{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T05:20:51Z","timestamp":1792128051106,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,31]],"date-time":"2013-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388448000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,31]],"date-time":"2013-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1388448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Religious delusions are common and are considered to be particularly difficult to treat. In this study we investigated what psychological processes may underlie the reported treatment resistance. In particular, we focused on the perceptual, cognitive, affective and behavioural mechanisms held to maintain delusions in cognitive models of psychosis, as these form the key treatment targets in cognitive behavioural therapy. We compared religious delusions to delusions with other content.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Comprehensive measures of symptoms and psychological processes were completed by 383 adult participants with delusions and a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis, drawn from two large studies of cognitive behavioural therapy for psychosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Binary logistic regression showed that religious delusions were associated with higher levels of grandiosity (OR 7.5; 95\u00a0% CI 3.9\u201314.1), passivity experiences, having internal evidence for their delusion (anomalous experiences or mood states), and being willing to consider alternatives to their delusion (95\u00a0% CI for ORs 1.1\u20138.6). Levels of negative symptoms were lower. No differences were found in delusional conviction, insight or attitudes towards treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Levels of positive symptoms, particularly anomalous experiences and grandiosity, were high, and may contribute to symptom persistence. However, contrary to previous reports, we found no evidence that people with religious delusions would be less likely to engage in any form of help. Higher levels of flexibility may make them particularly amenable to cognitive behavioural approaches, but particular care should be taken to preserve self-esteem and valued aspects of beliefs and experiences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-013-0811-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,30]],"date-time":"2013-12-30T15:19:59Z","timestamp":1388416799000},"page":"1051-1061","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Psychological characteristics of religious delusions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Robel","family":"Iyassu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Jolley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Bebbington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Dunn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Emsley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Freeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Fowler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Hardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Waller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Kuipers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippa","family":"Garety","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"811_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.156.12.1938","volume":"156","author":"PS Appelbaum","year":"1999","unstructured":"Appelbaum PS, Robbins PC, Roth LH (1999) Dimensional approach to delusions: comparison across types and diagnoses. Am J Psychiatry 156:1938\u20131943","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"811_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1192\/S0007125000296426","volume":"159","author":"PA Garety","year":"1991","unstructured":"Garety PA (1991) Reasoning and delusions. Br J Psychiatry 159:14\u201318","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"811_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764010396413","volume":"58","author":"BJ Cannon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cannon BJ, Kramer LM (2012) Delusion content across the 20th century in an American Psychiatric Hospital. Int J Soc Psychiatry 58:323\u2013327","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"key":"811_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270200005","volume":"37","author":"R Siddle","year":"2002","unstructured":"Siddle R, Haddock G, Tarrier N, Faragher EB (2002) Religious delusions in patients admitted to hospital with schizophrenia. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 37:130\u2013138","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"811_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1159\/000029094","volume":"32","author":"T Stompe","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stompe T, Friedman A, Ortwein G, Strobl R, Chaudhry H, Najam N, Chaudhry M (1999) Comparisons of delusions among schizophrenics in Austria and in Pakistan. Psychopathology 32:225\u2013234","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"811_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1159\/000069658","volume":"36","author":"T Stompe","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stompe T, Ortwein-Swoboda G, Ritter K, Schanda H (2003) Old wine in new bottles? Psychopathology 36:6\u201312","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"811_CR7","volume-title":"The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders, diagnostic criteria for research","author":"WHO","year":"1993","unstructured":"WHO (1993) The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders, diagnostic criteria for research. World health Organisation, Geneva"},{"key":"811_CR8","first-page":"437","volume":"20","author":"B Aukst-Margetic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Aukst-Margetic B, Jakovljevic M (2008) Religiosity and schizophrenia. Psychiatr Danub 20:437\u2013438","journal-title":"Psychiatr Danub"},{"key":"811_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00788241","volume":"32","author":"J Campion","year":"1997","unstructured":"Campion J, Bhugra D (1997) Experiences of religious healing in psychiatric patients in South India. