{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T18:05:17Z","timestamp":1785780317112,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,23]],"date-time":"2015-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432339200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-015-1071-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,22]],"date-time":"2015-05-22T15:44:19Z","timestamp":1432309459000},"page":"1145-1152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Is the prevalence of ADHD in Turkish elementary school children really high?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Eyup Sabri","family":"Ercan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d6znur","family":"Bila\u00e7","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taciser","family":"Uysal \u00d6zaslan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Augusto","family":"Rohde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"1071_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000246060.62706.af","volume":"46","author":"H Steiner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Steiner H, Remsing L (2007) Work Group on Quality Issues (2007) Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with oppositional defiant disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 46:126\u2013141. doi: 10.1097\/01.chi.0000246060.62706.af","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1071_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2007.11.006","volume":"17","author":"G Polanczyk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Polanczyk G, Jensen P (2008) Epidemiologic considerations in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a review and update. Child Adolesc Psychiatric Clin N Am 17:245\u2013260. doi: 10.1016\/j.chc.2007.11.006","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatric Clin N Am"},{"key":"1071_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.14.1100","volume":"279","author":"LS Goldman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Goldman LS, Genel M, Bezman RJ, Slantetz PJ (1998) Diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. JAMA 279:1100\u20131107. doi: 10.1001\/jama.279.14.1100","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1071_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. Washington, DC","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"1071_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.6.942","volume":"164","author":"G Polanczyk","year":"2007","unstructured":"Polanczyk G, de Lima MS, Horta BL, Biederman J, Rohde LA (2007) The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. Am J Psychiatry 164:942\u2013948. doi: 10.1176\/appi.ajp.164.6.942","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1071_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1007\/s13311-012-0135-8","volume":"9","author":"EG Willcutt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Willcutt EG (2012) The prevalence of DSM-IV attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder : a meta-analytic review. Neurotherapeutics 9:490\u2013499. doi: 10.1007\/s13311-012-0135-8","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"key":"1071_CR7","unstructured":"Bird HR (2002) The diagnostic classification, epidemiology and cross-cultural validity of ADHD. In: Jensen PS, Cooper JR (eds) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: state of the science Best practices. Civic Research Institute, New Jersey, pp 2-1\u20132-12"},{"key":"1071_CR8","first-page":"104","volume":"2","author":"SV Faraone","year":"2003","unstructured":"Faraone SV, Sergeant J, Gillberg C, Biederman J (2003) The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: is it a American condition? World Psychiatry 2:104\u2013113","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"1071_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-006-0299-5","volume":"166","author":"M Skounti","year":"2007","unstructured":"Skounti M, Philalithis A, Galanakis E (2007) Variations in prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder worldwide. Eur J Pediatr 166:117\u2013123. doi: 10.1007\/s00431-006-0299-5","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"1071_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01999.x","volume":"50","author":"E Taylor","year":"2009","unstructured":"Taylor E (2009) Developing ADHD. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 50:126\u2013132. doi: 10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01999.x","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1071_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f6172","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f6172","volume":"347","author":"R Thomas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thomas R, Mitchell GK, Batstra L (2013) Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: are we helping or harming? BMJ 347:f6172. doi: 10.1136\/bmj.f6172","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1071_CR12","author":"GV Polanczyk","year":"2013","unstructured":"Polanczyk GV, Willcutt EG, Salum GA, Kieling C, Rohde LA (2013) ADHD prevalence estimates across three decades: an updated systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Int J Epidemiol. doi: 10.1093\/ije\/dyt261 (in press)","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"34\u201346","key":"1071_CR13","first-page":"e2","volume":"53","author":"SN Visser","year":"2014","unstructured":"Visser SN, Danielson ML, Bitsko RH, Holbrook JR, Kogan MD, Ghandour RM, Perou R, Blumberg SJ (2014) Trends in the parent-report of health care provider-diagnosed and medicated attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: United States, 2003\u20132011. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 53(34\u201346):e2. doi: 10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.09.001","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1071_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-2000-7-30","volume":"7","author":"ES Ercan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ercan ES, Kandulu R, Uslu E, Ardic UA, Yazici KU, Basay BK, Ayd\u0131n C, Rohde RA (2013) Prevalence and diagnostic stability of ADHD and ODD in Turkish children: a 4-year longitudinal study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 7:30. doi: 10.1186\/1753-2000-7-30","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"},{"key":"1071_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-010-0242-y","volume":"45","author":"G Canino","year":"2010","unstructured":"Canino G, Polanczyk G, Bauermeister JJ, Rohde LA, Rick PJ (2010) Does the prevalence of CD and ODD vary across cultures? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 45:695\u2013704. doi: 10.1007\/s00127-010-0242-y","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"1071_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-004-0410-2","volume":"13","author":"EE Er\u015fan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Er\u015fan EE, Do\u011fan O, Do\u011fan S, S\u00fcmer H (2004) The distribution of symptoms of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder in school age children in Turkey. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 13:354\u2013361. doi: 10.1007\/s00787-004-0410-2","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1071_CR17","first-page":"56","volume":"50","author":"N Gul","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gul N, Tiryaki A, Cengel Kultur SE, Topbas M, Ak I (2010) Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and comorbid disruptive behavior disorders among school age children in Trabzon. BCP 50:56","journal-title":"BCP"},{"key":"1071_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-5138(99)00015-X","volume":"20","author":"C Chen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chen C, Burton M, Greenberger E, Dmitrieva J (1999) Population migration and the variation of dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) allele frequencies around the globe. Evol Hum Behav 20:309\u2013324","journal-title":"Evol Hum Behav"},{"key":"1071_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2005.12.002","volume":"26","author":"S Cartwright-Hatton","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cartwright-Hatton S, McNicol K, Doubleday E (2006) Anxiety in a neglected population: prevalence of anxiety disorders in pre-adolescent children. Clin Psychol Rev 26:817\u2013833. doi: 10.1016\/j.cpr.2005.12.002","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1071_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199707000-00021","volume":"36","author":"J Kaufman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D, Rao U, Flynn C, Moreci P, Williamson D, Ryan N (1997) Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36:980\u2013988. doi: 10.1097\/00004583-199707000-00021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1071_CR21","first-page":"109","volume":"11","author":"B G\u00f6kler","year":"2004","unstructured":"G\u00f6kler B, \u00dcnal F, Pehlivant\u00fcrk B, K\u00fclt\u00fcr E\u00c7, Akdemir D, Taner Y (2004) Reliability and validity of Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version- Turkish Version (K-SADS-PL-T) [in Turkish]. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health 11:109\u2013116","journal-title":"Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health"},{"key":"1071_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1177\/073428299801600104","volume":"16","author":"GJ DuPaul","year":"1998","unstructured":"DuPaul GJ, Power TJ, McGoey KE, Ikeda MJ, Anastopoulos AD (1998) Reliability and validity of parent and teacher ratings of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. J Psychoeduc Assess 16:55\u201368. doi: 10.1177\/073428299801600104","journal-title":"J Psychoeduc Assess"},{"key":"1071_CR23","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn. Washington, DC"},{"key":"1071_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9450.404130","volume":"40","author":"P Magn\u00fasson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Magn\u00fasson P, Sm\u00e1ri J, Gr\u00e9tarsd\u00f3ttir H, Pr\u00e1ndard\u00f3ttir H (1999) Attention deficit\/hyperactivity symptoms in icelandic schoolchildren: assessment with the attention deficit\/hyperactivity rating scale-IV. Scand J Psychol 40:301\u2013306","journal-title":"Scand J Psychol"},{"key":"1071_CR25","first-page":"132","volume":"8","author":"ES Ercan","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ercan ES, Amado S, Somer O, \u00c7\u0131ko\u011flu S (2001) Development of a test battery for the assessment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health 8:132\u2013144","journal-title":"Turk J Child Adolesc Ment Health"},{"key":"1071_CR26","volume-title":"Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist\/4\u201318 and 1991 Profile","author":"TM Achenbach","year":"1991","unstructured":"Achenbach TM (1991) Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist\/4\u201318 and 1991 Profile. University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry, Burlington"},{"key":"1071_CR27","first-page":"97","volume-title":"Eunethydis: European approaches to hyperkinetic disorder","author":"N Erol","year":"1995","unstructured":"Erol N, Arslan BL, Ak\u00e7akin M (1995) The adaptation and standardization of the Child Behavior Checklist among 6\u201318\u00a0year-old Turkish children. In: Sergeant J (ed) Eunethydis: European approaches to hyperkinetic disorder. Fotoratar, Z\u00fcrih, pp 97\u2013113"},{"key":"1071_CR28","volume-title":"Manual for the TRF and 1991 Profile","author":"TM Achenbach","year":"1991","unstructured":"Achenbach TM (1991) Manual for the TRF and 1991 Profile. University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry, Burlington"},{"key":"1071_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erol N, \u015eim\u015eek ZT (2000) Mental health of Turkish children: behavioral and emotional problems reported by parents, teachers, and adolescents. In: International perspectives on child and adolescent mental health, chap 13, vol 1. Elsevier, pp 223\u2013247","DOI":"10.1016\/S1874-5911(00)80014-7"},{"key":"1071_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1982.04290080001001","volume":"39","author":"JF Leckman","year":"1982","unstructured":"Leckman JF, Sholomskas D, Thompson WD, Belanger A, Weissman MM (1982) Best estimate of lifetime psychiatric diagnosis: a methodological study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 39:879\u2013883. doi: 10.1001\/archpsyc.1982.04290080001001","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"1071_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.08.042","volume":"60","author":"MA Brotman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brotman MA, Schmajuk M, Rich BA, Dickstein DP, Guyer AE, Costello EJ, Egger HL, Angold A, Pine DS, Leibenluft E (2006) Prevalence, clinical correlates, and longitudinal course of severe mood dysregulation in children. Biol Psychiatry 60:991\u2013997. doi: 10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.08.042","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1071_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-009-0755-7","volume":"18","author":"SC Cho","year":"2009","unstructured":"Cho SC, Kim BN, Kim JW, Rohde LA, Hwang JW, Chungh DS, Shin MS, Lyoo IK, Go BJ, Lee SE, Kim HW (2009) Full syndrome and subthreshold attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in a Korean community sample: comorbidity and temperament findings. