{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:09:06Z","timestamp":1790665746359,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662076800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Caisse Nationale d\u2019Assurance Maladie","award":["not available"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["not available"]}]},{"name":"Agence nationale de la recherche","award":["ANR-11-INBS-0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-11-INBS-0002"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005137","name":"L\u2019Or\u00e9al","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["not available"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["not available"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005137","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"MSD","award":["not available"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["not available"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011338","name":"AstraZeneca Schweiz","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["not available"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["not available"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013327","name":"Lundbeck","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["not available"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["not available"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013327","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To examine prospectively associations between substance use and subsequent employment among young students.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>From the French population-based CONSTANCES cohort, 1427 students who never worked were included between 2012 and 2018 and followed up for 2.1\u00a0years on average. Generalized estimating equations computed the odds of being unemployed versus employed according to substance use at baseline controlling for sociodemographic factors and depressive state. Tobacco use (smoking status and number of cigarettes), cannabis use frequency, and at-risk alcohol use according to the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (total score\u2009&gt;\u20097) were introduced separately in the models.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Tobacco use was not significantly associated with employment. Cannabis use at least weekly was associated with increased odds of being unemployed OR 1.73 (1.16\u20132.57). At-risk alcohol use was no longer significantly associated with employment after adjustment for depressive state, while analyses on sub-scores of alcohol use suggested that alcohol dependence was associated with increased odds of being unemployed OR 1.65 (1.16\u20132.34).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Public health campaigns targeting youth should include lower chances of getting employed among the detrimental roles of regular cannabis use and at-risk alcohol use.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-022-02357-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T07:02:30Z","timestamp":1662102150000},"page":"249-266","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The association between substance use and subsequent employment among students: prospective findings from the CONSTANCES cohort"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Rita El","family":"Haddad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joane","family":"Matta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9dric","family":"Lemogne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Melchior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Zins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillaume","family":"Airagnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10152","key":"2357_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)31310-2","volume":"392","author":"MG Griswold","year":"2018","unstructured":"Griswold MG, Fullman N, Hawley C, Arian N, Zimsen SRM, Tymeson HD et al (2018) Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990\u20132016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet 392(10152):1015\u20131035","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2357_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(02)00224-7","volume":"68","author":"WA Vega","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vega WA, Aguilar-Gaxiola S, Andrade L, Bijl R, Borges G, Caraveo-Anduaga JJ et al (2002) Prevalence and age of onset for drug use in seven international sites: results from the international consortium of psychiatric epidemiology. Drug Alcohol Depend 68(3):285\u2013297","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2357_CR3","unstructured":"SPF. Consommation de substances psychoactives chez les jeunes en France et dans certains pays \u00e0 revenus \u00e9lev\u00e9s\u202f: \u00c9tat des lieux des modes et niveaux de consommation, et facteurs associ\u00e9s [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 12]. Available from: https:\/\/www.santepubliquefrance.fr\/import\/consommation-de-substances-psychoactives-chez-les-jeunes-en-france-et-dans-certains-pays-a-revenus-eleves-etat-des-lieux-des-modes-et-niveaux-de"},{"issue":"9810","key":"2357_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61138-0","volume":"379","author":"L Degenhardt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Degenhardt L, Hall W (2012) Extent of illicit drug use and dependence, and their contribution to the global burden of disease. Lancet Lond Engl 379(9810):55\u201370","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"issue":"11","key":"2357_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2010.194159","volume":"101","author":"FA Sloan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sloan FA, Grossman DS (2011) Alcohol consumption in early adulthood and schooling completed and labor market outcomes at midlife by race and gender. Am J Public Health 101(11):2093\u20132101","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"2357_CR6","unstructured":"EMPLAB. Preventing exclusion from the labour market: Tackling the COVID-19 youth employment crisis [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Mar 2]. Available from: http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/emppolicy\/pubs\/WCMS_746031\/lang--en\/index.htm"},{"issue":"4","key":"2357_CR7","first-page":"232","volume":"55","author":"D Tamesberger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tamesberger D, Bacher J (2020) COVID-19 crisis: how to avoid a \u201clost generation.