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 32:215\u2013221","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"811_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00789041","volume":"32","author":"AW Braam","year":"1997","unstructured":"Braam AW, Beekman ATF, Van Tilburg TG, Deeg DJH, Van Tilburg W (1997) Religious involvement and depression in older ducth citizens. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 32:284\u2013291","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"811_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-007-0271-3","volume":"43","author":"J Maselko","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maselko J, Buka S (2008) Religious activity and lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorder. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 43:18\u201321","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"811_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1521\/psyc.2010.73.2.158","volume":"73","author":"S Mohr","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mohr S, Borras L, Betrisey C, Brandt P, Gillieron C, Huguelet P (2010) Delusions with religious content in patients with psychosis: how they interact with spiritual coping. Psychiatry 73:158\u2013172","journal-title":"Psychiatry"},{"key":"811_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1159\/000115954","volume":"41","author":"V Bhavsar","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bhavsar V, Bhugra D (2008) Religious delusions: finding meanings in psychosis. Psychopathology 41:165\u2013172","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"key":"811_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2006.08.001","volume":"22","author":"P Huguelet","year":"2007","unstructured":"Huguelet P, Mohr S, Jung V, Gillieron C, Brandt P, Borras L (2007) Effect of religion on suicide attempts in outpatients with schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorders compared with inpatients with non-psychotic disorders. Eur Psychiatry 22:188\u2013194","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"811_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.08.012","volume":"186","author":"S Mohr","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mohr S, Perroud N, Gillieron C, Brandt P, Rieben I, Borras L, Huguelet P (2011) Spirituality and religiousness as predictive factors of outcome in schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorders. Psychiatry Res 186:177\u2013182","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"811_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.11.005","volume":"126","author":"RE Gearing","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gearing RE, Alonzo D, Smolak A, McHugh K, Harmon S, Baldwin S (2011) Association of religion with delusions and hallucinations in the context of schizophrenia: implications for engagement and adherence. Schizophr Res 126:150\u2013163","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"811_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.07.014","volume":"187","author":"CL-C Huang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Huang CL-C, Shang C-Y, Shieh M-S, Lin H-N, Su JC-J (2011) The interactions between religion, religiosity, religious delusion\/hallucination, and treatment-seeking behavior among schizophrenic patients in Taiwan. Psychiatry Res 187:347\u2013353","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"811_CR18","first-page":"369","volume":"134","author":"S Mohr","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mohr S, Huguelet P (2004) The relationship between schizophrenia and religion and its implications for care. Swiss Med Wkly 134:369\u2013376","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"811_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2006.02.002","volume":"84","author":"Q Moss","year":"2006","unstructured":"Moss Q, Fleck DE, Strakowski SM (2006) The influence of religious affiliation on time to first treatment and hospitalization. Schizophr Res 84:421\u2013426","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"811_CR20","volume-title":"Core interventions in the treatment and management of schizophrenia in primary and secondary care (update) (cg82)","author":"NICE","year":"2009","unstructured":"NICE (2009) Core interventions in the treatment and management of schizophrenia in primary and secondary care (update) (cg82). National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, London"},{"key":"811_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-009-0151-0","volume":"45","author":"S Mohr","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mohr S, Borras L, Rieben I, Betrisey C, Gillieron C, Brandt P-Y, Perroud N, Huguelet P (2009) Evolution of spirituality and religiousness in chronic schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorders: a 3-years follow up study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 45:1095\u20131103","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"811_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170700013X","volume":"37","author":"PA Garety","year":"2007","unstructured":"Garety PA, Bebbington P, Fowler D, Freeman D, Kuipers E (2007) Implications for neurobiological research of cognitive models of psychosis: a theoretical paper. Psychol Med 37:1377\u20131391","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"811_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701003312","volume":"31","author":"PA Garety","year":"2001","unstructured":"Garety PA, Kuipers E, Fowler D, Freeman D, Bebbington PE (2001) A cognitive model of the positive symptoms of psychosis. Psychol Med 31:189\u2013195","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"811_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.126953","volume":"203","author":"PA Garety","year":"2013","unstructured":"Garety PA, Freeman D (2013) The past and future of delusions research: from the inexplicable to the treatable. Br J Psychiatry 203:327\u2013333","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"811_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbs145","volume":"39","author":"D Freeman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Freeman D, Dunn G, Fowler D, Bebbington P, Kuipers E, Emsley R, Jolley S, Garety P (2013) Current paranoid