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Parts of this work were presented in abstract form at the 61st Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), 2025.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Acknowledgements","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"All data generated or analysed during this study are available from the corresponding authors upon reasonable request from the date of publication and for at least 5 years thereafter. Requests should briefly describe the proposed non-commercial academic use. Approved data will be shared electronically, subject to applicable institutional data transfer agreements.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Data availability","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos 82100860 and 82370864), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (grant no. 2019A1515110658) and the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou (grant no. 2024A04J4869).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Funding","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there are no relationships or activities that might bias, or be perceived to bias, their work.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Authors\u2019 relationships and activities","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}},{"value":"XZ and QW drafted the manuscript. XZ, QW, QC, MW, SW and YR contributed to the acquisition and analysis of data. XZ, QW and YR contributed to the interpretation of data. HC and YR contributed to the conception and the study design. All authors reviewed and revised the manuscript critically for important intellectual content and approved the final version. HC and YR are the guarantors of this work and take full responsibility for the manuscript.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Contribution statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics"}}]}}