\u201d Inter Econ 55(4):232\u2013238","journal-title":"Inter Econ"},{"key":"2357_CR8","unstructured":"Youth employment (Youth Employment) [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 14]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/global\/topics\/youth-employment\/lang--en\/index.htm"},{"key":"2357_CR9","unstructured":"Unemployment - Youth unemployment rate - OECD Data [Internet]. theOECD. [cited 2022 May 24]. Available from: http:\/\/data.oecd.org\/unemp\/youth-unemployment-rate.htm"},{"key":"2357_CR10","unstructured":"Ch\u00f4mage selon le sexe et l\u2019\u00e2ge | Insee [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 14]. Available from: https:\/\/www.insee.fr\/fr\/statistiques\/2489498#tableau-figure1_radio1"},{"key":"2357_CR11","unstructured":"Comment la situation des jeunes sur le march\u00e9 du travail a-t-elle \u00e9volu\u00e9 en 2020\u202f? | Dares [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jun 14]. Available from: https:\/\/dares.travail-emploi.gouv.fr\/publication\/comment-la-situation-des-jeunes-sur-le-marche-du-travail-t-elle-evolue-en-2020"},{"key":"2357_CR12","unstructured":"Unemployment, total (% of total labor force) (modeled ILO estimate) - Germany | Data [Internet]. [cited 2022 Jul 12]. Available from: https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS?locations=DE"},{"issue":"2","key":"2357_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1080\/14616696.2013.821621","volume":"16","author":"M de Lange","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Lange M, Gesthuizen M, Wolbers MHJ (2014) Youth labour market integration across Europe. Eur Soc 16(2):194\u2013212","journal-title":"Eur Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"2357_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-006-9000-1","volume":"54","author":"M Salas-Velasco","year":"2007","unstructured":"Salas-Velasco M (2007) The transition from higher education to employment in Europe: the analysis of the time to obtain the first job. High Educ 54(3):333\u2013360","journal-title":"High Educ"},{"issue":"3","key":"2357_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1177\/0001699307080924","volume":"50","author":"MHJ Wolbers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wolbers MHJ (2007) Patterns of labour market entry: a comparative perspective on school-to-work transitions in 11 European Countries. Acta Sociol 50(3):189\u2013210","journal-title":"Acta Sociol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2357_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(94)80097-9","volume":"108","author":"A Hammarstr\u00f6m","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hammarstr\u00f6m A (1994) Health consequences of youth unemployment. Public Health 108(6):403\u2013412","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"2357_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2016-208012","volume":"71","author":"E Thern","year":"2017","unstructured":"Thern E, de Munter J, Hemmingsson T, Rasmussen F (2017) Long-term effects of youth unemployment on mental health: does an economic crisis make a difference? J Epidemiol Commun Health 71(4):344\u2013349","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Commun Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"2357_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867414525840","volume":"48","author":"DM Fergusson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fergusson DM, McLeod GF, Horwood LJ (2014) Unemployment and psychosocial outcomes to age 30: a fixed-effects regression analysis. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 48(8):735\u2013742","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2357_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473711104010004","volume":"4","author":"D Henkel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Henkel D (2011) Unemployment and substance use: a review of the literature (1990\u20132010). Curr Drug Abuse Rev 4(1):4\u201327","journal-title":"Curr Drug Abuse Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"2357_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-016-0689-y","volume":"18","author":"LM Squeglia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Squeglia LM, Gray KM (2016) Alcohol and drug use and the developing brain. Curr Psychiatry Rep 18(5):46","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"2357_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.04.003","volume":"65","author":"E Holliday","year":"2016","unstructured":"Holliday E, Gould TJ (2016) Nicotine, adolescence, and stress: a review of how stress can modulate the negative consequences of adolescent nicotine abuse. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 65:173\u2013184","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2357_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2014.09.006","volume":"56","author":"S Baggio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baggio S, Iglesias K, Deline S, Studer J, Henchoz Y, Mohler-Kuo M et al (2015) Not in education, employment, or training status among young swiss. Men longitudinal associations with mental health and substance use. J Adolesc Health 56(2):238\u2013243","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2357_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1037\/apl0000244","volume":"103","author":"PA Bamberger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bamberger PA, Koopmann J, Wang M, Larimer M, Nahum-Shani I, Geisner I et al (2018) Does college alcohol consumption impact employment upon graduation? Findings from a prospective study. J Appl Psychol 103(1):111","journal-title":"J Appl Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2357_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2008.02221.x","volume":"103","author":"DM