thinking in patients with delusions: the presence of cognitive-affective biases. Schizophr Bull 39:1281\u20131287","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"811_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(02)00104-3","volume":"41","author":"D Freeman","year":"2003","unstructured":"Freeman D, Garety PA (2003) Connecting neurosis and psychosis: the direct influence of emotion on delusions and hallucinations. Behav Res Ther 41:923\u2013947","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"811_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706007458","volume":"36","author":"PW Watson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Watson PW, Garety PA, Weinman J, Dunn G, Bebbington PE, Fowler D, Freeman D, Kuipers E (2006) Emotional dysfunction in schizophrenia spectrum psychosis: the role of illness perceptions. Psychol Med 36:761\u2013770","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"811_CR28","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"D Freeman","year":"2012","unstructured":"Freeman D, Dunn G, Garety P, Weinman J, Kuipers E, Fowler D, Jolley S, Bebbington P (2012) Patients\u2019 beliefs about the causes, persistence and control of psychotic experiences predict take-up of effective cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis. Psychol Med 10:1\u20139","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"811_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-009-0053-1","volume":"45","author":"S Ghane","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ghane S, Kolk AM, Emmelkamp PM (2010) Assessment of explanatory models of mental illness: effects of patient and interviewer characteristics. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 45:175\u2013182","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"811_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.043570","volume":"192","author":"PA Garety","year":"2008","unstructured":"Garety PA, Fowler DG, Freeman D, Bebbington P, Dunn G, Kuipers E (2008) Cognitive-behavioural therapy and family intervention for relapse prevention and symptom reduction in psychosis: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 192:412\u2013423","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"811_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810180089012","volume":"47","author":"JK Wing","year":"1990","unstructured":"Wing JK, Babor T, Brugha T, Burke J, Cooper JE, Giel R, Jablenski A, Regier D, Sartorius N (1990) Scan. Schedules for clinical assessment in neuropsychiatry. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47:589\u2013593","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"811_CR32","volume-title":"Scale for the assessment of positive symptoms (saps)","author":"NC Andreasen","year":"1984","unstructured":"Andreasen NC (1984) Scale for the assessment of positive symptoms (saps). The University of Iowa, Iowa City"},{"key":"811_CR33","volume-title":"Scale for the assessment of negative symptoms (sans)","author":"NC Andreasen","year":"1984","unstructured":"Andreasen NC (1984) Scale for the assessment of negative symptoms (sans). The University of Iowa, Iowa City"},{"key":"811_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291799008661","volume":"29","author":"G Haddock","year":"1999","unstructured":"Haddock G, McCarron J, Tarrier N, Faragher EB (1999) Scales to measure dimensions of hallucinations and delusions: the psychotic symptom rating scales (psyrats). Psychol Med 29:879\u2013889","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"811_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.10.029","volume":"100","author":"L Failko","year":"2008","unstructured":"Failko L, Garety PA, Kuipers E, Dunn G, Bebbington PE, Fowler DG, Freeman D (2008) A large-scale validation of the Medication Adherence Rating Scale (mars). Schizophr Res 100:53\u201359","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"811_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711001954","volume":"42","author":"G Dunn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dunn G, Fowler D, Rollinson R, Freeman D, Kuipers E, Smith B, Steel C, Onwumere J, Jolley S, Garety P, Bebbington P (2012) Effective elements of cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis: results of a novel type of subgroup analysis based on principal stratification. Psychol Med 42:1057\u20131068","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"811_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1080\/09638230120041227","volume":"10","author":"M Hall","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hall M, Meaden A, Smith J, Jones C (2001) The development and psychometric properties of an observer-rated measure of engagement with mental health services. J Ment Health 10:457\u2013465","journal-title":"J Ment Health"},{"key":"811_CR38","volume-title":"Bdi-ii manual","author":"AT Beck","year":"1996","unstructured":"Beck AT, Steer R, Brown GK (1996) Bdi-ii manual. Psychological Corporation, San Antonio"},{"key":"811_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893","volume":"56","author":"AT Beck","year":"1988","unstructured":"Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer R (1988) An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol 56:893\u2013897","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"811_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025297","volume":"121","author":"SH So","year":"2012","unstructured":"So SH, Freeman D, Dunn G, Kapur S, Kuipers E, Bebbington P, Fowler D, Garety PA (2012) Jumping to conclusions, a lack of belief flexibility and delusional conviction in psychosis: a longitudinal investigation of the structure, frequency, and relatedness of reasoning biases. J Abnorm Psychol 121:129\u2013139","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"811_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.163.1.69","volume":"163","author":"S Wessely","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wessely S, Buchanan A, Reed A, Cutting J, Everitt B, Garety PA, Taylor EJ (1993) Acting on delusions. 