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Helmsley Charitable Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007028","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Centre of Research Excellence for the Protection o"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Centre of Research Excellence for the Protection o"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["project grant APP1025083"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["project grant APP1025083"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001786","name":"The University of Adelaide","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001786","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims\/hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dietary patterns characterised by high intakes of vegetables may lower the risk of pre-eclampsia and premature birth in the general population. The effect of dietary patterns in women with type 1 diabetes, who have an increased risk of complications in pregnancy, is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and physical activity during pregnancy and maternal complications and birth outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes. We also compared dietary patterns in women with and without type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diet was assessed in the third trimester using a validated food frequency questionnaire in participants followed prospectively in the multi-centre Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) study. Dietary patterns were characterised by principal component analysis. The Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire was completed in each trimester. Data for maternal and birth outcomes were collected prospectively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Questionnaires were completed by 973 participants during 1124 pregnancies. Women with type 1 diabetes (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      =615 pregnancies with dietary data) were more likely to have a \u2018fresh food\u2019 dietary pattern than women without type 1 diabetes (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07, 1.31;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.001). In women with type 1 diabetes, an increase equivalent to a change from quartile 1 to 3 in \u2018fresh food\u2019 dietary pattern score was associated with a lower risk of pre-eclampsia (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.17, 0.78;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.01) and premature birth (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.20, 0.62,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001). These associations were mediated in part by BMI and HbA\n                      <jats:sub>1c<\/jats:sub>\n                      . The \u2018processed food\u2019 dietary pattern was associated with an increased birthweight (\u03b2 coefficient 56.8 g, 95% CI 2.8, 110.8;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.04). Physical activity did not relate to outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\/interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A dietary pattern higher in fresh foods during pregnancy was associated with sizeable reductions in risk of pre-eclampsia and premature birth in women with type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-024-06259-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T07:02:17Z","timestamp":1725260537000},"page":"2420-2432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Dietary patterns during pregnancy and maternal and birth outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes: the Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7807-4144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca L.","family":"Thomson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5190-4833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James D.","family":"Brown","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1057-7615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Oakey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7421-6291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kirsten","family":"Palmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4654-3281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pat","family":"Ashwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9617-0826","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan A. S.","family":"Penno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7893-6998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly J.","family":"McGorm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Battersby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8718-6175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter G.","family":"Colman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6004-576X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria E.","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4244-5473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7909-3670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tony","family":"Huynh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2500-8944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonard C.","family":"Harrison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9954-5016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aveni","family":"Haynes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5998-222X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard O.","family":"Sinnott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6580-0346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter J.","family":"Vuillermin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5197-3529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John M.","family":"Wentworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia","family":"Soldatos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4448-8629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Couper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of the ENDIA Study Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"6259_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0656","volume":"32","author":"M Persson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Persson M, Norman M, Hanson U (2009) Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in type 1 diabetic pregnancies: a large, population-based study. 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A list of members of the ENDIA study team can be found in the\n                      \n                      .","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Acknowledgements"}},{"value":"Data used in this study were derived from the ENDIA study. Data from the ENDIA study are available upon reasonable request via email to the corresponding author or endia@adelaide.edu.au.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data availability"}},{"value":"Open Access funding enabled and organized by CAUL and its Member Institutions. This research was supported by JDRF Australia, the recipient of the Commonwealth of Australia grant for Accelerated Research under the Medical Research Future Fund, and with funding from the Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust (grant key 3-SRA-2023-1374-M-N, 3-SRA-2020-966-M-N, 1-SRA-2019-871-M-B, 4-SRA-2015-127-M-B), The National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia (Centre of Research Excellence for the Protection of Pancreatic Beta Cell and project grant APP1025083) and Diabetes SA. The study funders were not involved in the design of the study; the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; writing the report; and did not impose any restrictions regarding the publication of the report.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Authors\u2019 relationships and activities"}},{"value":"RLT and JJC conceived the study. RLT, JJC, HO, GS and KP designed the study. RLT, JJC, PA, MASP, KJM, RB, PGC, MEC, EAD, TH, LCH, AH, GS, PJV and JMW collected data required for the study and oversaw implementation of ethical practice and the ENDIA protocol at the clinical sites. JDB performed the statistical analysis and HO supervised the statistical analysis. ROS contributed to data curation and supervised the storage and maintenance of all data for the study. RLT, JDB, JJC and HO wrote the manuscript. All authors provided critical revision and approved the final version of the manuscript. RLT and HO are the guarantors of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Contribution statement"}}]}}