Fergusson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fergusson DM, Boden JM (2008) Cannabis use and later life outcomes. Addict Abingdon Engl 103(6):969\u2013976","journal-title":"Addict Abingdon Engl"},{"issue":"6","key":"2357_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.611","volume":"10","author":"W Feng","year":"2001","unstructured":"Feng W, Zhou W, Butler JS, Booth BM, French MT (2001) The impact of problem drinking on employment. Health Econ 10(6):509\u2013521","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"issue":"2","key":"2357_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2014.09.006","volume":"56","author":"S Baggio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baggio S, Iglesias K, Deline S, Studer J, Henchoz Y, Mohler-Kuo M et al (2015) Not in Education, Employment, or Training status among young Swiss men. Longitudinal associations with mental health and substance use. J Adolesc Health 56(2):238\u2013243","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"2357_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-015-0096-4","volume":"30","author":"M Zins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zins M, Goldberg M, CONSTANCES team (2015) The French CONSTANCES population-based cohort: design, inclusion and follow-up. Eur J Epidemiol 30(12):1317\u20131328","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2357_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/cku005","volume":"24","author":"M Strandh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Strandh M, Winefield A, Nilsson K, Hammarstr\u00f6m A (2014) Unemployment and mental health scarring during the life course. Eur J Public Health 24(3):440\u2013445","journal-title":"Eur J Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2357_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148563","volume":"11","author":"T Lohse","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lohse T, Rohrmann S, Bopp M, Faeh D (2016) Heavy smoking is more strongly associated with general unhealthy lifestyle than obesity and underweight. PLoS ONE 11(2):e0148563","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"2357_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1097\/01.alc.0000187034.58955.64","volume":"29","author":"P Gache","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gache P, Michaud P, Landry U, Accietto C, Arfaoui S, Wenger O et al (2005) The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) as a screening tool for excessive drinking in primary care: reliability and validity of a French version. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 29(11):2001\u20132007","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"2357_CR31","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. Status report on alcohol consumption, harm and policy responses in 30 European countries 2019 [Internet]. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe; 2019 [cited 2022 Jul 13]. Report No.: WHO\/EURO:2019\u20133545\u201343304\u201360696. Available from: https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/346061"},{"issue":"11","key":"2357_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003819","volume":"18","author":"U John","year":"2021","unstructured":"John U, Rumpf HJ, Hanke M, Meyer C (2021) Alcohol abstinence and mortality in a general population sample of adults in Germany: a cohort study. PLOS Med 18(11):e1003819","journal-title":"PLOS Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"2357_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2007.68.474","volume":"68","author":"SR Doyle","year":"2007","unstructured":"Doyle SR, Donovan DM, Kivlahan DR (2007) The factor structure of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). J Stud Alcohol Drugs 68(3):474\u2013479","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"key":"2357_CR34","unstructured":"International Standard Classification of Education (ISCED) [Internet]. ILOSTAT. [cited 2021 Mar 12]. Available from: https:\/\/ilostat.ilo.org\/resources\/concepts-and-definitions\/classification-education\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"2357_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2016-103678","volume":"74","author":"M Goldberg","year":"2017","unstructured":"Goldberg M, Carton M, Descatha A, Leclerc A, Roquelaure Y, Santin G et al (2017) CONSTANCES: a general prospective population-based cohort for occupational and environmental epidemiology: cohort profile. Occup Environ Med 74(1):66\u201371","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2357_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respe.2011.03.061","volume":"59","author":"AJS Morin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Morin AJS, Moullec G, Ma\u00efano C, Layet L, Just JL, Ninot G (2011) Psychometric properties of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in French clinical and nonclinical adults. Rev D\u00c9pid\u00e9miologie Sant\u00e9 Publique 59(5):327\u2013340","journal-title":"Rev D\u00c9pid\u00e9miologie Sant\u00e9 Publique"},{"issue":"4","key":"2357_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.7326\/M16-2607","volume":"167","author":"TJ VanderWeele","year":"2017","unstructured":"VanderWeele TJ, Ding P (2017) Sensitivity analysis in observational research: introducing the E-value. Ann Intern Med 167(4):268\u2013274","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2357_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9531.2007.00180.x","volume":"37","author":"PTV Hippel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hippel PTV (2007) Regression with missing Ys: an improved strategy for analyzing multiply imputed data. Sociol Methodol 37(1):83\u2013117","journal-title":"Sociol Methodol"},{"issue":"9","key":"2357_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx246","volume":"186","author":"A Fry","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fry A, Littlejohns TJ, Sudlow C, Doherty N, Adamska L, Sprosen T et al (2017) Comparison of sociodemographic and health-related characteristics of UK biobank participants with those of the general population. Am J Epidemiol 