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However, the prospective relationship between loneliness and type 2 diabetes onset is unclear.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We conducted a longitudinal observational population study with data on 4112 diabetes-free participants (mean age 65.02\u2009\u00b1\u20099.05) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Loneliness was assessed in 2004\u20132005 using the revised University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale. Incident type 2 diabetes cases were assessed from 2006 to 2017. Associations were modelled using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for potential confounders, which included cardiometabolic comorbidities.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 264 (6.42%) participants developed type 2 diabetes over the follow-up period. Loneliness was a significant predictor of incident type 2 diabetes (HR 1.46; 95% CI 1.15, 1.84; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002) independent of age, sex, ethnicity, wealth, smoking status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, BMI, HbA<jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Further analyses detected an association between loneliness and type 2 diabetes onset (HR 1.41; 95% CI 1.04, 1.90; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.027), independent of depressive symptoms, living alone and social isolation. Living alone and social isolation were not significantly associated with type 2 diabetes onset.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusions\/interpretation<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Loneliness is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms underlying this relationship remain to be elucidated.<\/jats:p>\n\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-020-05258-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,14]],"date-time":"2020-09-14T23:14:10Z","timestamp":1600125250000},"page":"2329-2338","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Loneliness and type 2 diabetes incidence: findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"63","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5428-2950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth A.","family":"Hackett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0672-2621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna L.","family":"Hudson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6427-4690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Chilcot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"5258_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s12160-010-9210-8","volume":"40","author":"LC Hawkley","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hawkley LC, Cacioppo JT (2010) Loneliness matters: a theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms. 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