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 18:447\u2013457. doi: 10.1007\/s00787-009-0755-7","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1071_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"G\u00fcler AS, Scahill L, Jeon S, Ta\u015fk\u0131n B, Dedeo\u011flu C, \u00dcnal S, Yazgan Y (2014) Use of Multiple Informants to Identify Children at High Risk for ADHD in Turkish School-Age Children. J Atten Disord [Epub ahead of print]","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054714530556"},{"key":"1071_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.8.837","volume":"60","author":"E Costello","year":"2003","unstructured":"Costello E, Mustillo S, Erkanli A, Keeler G, Angold A (2003) Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 60:837\u2013844. doi: 10.1001\/archpsyc.60.8.837","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"1071_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.61.1.85","volume":"61","author":"G Canino","year":"2004","unstructured":"Canino G, Shrout PE, Rubio-Stipec M, Bird HR, Bravo M, Ramirez R, Chavez L, Alegria M, Bauermeister JJ, Hohmann A, Ribera J, Garcia P, Martinez-Taboas A (2004) The DSM-IV rates of child and adolescent disorders in Puerto Rico: prevalence, correlates, service use, and the effects of impairment. Arch Gen Psychiatry 61:85\u201393. doi: 10.1001\/archpsyc.61.1.85","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"1071_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2598","volume":"125","author":"KR Merikangas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Merikangas KR, He JP, Brody D, Fisher PW, Bourdon K, Koretz DS (2010) Prevalence and treatment of mental disorders among US children in the 2001\u20132004 NHANES. Pediatrics 125:75\u201381. doi: 10.1542\/peds.2008-2598","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"1071_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02566.x","volume":"53","author":"B Vicente","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vicente B, Saldivia S, de la Flora B, Kohn R, Pihan R, Valdivia M, Rioseco P, Melipillan R (2012) Prevalence of child and adolescent mental disorders in Chile: a community epidemiological study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 53:1026\u20131035. doi: 10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02566.x","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1071_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2009.11.1\/krmerikangas","volume":"11","author":"KR Merikangas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Merikangas KR, Nakamura EF, Kessler RC (2009) Epidemiology of mental disorders in children and adolescents. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 11:7\u201320","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"1071_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.161.9.857","volume":"161","author":"TE Froehlich","year":"2007","unstructured":"Froehlich TE, Lanphear BP, Epstein JN, Barbaresi WJ, Katusic SK, Kahn RS (2007) Prevalence, recognition, and treatment of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in a national sample of US children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 161:857\u2013864. doi: 10.1001\/archpedi.161.9.857","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"1071_CR40","author":"H Larsson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Larsson H, Sariaslan A, Langstrom N, D\u2019Onofrio B, Lichtenstein P (2013) Family income in early childhood and subsequent attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a quasi-experimental study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. doi: 10.1111\/jcpp.12140 [Epub ahead of print]","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1071_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.09.006","volume":"41","author":"RE Roberts","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roberts RE, Roberts CR, Xing Y (2007) Rates of DSM-IV psychiatric disorders among adolescents in a large metropolitan area. J Psychiatr Res 41:959\u2013967. doi: 10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2006.09.006","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"1071_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-004-0402-2","volume":"13","author":"I Souza","year":"2004","unstructured":"Souza I, Pinheiro MA, Denardin D, Mattos P, Rohde LA (2004) Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and comorbidity in Brazil comparisons between two referred samples. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 13:243\u2013248. doi: 10.1007\/s00787-004-0402-2","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1071_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.10.020","volume":"57","author":"J Biederman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Biederman J (2005) Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: a selective overview. Biol Psychiatry 57:1215\u20131220. doi: 10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.10.020","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1071_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.09.024","volume":"33","author":"T Takeda","year":"2012","unstructured":"Takeda T, Ambrosini PJ, deBerardinis R, Elia J (2012) What can ADHD without comorbidity teach us about comorbidity? Res Dev Disabil 33:419\u2013425. doi: 10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.09.024","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"}],"container-title":["Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-015-1071-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00127-015-1071-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-015-1071-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,8]],"date-time":"2022-05-08T23:22:41Z","timestamp":1652052161000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00127-015-1071-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,23]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1071"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-015-1071-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7954","1433-9285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7954","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-9285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,23]]}}}