{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T05:40:41Z","timestamp":1790487641735,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]],"date-time":"2018-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531353600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]],"date-time":"2018-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1531353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000027","name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000027","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-018-1559-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]],"date-time":"2018-07-12T04:24:26Z","timestamp":1531369466000},"page":"639-647","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Time course of panic disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder onsets"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Erin C.","family":"Berenz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy P.","family":"York","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanaan","family":"Bing-Canar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ananda B.","family":"Amstadter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Briana","family":"Mezuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles O.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roxann","family":"Roberson-Nay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"1559_CR1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC","edition":"4"},{"key":"1559_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21848","volume":"26","author":"DG Kilpatrick","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kilpatrick DG, Resnick HS, Milanak ME, Miller MW, Keyes KM, Friedman MJ (2013) National estimates of exposure to traumatic events and PTSD prevalence using DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria. J Trauma Stress 26:537\u2013547","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"4","key":"1559_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.71.4.692","volume":"71","author":"DG Kilpatrick","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kilpatrick DG, Ruggiero KJ, Acierno R et al (2003) Violence and risk of PTSD, major depression, substance abuse\/dependence, and comorbidity: results from the National Survey of Adolescents. J Consult Clin Psychol 71(4):692\u2013700","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1559_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.11.010","volume":"25","author":"RH Pietrzak","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pietrzak RH, Goldstein RB, Southwick SM, Grant BF (2011) Prevalence and axis I comorbidity of full and partial posttraumatic stress disorder in the United States: results from wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. J Anxiety Disord 25(3):456\u2013465","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"1559_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.054270","volume":"195","author":"AC McFarlane","year":"2009","unstructured":"McFarlane AC, Van Hooff M (2009) Impact of childhood exposure to a natural disaster on adult mental health: 20-year longitudinal follow-up study. Br J Psychiatry 195(2):142\u2013148","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"1559_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012","volume":"52","author":"RC Kessler","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Sonnega A, Bromet E et al (1995) Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Arch Gen Psychiatry 52(12):1048\u20131060","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1559_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20663","volume":"24","author":"M Meewisse","year":"2011","unstructured":"Meewisse M, Olff M, Kleber R et al (2011) The course of mental health disorders after a disaster: predictors and comorbidity. J Trauma Stress 24(4):405\u2013413","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"key":"1559_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026522931013","volume":"31","author":"SA Falsetti","year":"2000","unstructured":"Falsetti SA, Resnick HS (2000) Cognitive behavioral treatment of PTSD with comorbid panic attacks. J Contemp Psychother 31:163\u2013179","journal-title":"J Contemp Psychother"},{"issue":"2","key":"1559_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1080\/16506070801969062","volume":"37","author":"DE Hinton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hinton DE, Hofmann SG, Pitman RK et al (2008) The panic attack-posttraumatic stress disorder model: applicability to orthostatic panic among Cambodian refugees. Cogn Behav Ther 37(2):101\u2013116","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Ther"},{"key":"1559_CR10","first-page":"683","volume":"10","author":"SA Falsetti","year":"1997","unstructured":"Falsetti SA, Resnick HS (1997) Frequency and severity of panic attack symptoms in a treatment seeking sample of trauma victims. J Trauma Stress 10:683\u2013689","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"6","key":"1559_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0887-6185(02)00125-1","volume":"16","author":"GA Leskin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Leskin GA, Sheikh JI (2002) Lifetime trauma history and panic disorder: findings from the National Comorbidity Survey. J Anxiety Disord 16(6):599\u2013603","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"1559_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.110.1.49","volume":"110","author":"TA Brown","year":"2001","unstructured":"Brown TA, Campbell LA, Lehman CL et al (2001) Current and lifetime comorbidity of the DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders in a large clinical sample. J Abnorm Psychol 