) DIABEO app software and telemedicine versus usual follow-up in the treatment of diabetic patients: protocol for the TELESAGE randomized controlled trial. JMIR Res Protoc 7(4):e66. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/resprot.9154","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"4864_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e180","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4716","volume":"17","author":"N Levy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Levy N, Moynihan V, Nilo A et al (2015) The Mobile insulin titration intervention (MITI) for insulin adjustment in an urban, low-income population: randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res 17(7):e180. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.4716","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"4864_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13584","volume":"35","author":"L Leelarathna","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leelarathna L, Wilmot EG (2018) Flash forward: a review of flash glucose monitoring. Diabet Med 35(4):472\u2013482. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.13584","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"4864_CR14","unstructured":"Center for Devices and Radiological Health US FDA (2019) Premarket approval (PMA). Available from \n                    www.accessdata.fda.gov\/scripts\/cdrh\/cfdocs\/cfpma\/pma.cfm?id=P160030\n                    \n                  . Accessed 9 Jan 2019"},{"key":"4864_CR15","unstructured":"Abbott (2019) Abbott\u2032s Freestyle\u00ae Libre 2, with optional real-time alarms, secures CE mark. Available from \n                    http:\/\/abbott.mediaroom.com\/2018-10-01-Abbott-s-FreeStyle-R-Libre-2-with-Optional-Real-Time-Alarms-Secures-CE-Mark-for-Use-in-Europe\n                    \n                  . Accessed 9 Jan 2019"},{"issue":"10057","key":"4864_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31535-5","volume":"388","author":"J Bolinder","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bolinder J, Antuna R, Geelhoed-Duijvestijn P et al (2016) Novel glucose-sensing technology and hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetes: a multicentre, non-masked, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 388(10057):2254\u20132263. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31535-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"4864_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-016-0223-6","volume":"8","author":"T Haak","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haak T, Hanaire H, Ajjan R et al (2017) Flash glucose-sensing technology as a replacement for blood glucose monitoring for the management of insulin-treated type 2 diabetes: a multicenter, open-label randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Ther 8(1):55\u201373. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13300-016-0223-6","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"4864_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1177\/1479164118756240","volume":"15","author":"RA Ajjan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ajjan RA, Cummings MH, Jennings P et al (2018) Accuracy of flash glucose monitoring and continuous glucose monitoring technologies: implications for clinical practice. Diabetes Vasc Dis Res 15(3):175\u2013184. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1479164118756240","journal-title":"Diabetes Vasc Dis Res"},{"key":"4864_CR19","unstructured":"National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (2015) Emerging practices in diabetes prevention and control: Medicaid coverage for DSME. \n                    https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/diabetes\/pdfs\/programs\/stateandlocal\/emerging_practices-dsme.pdf\n                    \n                  . Accessed 10 Jan 2019"},{"issue":"8","key":"4864_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2013.0056","volume":"15","author":"A-L Orsama","year":"2013","unstructured":"Orsama A-L, L\u00e4hteenm\u00e4ki J, Harno K et al (2013) Active assistance technology reduces glycosylated hemoglobin and weight in individuals with type 2 diabetes: results of a theory-based randomized trial. Diabetes Technol Ther 15(8):662\u2013669. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/dia.2013.0056","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"4864_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e240","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.4897","volume":"17","author":"G Block","year":"2015","unstructured":"Block G, Azar KM, Romanelli RJ et al (2015) Diabetes prevention and weight loss with a fully automated behavioral intervention by email, web, and mobile phone: a randomized controlled trial among persons with prediabetes. J Med Internet Res 17(10):e240. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.4897","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"4864_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2013.10.012","volume":"63","author":"S Arora","year":"2014","unstructured":"Arora S, Peters AL, Burner E et al (2014) Trial to examine text message\u2013based mHealth in emergency department patients with diabetes (TExT-MED): a randomized controlled trial. Ann Emerg Med 63(6):745\u2013754.e6. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2013.10.012","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4864_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e57","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.3882","volume":"2","author":"H Holmen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Holmen H, Torbj\u00f8rnsen A, Wahl AK et al (2014) A mobile health intervention for self-management and lifestyle change for persons with type 2 diabetes, part 2: one-year results from the Norwegian randomized controlled trial RENEWING HEALTH. JMIR mHealth uHealth 2(4):e57. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/mhealth.3882","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth uHealth"},{"issue":"9","key":"4864_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-0366","volume":"34","author":"CC Quinn","year":"2011","unstructured":"Quinn CC, Shardell MD, Terrin ML et al (2011) Cluster-randomized trial of a mobile phone personalized behavioral intervention for blood glucose control. Diabetes Care 34(9):1934\u20131942. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc11-0366","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"4864_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-0230","volume":"40","author":"AL Fortmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fortmann AL, Gallo LC, Garcia MI et al (2017) Dulce Digital: an mHealth SMS-based intervention improves glycemic control in Hispanics with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 40(10):1349\u20131355. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc17-0230","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"4864_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"k1959","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k1959","volume":"361","author":"R Dobson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dobson R, Whittaker R, Jiang Y et al (2018) Effectiveness of text message based, diabetes self management support programme (SMS4BG): two arm, parallel randomised controlled trial. BMJ 361:k1959. