{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T03:20:26Z","timestamp":1793330426056,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000361","name":"Diabetes UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12\/0004473"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12\/0004473"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000361","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000361","name":"Diabetes UK","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14\/0004967"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14\/0004967"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000361","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Aims\/hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>People of Black African (BA) ancestry are disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes when compared with people of White European (WE) descent, despite lower levels of ectopic fat. Impaired beta cell function is a key pathophysiological feature of type 2 diabetes. It remains to be determined whether an associative relationship exists between intrapancreatic lipid (IPL) accumulation and beta cell function, and whether this differs by ethnicity.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Fifty-three BA (23 normal glucose tolerance, 11 impaired glucose tolerance and 19 type 2 diabetes) and 51 WE (23\/13\/15) men underwent a hyperglycaemic clamp and mixed-meal tolerance test to assess insulin secretion and beta cell function, a hyperinsulinaemic\u2013euglycaemic clamp to measure insulin sensitivity and Dixon MRI to determine IPL. Associations between IPL and beta cell function were assessed using linear regression.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>IPL was lower in BA compared with WE men (mean\u00a0\u00b1 SD; 7.6\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02.6% vs 8.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a03.7%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.038), but after adjustment for waist circumference this ethnic difference no longer occurred (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.278). BA men with type 2 diabetes had lower total insulin secretion response to the mixed-meal (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.001) and hyperglycaemic clamp (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.002), but no ethnic differences were observed in the disposition index within glucose tolerance groups. IPL was inversely associated with beta cell function in the WE but not the BA men, but after adjustment for confounders these associations were not significant.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\/interpretation<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Ethnic differences were apparent as beta cell function was inversely associated with IPL in the WE, but not BA, men. However, in both ethnic groups, this relationship appears secondary to other factors, such as adiposity, in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-025-06514-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T11:32:29Z","timestamp":1754479949000},"page":"2290-2295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ethnic differences in beta cell function and pancreatic fat in Black African and White European men across a spectrum of glucose tolerance"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"68","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1391-4349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gr\u00e1inne","family":"Whelehan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7134-4773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olah","family":"Hakim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2775-342X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meera","family":"Ladwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3850-0425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oluwatoyosi","family":"Bello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2184-4865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle H.","family":"Bodicoat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6147-7919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. Margot","family":"Umpleby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2686-5531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie A.","family":"Amiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9633-8759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise M.","family":"Goff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"6514_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12039","volume":"30","author":"R Taylor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Taylor R (2013) Banting memorial lecture 2012: reversing the twin cycles of type 2 diabetes. 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Pernet, B. Wilson and I. D. Abreu (Diabetes Research Group, King\u2019s College Hospital, London, UK) for assisting with the metabolic assessments; A. C. Perz (Nutritional Science Department, King\u2019s College London, London, UK), T. Dew (ViaPath, King\u2019s College Hospital), D. Curtis and L. Coppin (Diabetes and Metabolic Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK) for assistance with sample processing and laboratory analysis; E. Giemsa (Clinical Research Facility, King\u2019s College Hospital) for accommodating the participant visits; B. Whitcher and H. Shuaib (Klarismo, UK) for conducting the automated MRI analysis; G. C. Edwards (Biomedical Engineering Department, King\u2019s College London) for MRI methods and analysis; the staff of the Clinical Research Facility at King\u2019s College Hospital for help in performing the studies; and the study participants for their time and commitment.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Acknowledgements"}},{"value":"The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data availability"}},{"value":"This work was funded by Diabetes UK project grants (12\/0004473 and 14\/0004967). GW is currently supported by the NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Authors\u2019 relationships and activities"}},{"value":"LMG, SAA and AMU formulated the research question and study design. GW wrote the manuscript. LMG, GW, DHB, SAA, AMU, OB, ML and OH contributed towards the acquisition, analysis or interpretation of data for the manuscript. All authors contributed to drafting or critically revising the manuscript before giving final approval of the version to be published. All authors agree to be accountable for all aspects of their work and will ensure that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. LMG is the guarantor of this work, had full access to all the data and takes full responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of data analysis.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Contribution statement"}}]}}