110:49\u201358","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"1559_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.101001046.x","volume":"101","author":"A Perkonigg","year":"2000","unstructured":"Perkonigg A, Kessler RC, Storz S, Wittchen H-U (2000) Traumatic events and post-traumatic stress disorder in the community: prevalence, risk factors, and comorbidity. Acta Psychiatr Scand 101:46\u201359","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"1559_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(90)90064-H","volume":"10","author":"JC Jones","year":"1990","unstructured":"Jones JC, Barlow DH (1990) The etiology of posttraumatic stress disorder. Clin Psychol Rev 10:299\u2013328","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1559_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa013404","volume":"346","author":"S Galea","year":"2002","unstructured":"Galea S, Ahern J, Resnick H et al (2002) Psychological sequelae of the september 11 terrorist attacks in new york city. N Engl J Med 346:982\u2013987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1559_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20603","volume":"24","author":"RE Adams","year":"2011","unstructured":"Adams RE, Boscarino JA (2011) A structural equation model of perievent panic and posttraumatic stress disorder after a community disaster. J Trauma Stress 24(1):61\u201369","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"11","key":"1559_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1044","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830230082012","volume":"54","author":"N Breslau","year":"1997","unstructured":"Breslau N, Davis GC, Andreski P et al (1997) Sex differences in posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54(11):1044\u20131048","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"1559_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2011.03.006","volume":"45","author":"CP McLean","year":"2011","unstructured":"McLean CP, Asnaani A, Litz BT, Hofmann SG (2011) Gender differences in anxiety disorders: prevalence, course of illness, comorbidity and burden of illness. J Psychiatr Res 45(8):1027\u20131035","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"1559_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(01)00285-2","volume":"103","author":"SI Chantarujikapong","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chantarujikapong SI, Scherrer JF, Xian H et al (2001) A twin study of generalized anxiety disorder symptoms, panic disorder symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder in men. Psychiatr Res 103(2\u20133):133\u2013145","journal-title":"Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1559_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20404","volume":"22","author":"AB Amstadter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Amstadter AB, Acierno R, Richardson LK et al (2009) Posttyphoon prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder in a Vietnamese sample. J Trauma Stress 22(3):180\u2013188","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"3","key":"1559_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1375\/136905203765693870","volume":"6","author":"KC Koenen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Koenen KC, Lyons MJ, Goldberg J et al (2003) A high risk twin study of combat-related PTSD comorbidity. Twin Res 6(3):218\u2013226","journal-title":"Twin Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"1559_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019035","volume":"119","author":"EJ Wolf","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wolf EJ, Miller MW, Krueger RF et al (2010) Posttraumatic stress disorder and the genetic structure of comorbidity. J Abnorm Psychol 119(2):320\u2013330","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1559_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2009.02.016","volume":"47","author":"TA Brown","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brown TA, McNiff J (2009) Specificity of autonomic arousal to DSM-IV panic disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Res Ther 47(6):487\u2013493","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"1559_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2011.01.009","volume":"45","author":"C Muhtz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Muhtz C, Yassouridis A, Daneshi J et al (2011) Acute panicogenic, anxiogenic and dissociative effects of carbon dioxide inhalation in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). J Psychiatr Res 45(7):989\u2013993","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"1559_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.06.005","volume":"83","author":"S Wichmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wichmann S, Kirschbaum C, B\u00f6hme C et al (2017) Cortisol stress response in post-traumatic stress disorder, apnic disorder, and major depressive disorder patients. Psychoneuroendocrinology 83:135\u2013141","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1559_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018009","volume":"119","author":"GN Marshall","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marshall GN, Miles JN, Stewart SH (2010) Anxiety sensitivity and PTSD symptom severity are reciprocally related: evidence from a longitudinal study of physical trauma survivors. J Abnorm Psychol 119(1):143\u2013150","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1559_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20423","volume":"26","author":"CI Benitez","year":"2009","unstructured":"Benitez CI, Shea MT, Raffa S et al (2009) Anxiety sensitivity as a predictor of the clinical course of panic disorder: a 1-year follow-up study. Depress Anxiety 26(4):335\u2013342","journal-title":"Depress