{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T19:38:21Z","timestamp":1788032301964,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,5]],"date-time":"2008-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1215216000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc Psychiat Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-008-0396-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,5]],"date-time":"2008-07-05T04:52:27Z","timestamp":1215233547000},"page":"39-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Morale is high in acute inpatient psychiatry"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Len","family":"Bowers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Whittington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"396_CR1","first-page":"171","volume":"2","author":"J Adams","year":"1995","unstructured":"Adams J, Whittington R (1995) Verbal aggression to psychiatric staff: traumatic stressor or part of the job? Perspect Psychiatr Care 2:171\u2013174","journal-title":"Perspect Psychiatr Care"},{"key":"396_CR2","volume-title":"Team climate inventory (TCI): user\u2019s guide","author":"N Anderson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Anderson N, West M (1999) Team climate inventory (TCI): user\u2019s guide. NFER-NELSON Publishing, Windsor"},{"key":"396_CR3","volume-title":"Untapped potential: a survey of RCN members working in mental health. RCN policy unit & RCN mental health nursing forum","author":"J Ball","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ball J (2007) Untapped potential: a survey of RCN members working in mental health. RCN policy unit & RCN mental health nursing forum. Royal College of Nursing, London"},{"key":"396_CR4","volume-title":"Multifactor leadership questionnaire","author":"B Bass","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bass B, Avolio B (1995) Multifactor leadership questionnaire. Mind Garden, Redwood City"},{"key":"396_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2006.20.3.281","volume":"20","author":"L Bowers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bowers L, Allan T (2006) The attitude to personality disorder questionnaire: psychometric properties and results. J Personal Disord 20:281\u2013293","journal-title":"J Personal Disord"},{"key":"396_CR6","volume-title":"The right people for the job: choosing staff that will adjust positively and productively to working in the new personality disorder (PD) services. Report to the home office","author":"L Bowers","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bowers L, Carr-Walker P, Allan T, et al. (2003) The right people for the job: choosing staff that will adjust positively and productively to working in the new personality disorder (PD) services. Report to the home office. City University, London"},{"key":"396_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2005.10.005","volume":"29","author":"L Bowers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bowers L, Carr-Walker P, Allan T, et al. (2006) Attitude to personality disorder among prison officers working in a dangerous and severe personality disorder unit. Int J Law Psychiatry 29:333\u2013342","journal-title":"Int J Law Psychiatry"},{"key":"396_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.5","volume":"15","author":"L Bowers","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bowers L, Carr-Walker P, Paton J, et al. (2005) Changes in attitudes to personality disorder on a DSPD unit. Crim Behav Ment Health 15:171\u2013183","journal-title":"Crim Behav Ment Health"},{"key":"396_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bowers L, Douzenis A, Galeazzi G, et al. (2005) Disruptive and dangerous behaviour by patients on acute psychiatric wards in three European centres. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 40:822\u2013828","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-005-0967-1"},{"key":"396_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2004.04.008","volume":"24","author":"L Bowers","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bowers L, Simpson A, Alexander J, et al. (2004) Cultures of psychiatry and the professional socialization process: the case of containment methods for disturbed patients. Nurse Educ Today 24:435\u2013442","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"key":"396_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0349.2006.00428.x","volume":"15","author":"L Bowers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bowers L, Simpson A, Eyres S, et al. (2006) Serious untoward incidents and their aftermath in acute inpatient psychiatry: the Tompkins acute ward study. Int J Ment Health Nurs 15:226\u2013234","journal-title":"Int J Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"396_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2006.01.005","volume":"44","author":"L Bowers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bowers L, Van der Werf B, Vokkolainen A, et al. (2007) International variation in attitudes to containment measures for disturbed psychiatric inpatients. Int J Nurs Stud 44:357\u2013364","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"396_CR13","volume-title":"The city 128 study of observation and outcomes on acute psychiatric wards. Report to the NHS SDO Programme","author":"L Bowers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bowers L, Whittington R, Nolan P, et al. (2007) The city 128 study of observation and outcomes on acute psychiatric wards. Report to the NHS SDO Programme. NHS SDO Programme, London"},{"key":"396_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2850.2006.00956.x","volume":"13","author":"G Brennan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brennan G, Flood C, Bowers L (2006) Constraints and blocks to change and improvement on acute psychiatric wards\u2014lessons from the city nurses project. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 13:475\u2013482","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs"},{"key":"396_CR15","unstructured":"Cahill J, Gilbody S, Barkham M, et al. (2004) Systematic review of staff morale in inpatient units in mental health settings. Report for the national co-ordinating centre for NHS service delivery & organisation R & D (NCCSDO). Leeds, NCCSDO"},{"key":"396_CR16","volume-title":"Acute inpatient mental health care: education, training and continuing professional development for all. 1\u201361","author":"S Clarke","year":"2004","unstructured":"Clarke S (2004) Acute inpatient mental health care: education, training and continuing professional development for all. 1\u201361. Department of Health and National Institute for Mental Health England, London"},{"key":"396_CR17","volume-title":"Mental health policy implementation guide. Adult acute inpatient care provision","author":"Department of Health","year":"2002","unstructured":"Department of Health (2002) Mental health policy implementation guide. Adult acute inpatient care provision. Department of Health, London"},{"key":"396_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1177\/002076409604200204","volume":"42","author":"L Fagin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fagin L, Carson J, Leary J, et al. (1996) Stress, coping and burnout in mental health nurses: findings from three research studies. Int J Soc Psychiatry 42:102\u2013111","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"key":"396_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2007.04169.x","volume":"58","author":"C Foster","year":"2008","unstructured":"Foster C, Bowers L, Nijman H (2008) Aggressive behaviour on acute psychiatric wards: prevalence, severity and management. J Adv Nurs 58:140\u2013149","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"396_CR20","volume-title":"Acute care 2004. A national survey of adult psychiatric wards in England","author":"I Garcia","year":"2005","unstructured":"Garcia I, Kennett C, Quraishi M, et al. (2005) Acute care 2004. A national survey of adult psychiatric wards in England. Sainsbury Centre for Mental Health, London"},{"key":"396_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.3928\/0022-0124-19900501-11","volume":"21","author":"L Goodykoontz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Goodykoontz L, Herrick CA (2003) Evaluation of an inservice education program regarding aggressive behavior in a psychiatric unit. J Contin Educ Nurs 21:129\u2013133","journal-title":"J Contin Educ Nurs"},{"key":"396_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1991.tb00707.x","volume":"5","author":"J Kiely","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kiely J (1991) Some conceptual problems in multivariable analysis of perinatal mortality. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol 5:243\u2013257","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"396_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2005.05.002","volume":"19","author":"D Kindy","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kindy D, Peterson S, Parkhurst D (2005) Perilous work: nurses\u2019 experiences in psychiatric units with high risks of assault. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 19:169\u2013175","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nurs"},{"key":"396_CR24","volume-title":"The Maslach burnout inventory","author":"C Maslach","year":"1981","unstructured":"Maslach C, Jackson S (1981) The Maslach burnout inventory. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto"},{"key":"396_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.52.1.397","volume":"52","author":"C Maslach","year":"2001","unstructured":"Maslach C, Schaufeli WB, Leiter MP (2001) Job burnout. Annu Rev Psychol 52:397\u2013422","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"396_CR26","first-page":"366","volume":"31","author":"M McGeorge","year":"2001","unstructured":"McGeorge M, Lelliott P, Stewart J, et al. (2001) Managing violence in psychiatric wards: preliminary findings of a multi-centre audit. Ment Health Care 31:366\u2013369","journal-title":"Ment Health Care"},{"key":"396_CR27","volume-title":"Ward atmosphere scale manual","author":"R Moos","year":"1974","unstructured":"Moos R (1974) Ward atmosphere scale manual. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto"},{"key":"396_CR28","volume-title":"Evaluating treatment environments","author":"R Moos","year":"1997","unstructured":"Moos R (1997) Evaluating treatment environments. Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick"},{"key":"396_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.155.3.384","volume":"155","author":"P Noble","year":"1989","unstructured":"Noble P, Rodger S (1989) Violence by psychiatric in-patients. Br J Psychiatry 155:384\u2013390","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"396_CR30","volume-title":"The English indices of deprivation 2004","author":"M Noble","year":"2004","unstructured":"Noble M, Wright G, Dibben C, et al. (2004) The English indices of deprivation 2004. OPDM Publications, West Yorkshire"},{"key":"396_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-007-0228-6","volume":"42","author":"K Snorgard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Snorgard K, Ryan P, Hill R, et al. (2007) Sources of stress and burnout in acute psychiatric care: inpatient vs. community staff. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 42:794\u2013802","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"396_CR32","first-page":"281","volume":"24","author":"C Sprigg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sprigg C, Armitage C, Hollis K (2007) Verbal abuse in the National Health Service; impressions of the prevalence, perceived reasons for and relationships with staff psychological well-being. Emerg Med 24:281\u2013282","journal-title":"Emerg Med"},{"key":"396_CR33","volume-title":"Mental health nursing: addressing acute concerns","author":"Standing Nursing, Midwifery Advisory Committee","year":"1999","unstructured":"Standing Nursing, Midwifery Advisory Committee (1999) Mental health nursing: addressing acute concerns. SNMAC, Department of Health, London"},{"key":"396_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.1993.18040591.x","volume":"18","author":"P Sullivan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sullivan P (1993) Occupational stress in psychiatric nursing. J Adv Nurs 18:591\u2013601","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"396_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198306000-00010","volume":"171","author":"PD Werner","year":"1983","unstructured":"Werner PD, Yesagave JA, Becker JMT, et al. (1983) Hostile words and assaultive behaviour on an acute in-patient psychiatric unit. J Nerv Ment Dis 171 385\u2013387","journal-title":"J Nerv Ment Dis"}],"container-title":["Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-008-0396-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00127-008-0396-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-008-0396-z","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,12]],"date-time":"2021-09-12T22:53:45Z","timestamp":1631487225000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00127-008-0396-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,5]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"alternative-id":["396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-008-0396-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7954","1433-9285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7954","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-9285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,5]]}}}