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The fathers were followed for up to 24\u00a0years, from the day their residence permit was issued until their first psychiatric diagnosis, emigration, death, or study end, whichever came first. Using Cox proportional hazard regression, we estimated hazard ratios (HRs) of being diagnosed with a mental disorder (i) for the period while the fathers were still separated from their family and (ii) across varying lengths of family separation.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The HR of any mental disorder was 2.10 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.57\u20132.81) for fathers still separated from their family compared with those who had obtained family reunification. The HR increased with longer family separation. Compared with fathers separated for\u2009&lt;\u20099\u00a0months, the HR of any mental disorder was 1.43 (95% CI 1.08\u20131.89) for 9\u201311\u00a0months\u2019 separation, increasing to 2.02 (95% CI 1.52\u20132.68) for 18\u201323\u00a0months\u2019 separation. Results were driven by post-traumatic stress disorder.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Fathers waiting for their wives and children face an increased risk of mental disorders. Countries receiving refugees should be aware that delaying family reunification can lead to adverse mental health effects.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-021-02170-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,5]],"date-time":"2021-09-05T05:02:20Z","timestamp":1630818140000},"page":"1061-1072","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Waiting for family reunification and the risk of mental disorders among refugee fathers: a 24-year longitudinal cohort study from Denmark"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3691-8801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla","family":"Hvidtfeldt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rgen Holm","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Norredam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2170_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000272","volume":"88","author":"A Miller","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miller A, Hess JM, Bybee DI, Goodkind JR (2018) Understanding the mental health consequences of family separation for refugees: implications for policy and practice. 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