{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,17]],"date-time":"2025-09-17T16:07:12Z","timestamp":1758125232214,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"foundation for the national institutes of health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01MH093303-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01MH093303-05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-022-02230-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T11:03:13Z","timestamp":1642503793000},"page":"1329-1340","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["An observational study of antipsychotic medication discontinuation in first-episode psychosis: clinical and functional outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"57","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5863-4191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashok","family":"Malla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5367-9086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srividya N.","family":"Iyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3492-807X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ridha","family":"Joober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6813-066X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thara","family":"Rangaswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0380-8617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Padmavati","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7777-6323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norbert","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4125-7585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aarati","family":"Taksal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6322-5413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greeshma","family":"Mohan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard C.","family":"Margolese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2230_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S96392","volume":"12","author":"C Karson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karson C, Duffy RA, Eramo A, Nylander A-G, Offord SJ (2016) Long-term outcomes of antipsychotic treatment in patients with first-episode schizophrenia: a systematic review. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 12:57","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"key":"2230_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004410","author":"J Hamann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hamann J, Kissling W, Leucht S, Rummel-Kluge C (2003) New generation antipsychotics for first episode schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD004410","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2230_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"McDonagh MS, Dana T, Selph S, Devine EB, Cantor A, Bougatsos C, Blazina I, Grusing S, Fu R, Kopelovich SL, Monroe-DeVita M, Haupt DW (2017) Treatments for Schizophrenia in adults: a systematic review. Comparative effectiveness review. Agency for healthcare research and quality 17:18. http:\/\/www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov\/reports\/final.cfm. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23970\/AHRQEPCCER198","DOI":"10.23970\/AHRQEPCCER198"},{"issue":"5","key":"2230_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706007379","volume":"36","author":"A Malla","year":"2006","unstructured":"Malla A, Norman R, Schmitz N, Manchanda R, Bechard-Evans L, Takhar J, Haricharan RAJ (2006) Predictors of rate and time to remission in first-episode psychosis: a two-year outcome study. Psychol Med 36(5):649","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"2230_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.05.007","volume":"139","author":"M Alvarez-Jimenez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alvarez-Jimenez M, Priede A, Hetrick SE, Bendall S, Killackey E, Parker AG, McGorry PD, Gleeson JF (2012) Risk factors for relapse following treatment for first episode psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Schizophr Res 139(1\u20133):116\u2013128","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2230_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.62.9.pss6209_1007","volume":"62","author":"JP Wisdom","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wisdom JP, Manuel JI, Drake RE (2011) Substance use disorder among people with first-episode psychosis: a systematic review of course and treatment. Psychiatr Serv 62(9):1007\u20131012","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"issue":"1","key":"2230_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbz038","volume":"46","author":"M Camacho-Gomez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Camacho-Gomez M, Castellvi P (2020) Effectiveness of family intervention for preventing relapse in first-episode psychosis until 24 months of follow-up: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Schizophr Bull 46(1):98\u2013109","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2230_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD000088.pub2","author":"F Pharoah","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pharoah F, Mari JJ, Rathbone J, Wong W (2010) Family intervention for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD000088.