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It is not known whether LBW is associated with an increased risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) among people with a type 2 diabetes diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Original midwife records were retrieved for 5982 participants with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes enrolled in the Danish Center for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2) cohort between 2010 and 2024. They were followed until first incident CKD diagnosis, defined as either two eGFR measurements &lt;60 ml\/min per 1.73m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> or two urine albumin\/creatinine ratio (UACR) measurements &gt;3 mg\/mmol, each 90\u2013365 days apart. Confounder-standardised 10\u00a0year risks of CKD were estimated, with death considered as a competing risk. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for CKD were computed using Cox and spline regression analyses. All analyses were controlled for differences in sex, age at enrolment, calendar year at birth, family history of diabetes and born-at-term status. Mixed-effects models were used to examine the trajectories of eGFR and UACR following enrolment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 1501 incident CKD endpoints occurred, corresponding to an incidence rate of 42.4 per 1000 person-years over a median follow-up time of 8.3 years. Spline models with birthweight as a continuous measure showed progressively increasing aHRs for CKD with decreasing birthweight. The 10-year standardised risk of CKD was 36.0% in people with LBW (&lt;2500 g) and 30.6% in people with a normal birthweight (2500\u20134000\u00a0g), yielding a risk difference (RD) of 5.5% (95% CI \u22120.5%, 11.8%) and an aHR of 1.23 (95% CI 0.98, 1.55). People with type 2 diabetes and high birthweight (&gt;4000 g) had a similar 10-year standardised CKD risk compared with normal birthweight (33.1% and 30.6%, respectively). This yielded an RD of 2.5% (95% CI \u22121.6%, 6.7%) and an aHR of 1.10 (95% CI 0.93, 1.29). In mixed-effects models examining eGFR and UACR trajectories, each 1\u00a0kg decrease in birthweight was associated with a 6.6% (95% CI 1.9, 11.1) increase in UACR, whereas no association was found for eGFR.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\/interpretation<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A history of LBW was associated with elevated risk of CKD among people with a recent type 2 diabetes diagnosis, although the precision of risk estimates was limited.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-024-06357-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T04:45:11Z","timestamp":1738385111000},"page":"778-791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Birthweight and risk of chronic kidney disease after a type 2 diabetes diagnosis in the DD2 cohort"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9514-8942","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksander L.","family":"Hansen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0727-953X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian F.","family":"Christiansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6653-9020","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charlotte","family":"Br\u00f8ns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-9496-1297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonie M.","family":"Engelhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8748-3831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torben","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3179-1186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens S.","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9046-2967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Vestergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0891-4224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kurt","family":"H\u00f8jlund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5613-7274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niels","family":"Jessen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2230-5780","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael H.","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4299-7040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henrik T.","family":"S\u00f8rensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1531-4294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Rossing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9135-3474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reimar W.","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3690-2191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allan","family":"Vaag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"6357_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1344s","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.5.1344s","volume":"71","author":"KM Godfrey","year":"2000","unstructured":"Godfrey KM, Barker DJ (2000) Fetal nutrition and adult disease. 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The authors sincerely thank the DD2 management and DD2 data managers. An abstract version of this study was presented at the ADA 2024 annual meeting in Orlando, Florida (21\u201324 June 2024) and at the EASD 2024 annual meeting in Madrid (10\u201313 September 2024).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Acknowledgements"}},{"value":"Danish data protection legislation does not allow sharing of the individual-level personal data used for this study. However, a data dictionary for variables used in the study and analysis code is in preparation and will be shared and made publicly available on the DD2 website,  when available. Requests to access the Danish health registries used in this study may be sent from researchers at authorised research institutions to the Danish Health Data Authority by email (forskerservice@sundhedsdata.dk). Requests to use the primary DD2 data may be made by email using the link at .","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data availability"}},{"value":"Open access funding provided by Lund University. The DD2 study was supported by the Danish Agency for Science (grant numbers 09-067009 and 09-075724), the Danish Health and Medicines Authority, the Danish Diabetes Association, the Region of Southern Denmark and the Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant numbers NNF17SA0030962-2, NNF2000063292, NNF17SA0030364, NNF18CC0034900 and NNF23SA0084103). The project partners are listed on the  website. The work was partly funded by\u00a0the Swedish Research Council (EXODIAB, 2009-1039; 2018-02837). The funders of the study were not involved in the design of the study, the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, or writing the report. They did not impose any restrictions regarding publication of the report. The Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, receives funding for other studies in the form of institutional research grants to (and administered by) Aarhus University.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"CB owns stock in Novo Nordisk. MHO has received payments or honoraria for lectures, presentations or educational events from AstraZeneca and Boehringer Ingelheim, has an unpaid position as chair of the Danish Hypertension Society, and is a nucleus member of the Working Group for Prevention and Rehabilitation, Danish Society of Cardiology. None of these studies have any relation to the present study. The authors declare that there are no other relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Authors\u2019 relationships and activities"}},{"value":"AV conceived and designed the study. JSN was the principal manager of the Danish Center for Strategic Research in Type 2 Diabetes (DD2). ALH performed the statistical analysis, prepared the first draft of the manuscript, and revised the draft. All authors contributed to the interpretation of data and critically revised the content of the draft. AV and RWT supervised the study. All authors gave final approval of the version to be published. As such, they had full access to all data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. AV is the guarantor of the study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Contribution statement"}}]}}