{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:48:36Z","timestamp":1790768916145,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]],"date-time":"2020-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]],"date-time":"2020-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202836\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202836\/Z\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008736","name":"Fondo de Fomento al Desarrollo Cient\u00edfico y Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1190613"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1190613"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008736","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-020-01871-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]],"date-time":"2020-05-13T04:02:46Z","timestamp":1589342566000},"page":"315-323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["1324 prison suicides in 10 countries in South America: incidence, relative risks, and ecological factors"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Francesco Domenico","family":"Fritz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seena","family":"Fazel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"Benavides Salcedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulette","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Rivera Arroyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"Torales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Trujillo Orrego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Freddy","family":"V\u00e1squez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8763-4601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian P.","family":"Mundt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"1871_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30430-3","volume":"4","author":"S Fazel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fazel S, Ramesh T, Hawton K (2017) Suicide in prisons: an international study of prevalence and contributory factors. Lancet Psychiatry 4(12):946\u2013952. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30430-3","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1871_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2012.02.012","volume":"35","author":"K Rabe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rabe K (2012) Prison structure, inmate mortality and suicide risk in Europe. Int J Law Psychiatry 35(3):222\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijlp.2012.02.012","journal-title":"Int J Law Psychiatry"},{"issue":"54","key":"1871_CR3","first-page":"286","volume":"14","author":"JO Folino","year":"2003","unstructured":"Folino JO, Marchiano S, Sanchez Wilde A (2003) Suicide in convicts in Buenos Aires Province. Vertex 14(54):286\u2013291","journal-title":"Vertex"},{"issue":"1","key":"1871_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s12914-017-0136-0","volume":"17","author":"J Bantjes","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bantjes J, Swartz L, Niewoudt P (2017) Human rights and mental health in post-apartheid South Africa: lessons from health care professionals working with suicidal inmates in the prison system. BMC Int Health Hum Rights 17(1):29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12914-017-0136-0","journal-title":"BMC Int Health Hum Rights"},{"issue":"3","key":"1871_CR5","first-page":"340","volume":"43","author":"S Almanzar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Almanzar S, Katz CL, Harry B (2015) Treatment of mentally ill offenders in nine developing Latin American countries. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 43(3):340\u2013349","journal-title":"J Am Acad Psychiatry Law"},{"issue":"1","key":"1871_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1179-9","volume":"17","author":"TK Beyen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Beyen TK, Dadi AF, Dachew BA, Muluneh NY, Bisetegn TA (2017) More than eight in every nineteen inmates were living with depression at prisons of Northwest Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia, a cross sectional study design. BMC Psychiatry 17(1):31. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-016-1179-9","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1871_CR7","first-page":"11","volume":"33","author":"IA Joshua","year":"2014","unstructured":"Joshua IA, Dangata YY, Audu O, Nmadu AG, Omole NV (2014) Human rights and nigerian prisoners\u2014are prisoners not humans? Med Law 33(4):11\u201320","journal-title":"Med Law"},{"issue":"1","key":"1871_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-017-1514-9","volume":"17","author":"G Shrestha","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shrestha G, Yadav DK, Sapkota N, Baral D, Yadav BK, Chakravartty A, Pokharel PK (2017) Depression among inmates in a regional prison of eastern Nepal: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 17(1):348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-017-1514-9","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"1871_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30142-0","volume":"3","author":"S Fazel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fazel S, Hayes AJ, Bartellas K, Clerici M, Trestman R (2016) Mental health of prisoners: prevalence, adverse outcomes, and interventions. Lancet Psychiatry 3(9):871\u2013881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30142-0","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"1871_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.096370","volume":"200","author":"S Fazel","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fazel S, Seewald K (2012) Severe mental illness in 33,588 prisoners worldwide: systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Br J Psychiatry 200(5):364\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.096370","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1871_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88836","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088836","volume":"9","author":"SB Andreoli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andreoli SB, Dos Santos MM, Quintana MI, Ribeiro WS, Blay SL, Taborda JG, de Jesus MJ (2014) Prevalence of mental disorders among prisoners in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. PLoS One 9(2):e88836. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0088836","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"1871_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e69109","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069109","volume":"8","author":"AP Mundt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mundt AP, Alvarado R, Fritsch R, Poblete C, Villagra C, Kastner S, Priebe S (2013) Prevalence rates of mental disorders in Chilean prisons. PLoS One 8(7):e69109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0069109","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1871_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.09.003","volume":"189","author":"A Baier","year":"2016","unstructured":"Baier A, Fritsch R, Ignatyev Y, Priebe S, Mundt AP (2016) The course of major depression during imprisonment\u2014a 1 year cohort study. J Affect Disord 189:207\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2015.09.003","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"1871_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e461","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30539-4","volume":"7","author":"G Baranyi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baranyi G, Scholl C, Fazel S, Patel V, Priebe S, Mundt AP (2019) Severe mental illness and substance use disorders in prisoners in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies. Lancet Glob Health 7(4):e461\u2013e471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30539-4","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"9923","key":"1871_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62118-2","volume":"383","author":"K Hawton","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hawton K, Linsell L, Adeniji T, Sariaslan A, Fazel S (2014) Self-harm in prisons in England and Wales: an epidemiological study of prevalence, risk factors, clustering, and subsequent suicide. Lancet 383(9923):1147\u20131154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)62118-2","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1871_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.185.6.494","volume":"185","author":"S Fruehwald","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fruehwald S, Matschnig T, Koenig F, Bauer P, Frottier P (2004) Suicide in custody: case\u2013control study. Br J Psychiatry 185:494\u2013498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.185.6.494","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"1871_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v69n1107","volume":"69","author":"S Fazel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fazel S, Cartwright J, Norman-Nott A, Hawton K (2008) Suicide in prisoners: a systematic review of risk factors. J Clin Psychiatry 69(11):1721\u20131731","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1871_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-016-1313-5","volume":"52","author":"S Jakobowitz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jakobowitz S, Bebbington P, McKenzie N, Iveson R, Duffield G, Kerr M, Killaspy H (2017) Assessing needs for psychiatric treatment in prisoners: 2. Met and unmet need. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 52(2):231\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-016-1313-5","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1871_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2433","volume":"72","author":"AP Mundt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mundt AP, Chow WS, Arduino M, Barrionuevo H, Fritsch R, Girala N, Minoletti A, Mitkiewicz F, Rivera G, Tavares M, Priebe S (2015) Psychiatric hospital beds and prison populations in South America since 1990: does the Penrose hypothesis apply? JAMA Psychiatry 72(2):112\u2013118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2433","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"1871_CR20","unstructured":"Walmsley R (2018) World Prison Population List (twelfth edition). Institute for Criminal Policy Research. https:\/\/www.prisonstudies.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resources\/downloads\/wppl_12.pdf. Accessed 12 July 2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"1871_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.5.570","volume":"59","author":"S Priebe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Priebe S, Frottier P, Gaddini A, Kilian R, Lauber C, Mart\u00ednez-Leal R, Munk-J\u00f8rgensen P, Walsh D, Wiersma D, Wright D (2008) Mental health care institutions in nine European countries, 2002 to 2006. Psychiatr Serv 59(5):570\u2013573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ps.2008.59.5.570","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"6","key":"1871_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38490","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038490","volume":"7","author":"AP Mundt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mundt AP, Fran\u010diskovi\u010d T, Gurovich I, Heinz A, Ignatyev Y, Ismayilov F, Kalapos MP, Krasnov V, Mihai A, Mir J, Padruchny D, Potocan M, Raboch J, Taube M, Welbel M, Priebe S (2012) Changes in the provision of institutionalized mental health care in post-communist countries. PLoS One 7(6):e38490. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0038490","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1871_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2016.05.005","volume":"50","author":"EF van Ginneken","year":"2017","unstructured":"van Ginneken EF, Sutherland A, Molleman T (2017) An ecological analysis of prison overcrowding and suicide rates in England and Wales, 2000\u20132014. Int J Law Psychiatry 50:76\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijlp.2016.05.005","journal-title":"Int J Law Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1871_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.4321\/S1575-06202012000300006","volume":"14","author":"J Garc\u00eda-Guerrero","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garc\u00eda-Guerrero J, Marco A (2012) Overcrowding in prisons and its impact on health. Rev Esp Sanid Penit 14(3):106\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4321\/S1575-06202012000300006","journal-title":"Rev Esp Sanid Penit"},{"key":"1871_CR25","unstructured":"Federal Bureau of Prisons (2019) Inmate Statistics. Federal Bureau of Prisons. https:\/\/www.bop.gov\/about\/statistics\/statistics_inmate_age.jsp. Accessed 31 Aug 2019"},{"key":"1871_CR26","unstructured":"House of Commons Library (2019) UK Prison Population Statistics. House of Commons Library. https:\/\/researchbriefings.parliament.uk\/ResearchBriefing\/Summary\/SN04334. Accessed 31 Aug 2019"},{"issue":"4","key":"1871_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1177\/0032885505282258","volume":"85","author":"MP Huey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Huey MP, Mcnulty TL (2005) Institutional conditions and prison suicide: conditional effects of deprivation and overcrowding. Prison J 85(4):490\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0032885505282258","journal-title":"Prison J"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"1871_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.09.014","volume":"233","author":"G Duthe","year":"2013","unstructured":"Duthe G, Hazard A, Kensey A, Shon JL (2013) Suicide among male prisoners in France: a prospective population-based study. Forensic Sci Int 233(1\u20133):273\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.forsciint.2013.09.014","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"1871_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2527(01)00106-6","volume":"25","author":"S Fruehwald","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fruehwald S, Frottier P, Ritter K, Eher R, Gutierrez K (2002) Impact of overcrowding and legislational change on the incidence of suicide in custody experiences in Austria, 1967\u20131996. Int J Law Psychiatry 25(2):119\u2013128","journal-title":"Int J Law Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1871_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-010-0184-4","volume":"46","author":"S Fazel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fazel S, Grann M, Kling B, Hawton K (2011) Prison suicide in 12 countries: an ecological study of 861 suicides during 2003\u20132007. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 46(3):191\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-010-0184-4","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1871_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.038679","volume":"192","author":"SM Bird","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bird SM (2008) Changes in male suicides in Scottish prisons: 10-year study. Br J Psychiatry 192(6):446\u2013449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjp.bp.107.038679","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1871_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-019-0428-3","volume":"9","author":"S Fazel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fazel S, Wolf A, Larsson H, Mallett S, Fanshawe TR (2019) The prediction of suicide in severe mental illness: development and validation of a clinical prediction rule (OxMIS). Transl Psychiatry 9(1):98. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-019-0428-3","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"1871_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1027\/0227-5910\/a000394","volume":"37","author":"L Marzano","year":"2016","unstructured":"Marzano L, Hawton K, Rivlin A, Smith EN, Piper M, Fazel S (2016) Prevention of suicidal behavior in prisons. Crisis 37(5):323\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/0227-5910\/a000394","journal-title":"Crisis"}],"container-title":["Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-020-01871-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00127-020-01871-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-020-01871-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,12]],"date-time":"2021-05-12T23:11:31Z","timestamp":1620861091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00127-020-01871-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1871"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-020-01871-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7954","1433-9285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7954","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-9285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 October 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 May 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 May 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained from the Universidad de Antioquia (Colombia). The authors assert that all procedures contributing to this work comply with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}