{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T10:13:27Z","timestamp":1784196807598,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672099200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009780","name":"Region Sk\u00e5ne","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004817","name":"Lund University Medical Faculty Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004817","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Regional Forensic Psychiatric Clinic in V\u00e4xj\u00f6"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003252","name":"Lund University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003252","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Although persistent offenders with histories of imprisonment and violence have disproportionate high rates of psychiatric disorders, little is known of their psychiatric healthcare utilization (HCU) and HCU-associated factors. This study aimed to explore psychiatric HCU, psychiatric morbidity, and psychotropic prescription drugs in violent offenders with a history of incarceration.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Male offenders aged 18\u201325 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009266) imprisoned for violent and\/or physical sexual offenses were clinically assessed in 2010\u20132012 and prospectively followed in Swedish national registries through 2017. Register-based information regarding HCU, psychiatric morbidity, and psychotropic drugs was tracked and compared with a general population group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910,000) and across offending trajectory groups. Baseline risk factors were used to explain prospective psychiatric HCU in violent offenders.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Violent offenders used less general healthcare and psychiatric outpatient care, but more psychiatric inpatient care and were more often given psychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic drugs than the general population. Participants previously assigned to persisting offending trajectory groups had higher rates of psychiatric HCU than those assigned to a desisting trajectory. In multivariable regression models, psychiatric HCU was associated with anxiety disorders, prior psychiatric contact, placement in a foster home, psychopathic traits, low intellectual functioning, and persistent offending.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Violent offenders are burdened by extensive and serious psychiatric morbidity and typically interact with psychiatric healthcare as inpatients rather than outpatients. Knowledge about their backgrounds, criminal behaviors, and psychiatric statuses can aid the planning of psychiatric services for this troublesome group.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-022-02408-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]],"date-time":"2022-12-27T14:04:42Z","timestamp":1672149882000},"page":"617-628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Healthcare utilization and psychiatric morbidity in violent offenders: findings from a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7984-1985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"T\u00e4rnh\u00e4ll","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Bj\u00f6rk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e4rta","family":"Wallinius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peik","family":"Gustafsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Billstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f6rn","family":"Hofvander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2408_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61053-7","author":"S Fazel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fazel S, Baillargeon J (2011) The health of prisoners. Lancet. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61053-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2408_CR2","volume-title":"Prisons and health","author":"S Enggist","year":"2014","unstructured":"Enggist S, M\u00f8ller L, Galea G, Udesen C (2014) Prisons and health. WHO, Copenhagen"},{"key":"2408_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.022269","author":"JM Feron","year":"2005","unstructured":"Feron JM, Paulus D, Tonglet R, Lorant V, Pestiaux D (2005) Substantial use of primary health care by prisoners: epidemiological description and possible explanations. J Epidemiol Commun Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jech.2004.022269","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Commun Health"},{"key":"2408_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14999013.2016.1273980","author":"LC Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves LC, Dirkzwager AJE, Rossegger A, Gon\u00e7alves RA, Martins C, Endrass J (2017) Mental and physical healthcare utilization among young prisoners: a longitudinal study. Int J Forensic Ment Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14999013.2016.1273980","journal-title":"Int J Forensic Ment Health"},{"key":"2408_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-018-3660-2","author":"FG Kouyoumdjian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kouyoumdjian FG, Cheng SY, Fung K, Humphreys-Mahaffey S, Orkin AM, Kendall C, Kiefer L, Matheson FI, Green SE, Hwang SW (2018) Primary care utilization in people who experience imprisonment in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Health Serv Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-018-3660-2","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2408_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201592","author":"FG Kouyoumdjian","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kouyoumdjian FG, Cheng SY, Fung K, Orkin AM, McIsaac KE, Kendall C, Kiefer L, Matheson FI, Green SE, Hwang SW (2018) The health care utilization of people in prison and after prison release: a population-based cohort study in Ontario, Canada. PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0201592","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2408_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40352-021-00136-8","author":"J Spycher","year":"2021","unstructured":"Spycher J, Dusheiko M, Beaup\u00e8re P, Gravier B, Moschetti K (2021) Healthcare in a pure gatekeeping system: utilization of primary, mental and emergency care in the prison population over time. Health Justice. