{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T03:22:53Z","timestamp":1740108173603,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Strategic Research Program in Epidemiology at Karolinska Institutet"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Vetenskapsr\u00e5det","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-02640","2019-01471","2023-02327"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-02640","2019-01471","2023-02327"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003793","name":"Hj\u00e4rt-Lungfonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20190505","20210416"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20190505","20210416"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003793","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010663","name":"H2020 European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERC-STG-2018-801965"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC-STG-2018-801965"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006636","name":"Forskningsr\u00e5det om H\u00e4lsa, Arbetsliv och V\u00e4lf\u00e4rd","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020-00372"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020-00372"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006636","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007051","name":"Uppsala University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007051","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Aims\/hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The potential impact of childhood bereavement\u2014a severe psychological stressor\u2014on childhood type 1 diabetes development remains unclear. Here, we aimed to bridge this knowledge gap and assess whether bereavement characteristics influenced any impact.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We conducted a register-based cohort study encompassing 3,598,159 children born in Sweden between 1987 and 2020. Childhood bereavement was defined as the death of a biological mother, father or sibling. Diagnosis of type\u00a01 diabetes in childhood (&lt;18 years) was ascertained through the National Patient Register. We applied a Cox proportional hazards regression model to investigate the impact of childhood bereavement on type\u00a01 diabetes, while adjusting for potential confounders (including parental type\u00a01 diabetes status, country of birth and demographic characteristics).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>During follow-up, 86,226 children (2.4%) lost a family member, and 18,817 children (0.52%) were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (median age at onset 9.1 years). We did not detect any overall association between childhood bereavement and type 1 diabetes (adjusted HR 1.04; 95% CI 0.93, 1.17). We found no influence of age at loss, cause of death, familial relationship to the deceased, and time since loss.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\/interpretation<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In this large population-based Swedish study, we observed no evidence supporting a link between childhood bereavement and type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-024-06340-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T01:02:49Z","timestamp":1734570169000},"page":"549-556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bereavement and type 1 diabetes in childhood: a register-based cohort study in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8845-8846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona-Lisa","family":"Wernroth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0066-4814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatrice","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3649-2639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katja","family":"Fall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9680-5772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diem","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4653-6615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Awad I.","family":"Smew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7666-073X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Per-Ola","family":"Carlsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6393-3439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bodil","family":"Svennblad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1045-1898","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Almqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2071-5866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tove","family":"Fall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10035","key":"6340_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2340","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30507-4","volume":"387","author":"M Rewers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rewers M, Ludvigsson J (2016) Environmental risk factors for type 1 diabetes. 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Wernroth, Uppsala University, available from ,\u00a0and a short oral discussion was presented at the EASD Annual Meeting in September 2021.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Acknowledgements"}},{"value":"Restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under licence and ethical approval and are not publicly available. However, data are available from the authors upon reasonable request and with written permission from the Swedish Ethical Review Authority, subject to legal contracts regarding the general data protection regulations (GDPR) and personal data processing agreements between Uppsala University and the recipient research entity.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data availability"}},{"value":"Open access funding provided by Uppsala University. We acknowledge financial support from the European Research Council (ERC-STG-2018-801965 to TF), the Swedish Research Council (VR 2019-01471 to TF and 2018-02640 and 2023-02327 to CA), the Swedish Heart\u2013Lung Foundation (20190505 to TF and 20210416 to CA), Forte (2020\u201300372 to TF) and the Strategic Research Program in Epidemiology at the Karolinska Institutet.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"TF is a member of the editorial board of Diabetologia. The authors declare that there are no other relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Authors\u2019 relationships and activities"}},{"value":"The study was designed by M-LW, BK, KF, BS, CA and TF. M-LW performed the statistical analysis, and wrote the first draft. All authors contributed with invaluable support for data analyses, interpretation of findings and critical revision of the article, and approved the final version for publication. TF is the guarantor of this work, and, as such, has full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Contribution statement"}}]}}