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.k1959","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"4864_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/J.AMEPRE.2015.01.003","volume":"49","author":"Y Fukuoka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fukuoka Y, Gay CL, Joiner KL, Vittinghoff E (2015) A novel diabetes prevention intervention using a mobile app: a randomized controlled trial with overweight adults at risk. Am J Prev Med 49(2):223\u2013237. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.AMEPRE.2015.01.003","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"4864_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2008.0283","volume":"10","author":"CC Quinn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Quinn CC, Clough SS, Minor JM et al (2008) WellDoc\u2122 mobile diabetes management randomized controlled trial: change in clinical and behavioral outcomes and patient and physician satisfaction. Diabetes Technol Ther 10(3):160\u2013168. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/dia.2008.0283","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"key":"4864_CR29","unstructured":"Ohannessian R, Yaghobian S (2017) Financing telemedicine in France: a descriptive retrospective study. J Int Soc Telemed eHealth 5(GKR):e35"},{"issue":"2","key":"4864_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e31","DOI":"10.2196\/mhealth.9265","volume":"6","author":"CC Quinn","year":"2018","unstructured":"Quinn CC, Butler EC, Swasey KK et al (2018) Mobile diabetes intervention study of patient engagement and impact on blood glucose: mixed methods analysis. JMIR mHealth uHealth 6(2):e31. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/mhealth.9265","journal-title":"JMIR mHealth uHealth"},{"issue":"1","key":"4864_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1089\/dia.2017.0198","volume":"20","author":"E Burner","year":"2018","unstructured":"Burner E, Lam CN, DeRoss R et al (2018) Using mobile health to improve social support for low-income Latino patients with diabetes: a mixed-methods analysis of the feasibility trial of TExT-MED + FANS. Diabetes Technol Ther 20(1):39\u201348. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/dia.2017.0198","journal-title":"Diabetes Technol Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"4864_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681200600214","volume":"6","author":"AM Bell","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bell AM, Fonda SJ, Walker MS et al (2012) Mobile phone-based video messages for diabetes self-care support. J Diabetes Sci Technol 6(2):310\u2013319. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/193229681200600214","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4864_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-0407.12641","volume":"10","author":"P Foltynski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Foltynski P, Ladyzynski P, Pankowska E, Mazurczak K (2018) Efficacy of automatic bolus calculator with automatic speech recognition in patients with type 1 diabetes: a randomized cross-over trial. J Diabetes 10(7):600\u2013608. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1753-0407.12641","journal-title":"J Diabetes"},{"issue":"10","key":"4864_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.101","volume":"13","author":"EM Antman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Antman EM, Loscalzo J (2016) Precision medicine in cardiology. Nat Rev Cardiol 13(10):591\u2013602. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.101","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol"},{"key":"4864_CR35","unstructured":"Pew Research Center (2015) U.S. smartphone use in 2015 | Pew Research Center. Available from \n                    www.pewinternet.org\/2015\/04\/01\/us-smartphone-use-in-2015\/\n                    \n                  . Accessed 9 Jan 2019"},{"issue":"45","key":"4864_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6545a4","volume":"65","author":"GL Beckles","year":"2016","unstructured":"Beckles GL, Chou C-F (2016) Disparities in the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes \u2014 United States, 1999\u20132002 and 2011\u20132014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 65(45):1265\u20131269. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6545a4","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"4864_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sapharm.2015.04.007","volume":"12","author":"J Gatwood","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gatwood J, Balkrishnan R, Erickson SR et al (2016) The impact of tailored text messages on health beliefs and medication adherence in adults with diabetes: a randomized pilot study. Res Social Adm Pharm 12(1):130\u2013140. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sapharm.2015.04.007","journal-title":"Res Social Adm Pharm"},{"issue":"7","key":"4864_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12439","volume":"31","author":"M Vervloet","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vervloet M, van Dijk L, de Bakker DH et al (2014) Short- and long-term effects of real-time medication monitoring with short message service (SMS) reminders for missed doses on the refill adherence of people with type 2 diabetes: evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Diabet Med 31(7):821\u2013828. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dme.12439","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"key":"4864_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12184","volume":"76","author":"H Brath","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brath H, Morak J, K\u00e4stenbauer T et al (2013) Mobile health (mHealth) based medication adherence measurement \u2013 a pilot trial using electronic blisters in diabetes patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 76:47\u201355. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcp.12184","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Diabetologia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00125-019-4864-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00125-019-4864-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00125-019-4864-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,7]],"date-time":"2020-04-07T19:04:05Z","timestamp":1586286245000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00125-019-4864-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]}},"alternative-id":["4864"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-019-4864-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-186X","1432-0428"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-186X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0428","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 January 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 March 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 April 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"RS and SS report no conflicts of interest. SSM is a founder of and holds equity in Corrie Health, which intends to further develop the digital platform. This arrangement has been reviewed and approved by the Johns Hopkins University in accordance with its conflict of interest policies. SSM also reports receiving personal fees for serving on scientific advisory boards for Amgen, Sanofi, Regeneron, Quest Diagnostics, Akcea Therapeutics, Esperion and Novo Nordisk, as well as grants and research support from the PJ Schafer Cardiovascular Research Fund, the David and June Trone Family Foundation, American Heart Association, Aetna Foundation, Maryland Innovation Initiative, Nokia, iHealth, Google and Apple.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Duality of interest"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}]}}