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2230_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.09.007","volume":"58","author":"O Santesteban-Echarri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Santesteban-Echarri O, Paino M, Rice S, Gonz\u00e1lez-Blanch C, McGorry P, Gleeson J, Alvarez-Jimenez M (2017) Predictors of functional recovery in first-episode psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Clin Psychol Rev 58:59\u201375","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"2230_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.13m08606","volume":"75","author":"G Jordan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jordan G, Lutgens D, Joober R, Lepage M, Iyer SN, Malla A (2014) The relative contribution of cognition and symptomatic remission to functional outcome following treatment of a first episode of psychosis. J Clin Psychiatry 75(6):566\u2013572","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2230_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.07.006","volume":"193","author":"ES Gardsjord","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gardsjord ES, Romm KL, R\u00f8ssberg JI, Friis S, Barder HE, Evensen J, Haahr U, ten Velden HW, Joa I, Johannessen JO (2018) Is going into stable symptomatic remission associated with a more positive development of life satisfaction? A 10-year follow-up study of first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res 193:364\u2013369","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"13","key":"2230_CR12","first-page":"7S","volume":"50","author":"Canadian Psychiatric Association","year":"2005","unstructured":"Canadian Psychiatric Association (2005) Clinical practice guidelines: treatment of schizophrenia. Can J Psychiat 50(13):7S","journal-title":"Can J Psychiat"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2230_CR13","first-page":"1","volume":"39","author":"Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists","year":"2005","unstructured":"Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (2005) Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of schizophrenia and related disorders. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 39(1\u20132):1\u201330","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2230_CR14","unstructured":"National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (2014) Psychosis and schizophrenia in adults: the NICE guideline on treatment and management. National Clinical Guideline 178. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, London"},{"issue":"3","key":"2230_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.3.241","volume":"56","author":"D Robinson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Robinson D, Woerner MG, Alvir JMJ, Bilder R, Goldman R, Geisler S, Koreen A, Sheitman B, Chakos M, Mayerhoff D (1999) Predictors of relapse following response from a first episode of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56(3):241\u2013247","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"2230_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.117.201475","volume":"211","author":"J Lally","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lally J, Ajnakina O, Stubbs B, Cullinane M, Murphy KC, Gaughran F, Murray RM (2017) Remission and recovery from first-episode psychosis in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis of long-term outcome studies. Br J Psychiatry 211(6):350\u2013358","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"2230_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.178.6.506","volume":"178","author":"G Harrison","year":"2001","unstructured":"Harrison G, Hopper KIM, Craig T, Laska E, Siegel C, Wanderling JOE, Dube KC, Ganev K, Giel R, Der Heiden WA (2001) Recovery from psychotic illness: a 15-and 25-year international follow-up study. Br J Psychiatry 178(6):506\u2013517","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"2230_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.15111419","volume":"174","author":"E Velthorst","year":"2017","unstructured":"Velthorst E, Fett A-KJ, Reichenberg A, Perlman G, van Os J, Bromet EJ, Kotov R (2017) The 20-year longitudinal trajectories of social functioning in individuals with psychotic disorders. Am J Psychiatry 174(11):1075\u20131085","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"2230_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.0623","volume":"75","author":"CU Correll","year":"2018","unstructured":"Correll CU, Galling B, Pawar A, Krivko A, Bonetto C, Ruggeri M, Craig TJ, Nordentoft M, Srihari VH, Guloksuz S (2018) Comparison of early intervention services vs treatment as usual for early-phase psychosis: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. JAMA Psychiat 75(6):555\u2013565","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"issue":"5","key":"2230_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.109.074526","volume":"197","author":"V Bird","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bird V, Premkumar P, Kendall T, Whittington C, Mitchell J, Kuipers E (2010) Early intervention services, cognitive\u2013behavioural therapy and family intervention in early psychosis: systematic review. Br J Psychiatry 197(5):350\u2013356","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"2230_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-017-1388-7","volume":"52","author":"P Conus","year":"2017","unstructured":"Conus P, Cotton S, Schimmelmann BG, McGorry PD, Lambert M (2017) Rates and predictors of 18-months remission in an epidemiological cohort of 661 patients with first-episode psychosis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 52(9):1089\u20131099","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"2230_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867418758918","volume":"52","author":"WC Chang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chang WC, Kwong VWY, Or Chi Fai P, Lau ESK, Chan GHK, Jim OTT, Hui CLM, Chan SKW, Lee EHM, Chen EYH (2018) Motivational impairment predicts functional remission in first-episode psychosis: 3-Year follow-up of the randomized controlled trial on extended early intervention. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 52(12):1194\u20131201","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2230_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2019.02.003","volume":"209","author":"M-H Hall","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hall M-H, Holton KM, \u00d6ng\u00fcr D, Montrose D, Keshavan MS (2019) Longitudinal trajectory of early functional recovery in patients with first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res 209:234\u2013244","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2230_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1037\/ort0000106","volume":"86","author":"N Sohler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sohler N, Adams BG, Barnes DM, Cohen GH, Prins SJ, Schwartz S (2016) Weighing the evidence for harm from long-term treatment with antipsychotic medications: a systematic review. Am J Orthopsychiatry 86(5):477","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2230_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/wnf.0000000000000117","volume":"39","author":"E Longden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Longden E, Read J (2016) Assessing and reporting the adverse effects of antipsychotic medication: a systematic review of clinical studies, and prospective, retrospective, and cross-sectional research. Clin Neuropharmacol 39(1):29\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/wnf.0000000000000117","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2230_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610213001658","volume":"26","author":"AR Atti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Atti AR, Gozzi BF, Zuliani G, Bernabei V, Scudellari P, Berardi D, De Ronchi D, Tarricone I, Menchetti M (2014) A systematic review of metabolic side effects related to the use of antipsychotic drugs in dementia. Int Psychogeriatr 26(1):19","journal-title":"Int Psychogeriatr"},{"key":"2230_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00447","volume":"9","author":"Y Omachi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Omachi Y, Sumiyoshi T (2018) Dose reduction\/discontinuation of antipsychotic drugs in psychosis; effect on cognition and functional outcomes. Front Psychiatry 9:447","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2230_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2015.06.016","volume":"168","author":"JY Guo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guo JY, Huhtaniska S, Miettunen J, J\u00e4\u00e4skel\u00e4inen E, Kiviniemi V, Nikkinen J, Moilanen J, Haapea M, M\u00e4ki P, Jones PB (2015) Longitudinal regional brain volume loss in schizophrenia: relationship to antipsychotic medication and change in social function. Schizophr Res 168(1\u20132):297\u2013304","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"2230_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.19","volume":"70","author":"L Wunderink","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wunderink L, Nieboer RM, Wiersma D, Sytema S, Nienhuis FJ (2013) Recovery in remitted first-episode psychosis at 7 years of follow-up of an early dose reduction\/discontinuation or maintenance treatment strategy: long-term follow-up of a 2-year randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiat 70(9):913\u2013920","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"issue":"4","key":"2230_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2011.02.003","volume":"27","author":"G Faber","year":"2012","unstructured":"Faber G, Smid H, Van Gool AR, Wiersma D, Van Den Bosch RJ (2012) The effects of guided discontinuation of antipsychotics on neurocognition in first onset psychosis. Eur Psychiatry 27(4):275\u2013280","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2230_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2013.08.001","volume":"152","author":"RB Zipursky","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zipursky RB, Menezes NM, Streiner DL (2014) Risk of symptom recurrence with medication discontinuation in first-episode psychosis: a systematic review. Schizophr Res 152(2\u20133):408\u2013414","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2230_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2020.126","volume":"217","author":"A Malla","year":"2020","unstructured":"Malla A, Iyer SN, Rangaswamy T, Ramachandran P, Mohan G, Taksal A, Margolese HC, Schmitz N, Joober R (2020) Comparison of clinical outcomes following 2 years of treatment of first-episode psychosis in urban early intervention services in Canada and India. Br J Psychiatry 217(3):514\u2013520","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2230_CR33","volume-title":"Research Version, Non-patient Edition (SCID-I\/NP)","author":"MB First","year":"2002","unstructured":"First MB, Spitzer RL, Gibbon M, Williams JB (2002) Research Version, Non-patient Edition (SCID-I\/NP). NY Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York"},{"key":"2230_CR34","volume-title":"Scale for the assessment of positive symptoms (SAPS)","author":"NC Andreasen","year":"1984","unstructured":"Andreasen NC (1984) Scale for the assessment of positive symptoms (SAPS). University of Iowa, Iowa City"},{"key":"2230_CR35","volume-title":"Scale for the assessment of negative symptoms (SANS)","author":"NC Andreasen","year":"1983","unstructured":"Andreasen NC (1983) Scale for the assessment of negative symptoms (SANS). University of Iowa, Iowa City"},{"key":"2230_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.8.1119-a","volume":"149","author":"HH Goldman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Goldman HH, Skodol AE, Lave TR (1992) Revising axis V for DSM-IV: a review of measures of social functioning. Am J Psychiatry 149:9","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2230_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3181ca03df","volume":"30","author":"CM Cassidy","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cassidy CM, Rabinovitch M, Schmitz N, Joober R, Malla A (2010) A comparison study of multiple measures of adherence to antipsychotic medication in first-episode psychosis. J Clin Psychopharmacol 30(1):64\u201367","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2230_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.3.441","volume":"162","author":"NC Andreasen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Andreasen NC, Carpenter WT Jr, Kane JM, Lasser RA, Marder SR, Weinberger DR (2005) Remission in schizophrenia: proposed criteria and rationale for consensus. Am J Psychiatry 162(3):441\u2013449","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2230_CR39","volume-title":"The Box in the Barn. Columbus: Highlights for\u2026","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. In: Conner BE (ed) The Box in the Barn. Columbus: Highlights