{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T16:00:28Z","timestamp":1792425628232,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020098","name":"Innovative Health Initiative","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Innovative Health Initiative Joint Undertaking (I"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Innovative Health Initiative Joint Undertaking (I"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Diabetologia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims\/hypothesis<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Paediatric population screening for type 1 diabetes is emerging internationally. It is critically important to understand the acceptability of screening to inform these initiatives. In this systematic review, we aimed to assess the psychosocial impact, acceptability and ethics of screening for paediatric type 1 diabetes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, APA PsycInfo, ASSIA, CINAHL, Web of Science, Scopus, and included quantitative, mixed methods and qualitative articles until 25 November 2025. We assessed the emotional, cognitive and behavioural implications, acceptability or ethics of type 1 diabetes early detection for parents and\/or children. We used the mixed methods appraisal tool and critical appraisal skills checklists for quality assessment. We performed a mixed methods evidence synthesis, identifying key themes from qualitative data and merging with quantitative data to generate meta-inferences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy articles (12 qualitative, 57 quantitative and one mixed methods) involving 62,244 parents and 6363 children aged &lt;18 years were included. Seven articles (10.0%) met all quality criteria (high quality), 43 (61.4%) met 60\u201380% of criteria (moderate quality) and 20 (28.6%) met &lt;50% of criteria (low quality). We generated five themes and 19 sub-themes. Identification of early-stage type 1 diabetes generated anxiety, which waned over time but could recur. Overall, parents who opted into an early detection research programme valued knowing their child\u2019s risk and perceived benefits to outweigh harms, although paediatric blood sampling was considered challenging. Research ethics of screening centred on joint decision making according to the child\u2019s age, right to results disclosure and importance of data integrity. We synthesised a large pool of heterogenous studies, reflecting how understanding of early disease has evolved, but likely influencing the acceptability of screening.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions\/interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This, the most comprehensive review of the literature to date, demonstrates that despite the emotional, cognitive and behavioural implications, thus far, screening and early detection of paediatric type 1 diabetes appears to be acceptable to parents\/guardians who take part but critical evidence gaps remain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO registration no. CRD42024566937<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Funding<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>EDENT1FI (grant no. 101132379)<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-026-06717-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:09:53Z","timestamp":1777633793000},"page":"1759-1781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Psychosocial implications, acceptability and ethics of screening for paediatric type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and mixed methods evidence synthesis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Lauren 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Mathieu, P. Gillard, K. Casteels, B. van der Schueren, L. Overbergh, J. Vercauteren (KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium);A. G. Ziegler, P. Achenbach, F. Haupt, C. Winkler, S. Hummel (Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, Munich, Germany);F. Reschke, O. Kordonouri, T. von dem Berge, K. Lange (Hannoversche Kinderheilanstalt, Children's Hospital AUF DER BULT,\u00a0Hannover, Germany);T. Pieber, J. Mader, S. Moitzi (Medical University Of Graz, Graz, Austria);S. Del Prato, B. Torbeyns (European Diabetes Forum, Brussels, Belgium);Z. Sumnik, O. Cinek, V. Neuman, B. Berka (University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czechia);F. Pociot, B. Petersen, J. Antvorskov, J. H. Klaebel (Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Region Hovedstaden, Denmark);R. Lahesmaa (University of Turku, Turku, Finland);H. Hy\u00f6ty (Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland);J. E. Laiho (Tampere University, Tampere, Finland);E. Bonifacio, R. Berner, A. Hommel, A. Loff, G. Gemulla, N. Zubizarreta (Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Dresden, Germany);E. Bosi, L. Piemonti, V. Lampasona (IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy);F. Dotta, G. Sebastiani (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy);A. Szypowska, K. Karczewski (Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland);P. Jarosz-Chobot (Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland);J. F. Raposo, R. Ribeiro, R. Coelho (Associacao Protectora dos Diabeticos de Portugal, Lisbon, Portugal);M. Peakman, E. Niemoeller, M. Baccara-Dinet (Sanofi, Paris, France);J. Van Rampelbergh (Imcyse SA, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium);R. Bergholdt, K. Fogh (Novo Nordisk A\/S, Bagsv\u00e6rd, Denmark);O. Cohen, M. I. Buompensiere (Medtronic Bakken Research Center B.V, Maastricht, the Netherlands);C. Hurtado del Pozo, E. Latres (Breakthrough T1D, New York, NY, USA);G. Agiostratidou, A. Koralova (The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, New York, NY, USA).Associated partners of the EDENT1FI Consortium:J. Jackson, D. Darrock, H. Tewson (Digostics Limited, Didcot, UK);S. Nagallas (Diabetomics, Inc., Hillsboro, OR, USA);J. Hedrick, K. Collins (Critical Path Institute, Tuscon, AZ, USA);T. Tree (King\u2019s College London, London, UK);C. Dayan, K. Hood, J. Townson, R. Playle (Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK);R. Besser (University of Oxford, Oxford, UK);P. Narendran, I. Litchfield, S. Greenfield, R. Dias (The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK);S. Chen, Marie Amoroso (RSR Limited, Cardiff, UK);D. Agardh (University of Lund, Lund, Sweden).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Acknowledgements"}},{"value":"The datasets generated during this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data availability"}},{"value":"The European action for the Diagnosis of Early Non-clinical Type 1 diabetes For disease Interception (EDENT1FI) is supported by the Innovative Health Initiative Joint Undertaking (IHI JU) under grant agreement no. 101132379. The JU receives support from the European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme, The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, Breakthrough T1D, EFPIA, COCIR, Vaccines Europe, EuropaBio and MedTech. Additional funding is provided to associated UK partners through the UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) Guarantee Fund. Views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union, the private members, and contributing partners of the IHI JU. Neither of these parties can be held responsible for them.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Funding"}},{"value":"RPD received honoraria from Sanofi for advisory board participation (speaker fee). MP and JLD are employees of Sanofi. CM has the following disclosures: (1) consulting fees from Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Eli Lilly and Company, Novartis, Dexcom, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Roche, Abbott, Medtronic, Insulet, Biomea Fusion, SAB Bio and Vertex; (2) honoraria from Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Eli Lilly and Company, Dexcom, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Roche, Abbott, Medtronic and Vertex; (3) data safety monitoring\/advisory board of Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Eli Lilly and Company, Novartis, Dexcom, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, Roche, Abbott, Medtronic, Insulet, Biomea Fusion, SAB Bio and Vertex; and (4) President of EASD and Vice-President of EUD. EB has the following disclosures: (1) Helmsley Charitable Trust, EU \u2013 European Commission Funding for the EDENT1FI project; (2) Helmsley Charitable Trust - Grants for newborn genetic screening and primary prevention trials and grant for islet autoantibody screening; (3) BMBF (The Federal Ministry of Education and Research) - Grant for islet autoantibody screening; (4) Sanofi Honoraria for Speaker, Sanofi, Madrid 2024 and honoraria for speaking to Sanofi employees; (5) Pharmaceutical Consulting GmbH, China 2024 - Honoraria for two online lectures; and (6) Sanofi - Travel for attending the 2024 EASD meeting, Madrid. AGZ has the following disclosures: (1) Horizon Europe, IHI Innovative Health Initiative, EDENT1FI, grant no. 101132379; (2) The Leona M. & Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust, EDENT1FI, grant no. 2302-06621; served as a member of the advisory boards for (3) Sanofi-Aventis France; (4) Georg Thieme Verlag KG; (5) Novo Nordisk Norway AS; (6) Deutschen Diabetes Gesellschaft e.V. (DDG); (7) Provention Bio (Rho. Inc.) Sanofi; (8) Sanofi US Services Inc.; (9) ITB-Med; and (10) Sanofi-Aventis US and received support to give lectures sponsored by Sanofi-Aventis. The authors declare that there are no other relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Authors\u2019 relationships and activities"}},{"value":"LMQ, DS and OB researched data, contributed to discussion, wrote the first draft of the manuscript and reviewed and edited the manuscript. FM, GP, MJR, FG, AC, LBD, RS, MA, AGZ, EB, CM, MP, JLD, CH, JV, LO, EB, VEDM, KB, KL, RPD, IL, SMG, FKB and PN contributed to discussion, reviewed and edited the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript. LMQ is the guarantor of this work and, as such, had full access to all the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Contribution statement"}}]}}