Anxiety"},{"issue":"5","key":"1559_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20568","volume":"23","author":"EC Marshall-Berenz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marshall-Berenz EC, Vujanovic AA, Bonn-Miller MO et al (2010) Multimethod study of distress tolerance and PTSD symptom severity in a trauma-exposed community sample. J Trauma Stress 23(5):623\u2013630","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"4","key":"1559_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019712","volume":"136","author":"TM Leyro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leyro TM, Zvolensky MJ, Bernstein A (2010) Distress tolerance and psychopathological symptoms and disorders: a review of the empirical literature among adults. Psychol Bull 136(4):576\u2013600","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"3","key":"1559_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/cpsp.12039","volume":"20","author":"EJ Teng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Teng EJ, Hiatt EL, McClair V et al (2013) Efficacy of posttraumatic stress disorder treatment for comorbid panic disorder: a critical review and future directions for treatment research. Clin Psychol Science Practice 20(3):268\u2013284","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Science Practice"},{"key":"1559_CR31","first-page":"74","volume":"29","author":"BF Grant","year":"2006","unstructured":"Grant BF, Dawson DA (2006) Introduction to the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions. Alcohol Res Health 29:74\u201378","journal-title":"Alcohol Res Health"},{"key":"1559_CR32","volume-title":"The alcohol use disorder and associated disabilities interview schedule-DSM-IV version","author":"BF Grant","year":"2001","unstructured":"Grant BF, Dawson DA, Hasin DS (2001) The alcohol use disorder and associated disabilities interview schedule-DSM-IV version. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"1559_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2007.06.001","volume":"92","author":"WJ Ruan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ruan WJ, Goldstein RB, Chou SP et al (2008) The alcohol use disorder and associated disabilities interview schedule-IV (AUDADIS-IV): reliability of new psychiatric diagnostic modules and risk factors in a general population sample. Drug Alcohol Depend 92(1\u20133):27\u201336","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"1559_CR34","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"RC Team","year":"2013","unstructured":"Team RC (2013) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna"},{"key":"1559_CR35","volume-title":"An R and S-PLUS companion to applied regression","author":"J Fox","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fox J (2002) Cox proportional-hazards regression for survival data. In: Fox R (ed) An R and S-PLUS companion to applied regression. Sage, Thousand Oaks"},{"key":"1559_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.161.12.2207","volume":"161","author":"RD Goodwin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Goodwin RD, Lieb R, Hoefler M, Pfister H, Bittner A, Beesdo K, Wittchen HU (2004) Panic attack as a risk factor for severe psychopathology. Am J Psychiatry 161:2207\u20132214","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1559_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1942-9681.S.1.37","author":"DF Tolin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tolin DF, Foa EB (2008) Sex differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder: a quantitative review of 25 years of research. Psychol Trauma Theory Res Pract Policy. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1942-9681.S.1.37","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma Theory Res Pract Policy"},{"key":"1559_CR38","first-page":"365","volume":"245","author":"SB Frankfurt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Frankfurt SB, Armour C, Contractor AA, Elhai JD (2016) Do gender and directness of trauma exposure moderate PTSD\u2019s latent structure? Psychol Res 245:365\u2013370","journal-title":"Psychol Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1559_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.06.002","volume":"21","author":"NB Schmidt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schmidt NB, Eggleston AM, Woolaway-Bickel K et al (2007) Anxiety Sensitivity Amelioration Training (ASAT): a longitudinal primary prevention program targeting cognitive vulnerability. J Anxiety Disord 21(3):302\u2013319","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"1559_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.63.3.408","volume":"63","author":"AB Brown","year":"1995","unstructured":"Brown AB, Antony MM, Barlow DH (1995) Diagnostic comorbidity in panic disorder: effect on treatment outcome and course of comorbid diagnoses following treatment. J Consult Clin Psychol 63:408\u2013418","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"}],"container-title":["Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-018-1559-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00127-018-1559-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-018-1559-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T17:52:52Z","timestamp":1589565172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00127-018-1559-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["1559"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-018-1559-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7954","1433-9285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7954","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-9285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 November 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 July 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}