for\u2026. Erlbaum, Hillsdle"},{"issue":"6","key":"2230_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0607","volume":"64","author":"SW Woods","year":"2003","unstructured":"Woods SW (2003) Chlorpromazine equivalent doses for the newer atypical antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry 64(6):663\u2013667","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"suppl_1","key":"2230_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S90","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbv167","volume":"42","author":"S Leucht","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leucht S, Samara M, Heres S, Davis JM (2016) Dose equivalents for antipsychotic drugs: the DDD method. Schizophr Bull 42(suppl_1):S90\u2013S94","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"key":"2230_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720004778","author":"M Harrow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Harrow M, Jobe TH, Tong L (2021) Twenty-year effects of antipsychotics in schizophrenia and affective psychotic disorders. Psychol Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291720004778","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2230_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291720003359","author":"SN Iyer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Iyer SN, Malla A, Taksal A, Maraj A, Mohan G, Ramachandran P, Margolese HC, Schmitz N, Joober R, Rangaswamy T (2020) Context and contact: a comparison of patient and family engagement with early intervention services for psychosis in India and Canada. Psychol Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291720003359","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"S3","key":"2230_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S181","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2019.305018","volume":"109","author":"A Malla","year":"2019","unstructured":"Malla A, McGorry P (2019) Early intervention in psychosis in young people: a population and public health perspective. Am J Public Health 109(S3):S181\u2013S184","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"2230_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30147-4","volume":"7","author":"RJ Drake","year":"2020","unstructured":"Drake RJ, Husain N, Marshall M, Lewis SW, Tomenson B, Chaudhry IB, Everard L, Singh S, Freemantle N, Fowler D (2020) Effect of delaying treatment of first-episode psychosis on symptoms and social outcomes: a longitudinal analysis and modelling study. Lancet Psychiatry 7(7):602\u2013610","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2230_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.125500","volume":"203","author":"M Birchwood","year":"2013","unstructured":"Birchwood M, Connor C, Lester H, Patterson P, Freemantle N, Marshall M, Fowler D, Lewis S, Jones P, Amos T (2013) Reducing duration of untreated psychosis: care pathways to early intervention in psychosis services. Br J Psychiatry 203(1):58\u201364","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2230_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/17542863.2017.1376104","volume":"11","author":"AQ Jilani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jilani AQ, Saha R, Dalal PK, Kallivayalil RA, Tiwari A, Kar SK (2018) The impact of awareness of psychotic disorder on pathways to psychiatric care for first episode psychosis in India. Int J Cult Ment Health 11(3):295\u2013310","journal-title":"Int J Cult Ment Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"2230_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.108.057596","volume":"195","author":"S Chatterjee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chatterjee S, Pillai A, Jain S, Cohen A, Patel V (2009) Outcomes of people with psychotic disorders in a community-based rehabilitation programme in rural India. Br J Psychiatry 195(5):433\u2013439","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-022-02230-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00127-022-02230-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-022-02230-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T07:06:30Z","timestamp":1656572790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00127-022-02230-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]}},"alternative-id":["2230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-022-02230-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7954","1433-9285"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0933-7954"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1433-9285"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 July 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 January 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"None of the following potential conflict of interest statements apply to or are associated with material presented in this manuscript. AM served as a research consultant to and gave lectures at conferences supported by Lundbeck and Otsuka and was on an advisory board meeting for the same two companies for which he received honoraria. HCM reports grants from Acadia, Amgen, SyneuRx international; grants, honoraria and non-financial support from Janssen, Lundbeck,Otsuka; honoraria and non-financial support from Pfizer; honoraria from Sunovion, Purdue, HLS therapeutics, Mylan, Shire within the last 3 years, unrelated to the submitted work. RJ served as speaker and member of advisory board committees for Pfizer, Janssen, BMS, Sunovian, Myelin, Otsuka, Lundbeck, Shire and Perdue. He also received grants from Janssen, BMS, Otsuka, Lundbeck, Astra Zeneca and HLS, within the last 3\u00a0years, unrelated to the submitted work. None: SI, TR, PR, GM, AT, NS.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board at SCARF, Chennai; and the Research Ethics Board at McGill University, Montr\u00e9al and have, therefore, been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all participants per procedures of the study protocol approved by the Institutional Review Board at SCARF, Chennai; and the Research Ethics Board at McGill University, Montr\u00e9al.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}