{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T13:05:22Z","timestamp":1790946322140,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686528000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,12]],"date-time":"2023-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686528000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF18CC0034900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF18CC0034900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015223","name":"Danish Diabetes and Endocrine Academy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF17SA0031406"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF17SA0031406"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015223","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003252","name":"Lund University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Aims\/hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Low birthweight is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Most previous studies are based on cross-sectional prevalence data, not designed to study the timing of onset of type 2 diabetes in relation to birthweight. We aimed to examine associations of birthweight with age-specific incidence rate of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged to older adults over two decades.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Adults aged 30\u201360 years enrolled in the Danish Inter99 cohort in 1999\u20132001 (baseline examination), with information on birthweight from original birth records from 1939\u20131971 and without diabetes at baseline, were eligible. Birth records were linked with individual-level data on age at diabetes diagnosis and key covariates. Incidence rates of type 2 diabetes as a function of age, sex and birthweight were modelled using Poisson regression, adjusting for prematurity status at birth, parity, polygenic scores for birthweight and type 2 diabetes, maternal and paternal diabetes history, socioeconomic status and adult BMI.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In 4590 participants there were 492 incident type 2 diabetes cases during a mean follow-up of 19 years. Type 2 diabetes incidence rate increased with age, was higher in male participants, and decreased with increasing birthweight (incidence rate ratio [95% CI per 1 kg increase in birthweight] 0.60 [0.48, 0.75]). The inverse association of birthweight with type 2 diabetes incidence was statistically significant across all models and in sensitivity analysis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions\/interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A lower birthweight was associated with increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes independent of adult BMI and genetic risk of type 2 diabetes and birthweight.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                \n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-023-05937-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,11]],"date-time":"2023-06-11T23:02:11Z","timestamp":1686524531000},"page":"1669-1679","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Low birthweight is associated with a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes over two decades independent of adult BMI and genetic predisposition"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4989-2084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasmus","family":"Wibaek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6125-300X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregers S.","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0994-0184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allan","family":"Linneberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8748-3831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torben","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5526-1070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niels","family":"Grarup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8639-9117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne Cathrine B.","family":"Thuesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4241-3394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasmus T.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0411-8025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan C. 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We also thank senior statistician at Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, B. Carstensen, for his unreserved support with the statistical analysis. This study was presented as an abstract at the ADA, 82nd Scientific Sessions, 3\u20137 June 2022.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Acknowledgements"}},{"value":"Data supporting the findings of this study are available from Statistics Denmark () and the Inter99 database (). Restrictions apply to the accessibility of these data, which were analysed under license for this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data availability"}},{"value":"This work was supported by a research grant from the Danish Diabetes Academy, which is funded by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant no. NNF17SA0031406) and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, which is an independent Research Center based at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark and partially funded by an unconditional donation from the Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant no. NNF18CC0034900). The funding sources were not involved in any part of this study and did not influence the decision to submit the paper for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"DV, GSA and RW hold shares in Novo Nordisk A\/S. DV has received research grants from Bayer A\/S, Sanofi, Novo Nordisk A\/S and Boehringer Ingelheim. The authors declare that there are no other relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Authors\u2019 relationships and activities"}},{"value":"RW, AL, TH, KAP, CB, DV and AV designed the research. RW conducted the research. RW, GSA, JCKW and DV contributed to statistical analysis and interpretation of data. TH, NG, ACBT and RTJ performed genetic analysis. RW and AV wrote the paper. RW and AV had primary responsibility for the final content. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript. RW is guarantor of this study and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analyses.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Contribution statement"}}]}}