1: prevalence. Br J Psychiatry 163:69\u201376","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"811_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.4.671","volume":"72","author":"D Freeman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Freeman D, Garety PA, Fowler D, Kuipers E, Bebbington PE, Dunn G (2004) Why do people with delusions fail to choose more realistic explanations for their experiences? An empirical investigation. J Consult Clin Psychol 72:671\u2013680","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"811_CR43","volume-title":"Violence and mental disorder: developments in risk assessments","author":"PJ Taylor","year":"1994","unstructured":"Taylor PJ, Garety PA, Buchanan A, Reed A, Wessely S, Ray K, Dunn G, Grubin D (1994) Delusions and violence. In: Monahan J, Steadman HJ (eds) Violence and mental disorder: developments in risk assessments. Chicago University Press, Chicago"},{"key":"811_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.114.3.373","volume":"114","author":"PA Garety","year":"2005","unstructured":"Garety PA, Freeman D, Jolley S, Dunn G, Bebbington PE, Fowler D, Dudley R (2005) Reasoning, emotions, and delusional conviction in psychosis. J Abnorm Psychol 114:373\u2013384","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"811_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1080\/08870449608400270","volume":"11","author":"J Weinman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Weinman J, Petrie KJ, Moss-Morris R, Horne R (1996) The illness perception questionnaire: a new method for assessing the cognitive representation of illness. Psychol Health 11:431\u2013445","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"key":"811_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.6.873","volume":"150","author":"XF Amador","year":"1993","unstructured":"Amador XF, Strauss DH, Yale S, Gorman JM, Endicott J (1993) The assessment of insight in psychosis. Am J Psychiatry 150:873\u2013879","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"811_CR47","first-page":"12","volume":"12","author":"PA Garety","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garety PA, Gittins M, Jolley S, Bebbington P, Dunn G, Kuipers E, Fowler D, Freeman D (2012) Differences in cognitive and emotional processes between persecutory and grandiose delusions. Schizophr Bull 12:12","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"811_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2006.01.014","volume":"45","author":"D Freeman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Freeman D, Garety PA, Kuipers E, Fowler D, Bebbington PE, Dunn G (2007) Acting on persecutory delusions: the importance of safety seeking. Behav Res Ther 45:89\u201399","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"811_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jolley S, Ferner H, Bebbington P, Garety P, Dunn G, Freeman D, Fowler D, Kuipers E (2013) Delusional belief flexibility and informal caregiving relationships in psychosis: a potential cognitive route for the protective effect of social support. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci (in press)","DOI":"10.1017\/S2045796013000553"},{"key":"811_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20005","volume":"12","author":"KI Pargament","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pargament KI, Lomax JW (2013) Understanding and addressing religion among people with mental illness. World Psychiatry: Off J World Psychiatr Assoc (WPA) 12:26\u201332","journal-title":"World Psychiatry: Off J World Psychiatr Assoc (WPA)"},{"key":"811_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2013.03.023","volume":"210","author":"DH Rosmarin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rosmarin DH, Bigda-Peyton JS, \u00d6ngur D, Pargament KI, Bj\u00f6rgvinsson T (2013) Religious coping among psychotic patients: relevance to suicidality and treatment outcomes. Psychiatry Res 210:182\u2013187","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"811_CR52","volume-title":"Aliens and alienists: ethnic minorities and psychiatry","author":"R Littlewood","year":"1997","unstructured":"Littlewood R, Lipsedge M (1997) Aliens and alienists: ethnic minorities and psychiatry, 3rd edn. Brunner-Routledge, Great Britain","edition":"3"},{"key":"811_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2012.01921.x","volume":"127","author":"J Boydell","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boydell J, Bebbington P, Bhavsar V, Kravariti E, van Os J, Murray RM, Dutta R (2013) Unemployment, ethnicity and psychosis. Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica 127:202\u2013207","journal-title":"Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"811_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2012.04.004","volume":"5","author":"HG Koenig","year":"2012","unstructured":"Koenig HG, Zaben FA, Khalifa DA (2012) Religion, spirituality and mental health in the west and the middle east. Asian J Psychiatry 5:180\u2013182","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"811_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155","volume":"112","author":"J Cohen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cohen J (1992) A power primer. Psychol Bull 112:155\u2013159","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"}],"container-title":["Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-013-0811-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00127-013-0811-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-013-0811-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-013-0811-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,9]],"date-time":"2023-07-09T11:11:13Z","timestamp":1688901073000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00127-013-0811-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,31]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,7]]}},"alternative-id":["811"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-013-0811-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7954","1433-9285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7954","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-9285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 May 2013","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 December 2013","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 December 2013","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}