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40352-021-00136-8","journal-title":"Health Justice"},{"key":"2408_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867416640090","author":"R Borschmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Borschmann R, Thomas E, Moran P, Carroll M, Heffernan E, Spittal MJ, Sutherland G, Alati R, Kinner SA (2017) Self-harm following release from prison: A prospective data linkage study. Aust NZ J Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0004867416640090","journal-title":"Aust NZ J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2408_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.107707","author":"C Keen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Keen C, Young JT, Borschmann R, Kinner SA (2020) Non-fatal drug overdose after release from prison: A prospective data linkage study. Drug Alcohol Depend. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2019.107707","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"2408_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmsa064115","author":"IA Binswanger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Binswanger IA, Stern MF, Deyo RA, Heagerty PJ, Cheadle A, Elmore JG, Koepsell TD (2007) Release from prison\u2014a high risk of death for former inmates. N Engl J Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/nejmsa064115","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2408_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2011.00704.x","author":"J Alan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alan J, Burmas M, Preen D, Pfaff J (2011) Inpatient hospital use in the first year after release from prison: a Western Australian population-based record linkage study. Aust N Z J Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1753-6405.2011.00704.x","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Public Health"},{"key":"2408_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-014-2877-y","author":"JW Frank","year":"2014","unstructured":"Frank JW, Linder JA, Becker WC, Fiellin DA, Wang EA (2014) Increased hospital and emergency department utilization by individuals with recent criminal justice involvement: results of a national survey. J Gen Intern Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-014-2877-y","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"2408_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/cem.2019.401","author":"J Tuinema","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tuinema J, Orkin AM, Cheng SY, Fung K, Kouyoumdjian FG (2020) Emergency department use in people who experience imprisonment in Ontario, Canada. CJEM. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/cem.2019.401","journal-title":"CJEM"},{"key":"2408_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008021","author":"JT Young","year":"2015","unstructured":"Young JT, Arnold-Reed D, Preen D, Bulsara M, Lennox N, Kinner SA (2015) Early primary care physician contact and health service utilisation in a large sample of recently released ex-prisoners in Australia: prospective cohort study. BMJ Open. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"2408_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11414-019-09685-1","author":"A Butler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Butler A, Love AD, Young JT, Kinner SA (2020) Frequent attendance to the emergency department after release from prison: a prospective data linkage study. J Behav Health Serv Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11414-019-09685-1","journal-title":"J Behav Health Serv Res"},{"key":"2408_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/mja16.00841","author":"M Carroll","year":"2017","unstructured":"Carroll M, Spittal MJ, Kemp-Casey AR, Lennox NG, Preen DB, Sutherland G, Kinner SA (2017) High rates of general practice attendance by former prisoners: a prospective cohort study. Med J Aust. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/mja16.00841","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"2408_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30142-0","author":"S Fazel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fazel S, Hayes AJ, Bartellas K, Clerici M, Trestman R (2016) Mental health of prisoners: prevalence, adverse outcomes, and interventions. Lancet Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30142-0","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2408_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07740-1","author":"S Fazel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fazel S, Danesh J (2002) Serious mental disorder in 23 000 prisoners: a systematic review of 62 surveys. Lancet. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07740-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2408_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13877","author":"S Fazel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fazel S, Yoon IA, Hayes AJ (2017) Substance use disorders in prisoners: an updated systematic review and meta-regression analysis in recently incarcerated men and women. Addiction. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.13877","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"2408_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714000762","author":"S Young","year":"2015","unstructured":"Young S, Moss D, Sedgwick O, Fridman M, Hodgkins P (2015) A meta-analysis of the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in incarcerated populations. Psychol Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291714000762","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2408_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114523863","author":"L Hassan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hassan L, Senior J, Frisher M, Edge D, Shaw J (2014) A comparison of psychotropic medication prescribing patterns in East of England prisons and the general population. J Psychopharmacol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269881114523863","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"2408_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-021-02066-0","author":"PE Bebbington","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bebbington PE, McManus S, Coid JW, Garside R, Brugha T (2021) The mental health of ex-prisoners: analysis of the 2014 English national survey of psychiatric morbidity. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-021-02066-0","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"2408_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00234-5","author":"Z Chang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chang Z, Larsson H, Lichtenstein P, Fazel S (2015) Psychiatric disorders and violent reoffending: a national cohort study of convicted prisoners in Sweden. Lancet Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00234-5","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"key":"2408_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2018.05.002","author":"K Reising","year":"2019","unstructured":"Reising K, Ttofi MM, Farrington DP, Piquero AR (2019) Depression and anxiety outcomes of offending trajectories: a systematic review of prospective longitudinal studies. J Crim Justice. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2018.05.002","journal-title":"J Crim Justice"},{"key":"2408_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002123","author":"E Thomas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thomas E, Spittal M, Heffernan EB, Taxman FS, Alati R, Kinner SA (2016) Trajectories of psychological distress after prison release: implications for mental health service need in ex-prisoners. Psychol Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291715002123","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"2408_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.1927","author":"N Sodhi-Berry","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sodhi-Berry N, Knuiman M, Preen DB, Alan J, Morgan VA (2015) Predictors of post-sentence mental health service use in a population cohort of first-time adult offenders in Western Australia. Crim Behav Ment Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbm.1927","journal-title":"Crim Behav Ment Health"},{"key":"2408_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.100.4.674","author":"TE Moffitt","year":"1993","unstructured":"Moffitt TE (1993) Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: a developmental taxonomy. Psychol Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.100.4.674","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2408_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-018-0309-4","author":"TE Moffitt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moffitt TE (2018) Male antisocial behaviour in adolescence and beyond. Nat Hum Behav. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41562-018-0309-4","journal-title":"Nat Hum Behav"},{"key":"2408_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbm.810","author":"AR Piquero","year":"2011","unstructured":"Piquero AR, Shepherd I, Shepherd JP, Farrington DP (2011) Impact of offending trajectories on health: disability, hospitalisation and death in middle-aged men in the Cambridge study in delinquent development. Crim Behav Ment Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cbm.810","journal-title":"Crim Behav Ment Health"},{"key":"2408_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0022427806297739","author":"AR Piquero","year":"2007","unstructured":"Piquero AR, Daigle LE, Gibson C, Piquero NL, Tibbetts SG (2007) Are life-course-persistent offenders at risk for adverse health outcomes? J Res Crime Delinq. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022427806297739","journal-title":"J Res Crime Delinq"},{"key":"2408_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2020.101691","author":"A Testa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Testa A, Semenza D (2020) Criminal offending and health over the life-course: a dual-trajectory approach. J Crim Justice. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcrimjus.2020.101691","journal-title":"J Crim Justice"},{"key":"2408_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13506","author":"E Rissanen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rissanen E, Kuvaja-K\u00f6llner V, Elonheimo H, Sillanm\u00e4ki L, Sourander A, Kankaanp\u00e4\u00e4 E (2021) The long-term cost of childhood conduct problems: Finnish nationwide 1981 birth cohort study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.13506","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2408_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12850","author":"JG Rivenbark","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rivenbark JG, Odgers CL, Caspi A, Harrington HL, Hogan S, Houts RM, Poulton R, Moffitt TE (2018) The high societal costs of childhood conduct problems: evidence from administrative records up to age 38 in a longitudinal birth cohort. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12850","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2408_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2012.02.008","author":"AR Piquero","year":"2012","unstructured":"Piquero AR, Jennings WG, Barnes JC (2012) Violence in criminal careers: a review of the literature from a developmental life-course perspective. Aggress Violent Behav. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.avb.2012.02.008","journal-title":"Aggress Violent Behav"},{"key":"2408_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20300","author":"LR Huesmann","year":"2009","unstructured":"Huesmann LR, Dubow EF, Boxer P (2009) Continuity of aggression from childhood to early adulthood as a predictor of life outcomes: Implications for the adolescent-limited and life-course-persistent models. Aggress Behav. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ab.20300","journal-title":"Aggress Behav"},{"key":"2408_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07418825.2012.689315","author":"JM Reingle","year":"2014","unstructured":"Reingle JM, Jennings WG, Piquero AR, Maldonado-Molina MM (2014) Is violence bad for your health? An assessment of chronic disease outcomes in a nationally representative sample. Justice Q. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07418825.2012.689315","journal-title":"Justice Q"},{"key":"2408_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X211066835","author":"J Portnoy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Portnoy J, Schwartz J (2021) Adolescent violent delinquency associated with increased emergency department usage in young adulthood. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0306624X211066835","journal-title":"Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol"},{"key":"2408_CR38","first-page":"0306624X2210865","volume":"18","author":"A T\u00e4rnh\u00e4ll","year":"2022","unstructured":"T\u00e4rnh\u00e4ll A, Bj\u00f6rk J, Wallinius M, Gustafsson P, Hofvander B (2022) Offending trajectories in violent offenders: criminal history and early life risk factors. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 18:0306624X221086565","journal-title":"Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol"},{"key":"2408_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s001270050228","author":"M Timonen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Timonen M, Miettunen J, Hakko H, J\u00e4rvelin MR, Veijola J, Kinnunen J, R\u00e4s\u00e4nen P (2000) Psychiatric admissions at different levels of the national health care services and male criminality: the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s001270050228","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"2408_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.03.004","author":"E Billstedt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Billstedt E, Anckars\u00e4ter H, Wallinius M, Hofvander B (2017) Neurodevelopmental disorders in young violent offenders: overlap and background characteristics. Psychiatry Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.03.004","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2408_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjpo.bp.116.003889","author":"B Hofvander","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hofvander B, Anckars\u00e4ter H, Wallinius M, Billstedt E (2017) Mental health among young adults in prison: the importance of childhood-onset conduct disorder. BJPsych Open. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1192\/bjpo.bp.116.003889","journal-title":"BJPsych Open"},{"key":"2408_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(83)90032-9","volume":"24","author":"RL Spitzer","year":"1983","unstructured":"Spitzer RL (1983) Psychiatric diagnosis: are clinicians still necessary? Compr Psychiatry 24:399\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0010-440X(83)90032-9","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"2408_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00310","author":"C Delfin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Delfin C, Andin\u00e9 P, Hofvander B, Billstedt E, Wallinius M (2018) Examining associations between psychopathic traits and executive functions in incarcerated violent offenders. Front Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00310","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"2408_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/lhb0000202","author":"M Wallinius","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wallinius M, Delfin C, Billstedt E, Nilsson T, Anckars\u00e4ter H, Hofvander B (2016) Offenders in emerging adulthood: school maladjustment, childhood adversities, and prediction of aggressive antisocial behaviors. Law Hum Behav. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/lhb0000202","journal-title":"Law Hum Behav"},{"key":"2408_CR45","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-Axis I & II Disorders","author":"P Press","year":"1998","unstructured":"Press P (1998) Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-Axis I & II Disorders. Pilgrim Press, Kristianstad"},{"key":"2408_CR46","volume-title":"Wechsler adult intelligence scale","author":"D Wechsler","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wechsler D (1997) Wechsler adult intelligence scale, 3rd edn. The Psychological Corporation, San Antonio","edition":"3"},{"key":"2408_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.13.4.566","author":"DS Tulsky","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tulsky DS, Saklofske DH, Wilkins C, Weiss LG (2001) Development of a general ability index for the Wechsler adult intelligence scale\u2014third edition. Psychol Assess. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1040-3590.13.4.566","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"2408_CR48","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn. American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC","edition":"4"},{"key":"2408_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(97)00119-4","author":"EF Coccaro","year":"1997","unstructured":"Coccaro EF, Bermana ME, Kavoussia RJ (1997) Assessment of life history of aggression: development and psychometric characteristics. Psychiatry Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0165-1781(97)00119-4","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2408_CR50","volume-title":"Hare psychopathy checklist\u2014revised technical manual","author":"RD Hare","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hare RD (2003) Hare psychopathy checklist\u2014revised technical manual, 2nd edn. Multi-Health Systems, Toronto","edition":"2"},{"key":"2408_CR51","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J (1988) Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edn. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ","edition":"2"},{"key":"2408_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674041318","volume-title":"Group-based modeling of development","author":"DS Nagin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nagin DS (2005) Group-based modeling of development. Harvard University Press, London"},{"key":"2408_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.1992.10485228","author":"D Lambert","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lambert D (1992) Zero-inflated Poisson regression, with an application to defects in manufacturing. Technometrics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00401706.1992.10485228","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"key":"2408_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029508","author":"DC Atkins","year":"2013","unstructured":"Atkins DC, Baldwin SA, Zheng C, Gallop RJ, Neighbors C (2013) A tutorial on count regression and zero-altered count models for longitudinal substance use data. Psychol Addict Behav. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0029508","journal-title":"Psychol Addict Behav"},{"key":"2408_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1912526","author":"H White","year":"1982","unstructured":"White H (1982) Maximum likelihood estimation of misspecified models. Econometrica. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/1912526","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"2408_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2011.07.002","author":"IA Binswanger","year":"2011","unstructured":"Binswanger IA, Nowels C, Corsi KF, Long J, Booth RE, Kutner J, Steiner JF (2011) \u201cFrom the prison door right to the sidewalk everything went downhill.\u201d A qualitative study of the health experiences of recently released inmates. Int J Law Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijlp.2011.07.002","journal-title":"Int J Law Psychiatry"},{"key":"2408_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39059.594444.AE","author":"A Howerton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Howerton A, Byng R, Campbell J, Hess D, Owens C, Aitken P (2007) Understanding help seeking behaviour among male offenders: qualitative interview study. BMJ. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.39059.594444.AE","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2408_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1203241","author":"P Lichtenstein","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lichtenstein P, Halldner L, Zetterqvist J, Sj\u00f6lander A, Serlachius E, Fazel S, L\u00e5ngstr\u00f6m N, Larsson H (2012) Medication for attention deficit\u2013hyperactivity disorder and criminality. N Engl J Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1203241","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2408_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.15380","author":"Z Chang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chang Z, Lichtenstein P, L\u00e5ngstr\u00f6m N, Larsson H, Fazel S (2016) Association between prescription of major psychotropic medications and violent reoffending after prison release. JAMA. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.15380","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2408_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002622","author":"G Bronsard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bronsard G, Alessandrini M, Fond G, Loundou A, Auquier P, Tordjman S, Boyer L (2016) The prevalence of mental disorders among children and adolescents in the child welfare system: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000002622","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"2408_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.4324","author":"A Sariaslan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sariaslan A, K\u00e4\u00e4ri\u00e4l\u00e4 A, Pitk\u00e4nen J, Remes H, Aaltonen M, Hiilamo H, Martikainen P, Fazel S (2021) Long-term health and social outcomes in children and adolescents placed in out-of-home care. JAMA Pediatr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.4324","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"2408_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181c17da8","author":"CR Gale","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gale CR, Batty GD, Tynelius P, Deary IJ, Rasmussen F (2010) Intelligence in early adulthood and subsequent hospitalization for mental disorders. Epidemiology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3181c17da8","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"2408_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10509674.2017.1400487","author":"SW Schrader","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schrader SW, Tangney JP, Stuewig JB (2018) Does psychopathy differentially predict treatment-seeking during incarceration versus postrelease? J Offender Rehabil. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10509674.2017.1400487","journal-title":"J Offender Rehabil"},{"key":"2408_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00282-1","author":"SA De Brito","year":"2021","unstructured":"De Brito SA, Forth AE, Baskin-Sommers AR, Brazil IA, Kimonis ER, Pardini D, Frick PJ, Blair RJR, Viding E (2021) Psychopathy. Nat Rev Dis Primers. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-021-00282-1","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2408_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10488-018-0848-z","author":"G Hopkin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hopkin G, Evans-Lacko S, Forrester A, Shaw J, Thornicroft G (2018) Interventions at the transition from prison to the community for prisoners with mental illness: a systematic review. Admin Policy Ment Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10488-018-0848-z","journal-title":"Admin Policy Ment Health"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-024-02629-x","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,25]],"date-time":"2024-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711324800000}}],"container-title":["Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-022-02408-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00127-022-02408-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00127-022-02408-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,26]],"date-time":"2024-03-26T07:14:37Z","timestamp":1711437277000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00127-022-02408-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2408"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-022-02408-6","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s00127-024-02629-x","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0933-7954","1433-9285"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0933-7954","type":"print"},{"value":"1433-9285","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 March 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 December 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 December 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 March 2024","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-024-02629-x","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-024-02629-x","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Research Ethics Committee at Lund University (registration numbers 2005\/698, 2009\/405 and 2018\/626).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The DAABS cohort participants were given oral and written information about the study and gave their signed informed consent.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}