186(9):1026\u20131034","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2357_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024500","volume":"9","author":"J Arsandaux","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arsandaux J, Michel G, Tournier M, Tzourio C, Gal\u00e9ra C (2019) Is self-esteem associated with self-rated health among French college students? A longitudinal epidemiological study: the i-Share cohort. BMJ Open 9(6):e024500","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"2357_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S1047-2797(02)00257-0","volume":"13","author":"AJM Van Loon","year":"2003","unstructured":"Van Loon AJM, Tijhuis M, Picavet HSJ, Surtees PG, Ormel J (2003) Survey non-response in the Netherlands: effects on prevalence estimates and associations. Ann Epidemiol 13(2):105\u2013110","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2357_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-9276-3-3","volume":"3","author":"AJ S\u00f8gaard","year":"2004","unstructured":"S\u00f8gaard AJ, Selmer R, Bjertness E, Thelle D (2004) The Oslo Health Study: The impact of self-selection in a large, population-based survey. Int J Equity Health 3(1):3","journal-title":"Int J Equity Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"2357_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0083948","volume":"8","author":"RJ Lacey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lacey RJ, Jordan KP, Croft PR (2013) Does attrition during follow-up of a population cohort study inevitably lead to biased estimates of health status? PLoS ONE 8(12):e83948","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2357_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp153","volume":"38","author":"J Ferrie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ferrie J, Kivimaki M, Singh-Manoux A, Shortt A, Martikainen P, Head J et al (2009) Non-response to baseline, non-response to follow-up and mortality in the Whitehall II cohort. Int J Epidemiol 38:831\u2013837","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7481","key":"2357_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.330.7481.49","volume":"330","author":"Y Bonomo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bonomo Y (2005) Cannabis use and dependence: public health and public policy, young people and substance abuse. BMJ 330(7481):49","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"23","key":"2357_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1402309","volume":"370","author":"ND Volkow","year":"2014","unstructured":"Volkow ND, Baler RD, Compton WM, Weiss SRB (2014) Adverse health effects of marijuana use. N Engl J Med 370(23):2219\u20132227","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"2357_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e31820c23fa","volume":"5","author":"RD Crean","year":"2011","unstructured":"Crean RD, Crane NA, Mason BJ (2011) An evidence based review of acute and long-term effects of cannabis use on executive cognitive functions. J Addict Med 5(1):1\u20138","journal-title":"J Addict Med"},{"issue":"9698","key":"2357_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61037-0","volume":"374","author":"W Hall","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hall W, Degenhardt L (2009) Adverse health effects of non-medical cannabis use. Lancet Lond Engl 374(9698):1383\u20131391","journal-title":"Lancet Lond Engl"},{"issue":"11","key":"2357_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0050977","volume":"7","author":"MJ Dry","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dry MJ, Burns NR, Nettelbeck T, Farquharson AL, White JM (2012) Dose-related effects of alcohol on cognitive functioning. PLoS ONE 7(11):e50977","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"5","key":"2357_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.respe.2008.06.262","volume":"56","author":"S Legleye","year":"2008","unstructured":"Legleye S, Beck F, Peretti-Watel P, Chau N (2008) Role of employment or scholar status and gender: drug use among 18 to 25 year-olds in France in 2005. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 56(5):345\u2013355","journal-title":"Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique"}],"container-title":["Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-022-02357-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00127-022-02357-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-022-02357-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T14:19:50Z","timestamp":1676297990000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00127-022-02357-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["2357"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-022-02357-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0933-7954","1433-9285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7954","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-9285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 August 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 August 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 September 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Guillaume Airagnes has received speakers and\/or consulting fees from Pfizer, Lundbeck and Pierre Fabre. C\u00e9dric Lemogne has received speakers and\/or consulting fees from Lundbeck, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen and Otsuka Pharmaceutical. However, it did not have any role in the study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Rita El Haddad, Joane Matta, Maria Melchior and Marie Zins report no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The CONSTANCES cohort has obtained the authorization of the National Data Protection Authority (Commission Nationale de l\u2019Informatique et des Libert\u00e9s, no. 910486) and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Institute for Medical Research\u2014INSERM (no. 01-011).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All the participants have provided a written informed consent.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"All the participants have provided a written informed consent.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}