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The present paper that compared people with chronic major depressive disorder (MDD), non-chronic MDD and no mood disorder in the community focused on specific atypical and melancholic depression symptoms and subtypes of MDD, family history (FH) of mood disorders, measured physical cardio-vascular risk factors (CVRF), personality traits, coping style and adverse life-events.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Data stemmed from a population-based cohort including 3618 participants (female 53%, n=1918; mean age 50.9 years, s.d. 8.8 years). Among them 563 had a lifetime history of chronic MDD, 1060 of non-chronic MDD and 1995 of no mood disorder. Diagnostic and FH information were elicited through semi-structured interviews, CVRF were assessed through physical investigations.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The major findings were that chronic MDD was associated with increase in appetite\/weight and suicidal ideation\/attempts during the most severe episode, higher exposure to life-events in adulthood, higher levels of neuroticism, lower levels of extraversion and lower levels of informal help-seeking behavior but less frequent FH of MDD compared to non-chronic MDD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Chronic MDD is associated with a series of potential modifiable risk factors which are accessible via psychotherapeutic approaches that may improve the course of chronic MDD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-023-02462-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]],"date-time":"2023-03-23T04:27:23Z","timestamp":1679545643000},"page":"1179-1191","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Correlates of chronic depression in the general population: results from the CoLaus|PsyCoLaus study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8983-8501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilles","family":"Ambresin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3053-484X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie-Pierre F.","family":"Strippoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9092-6648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caroline L.","family":"Vandeleur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3228-4357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yves","family":"de Roten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5877-6616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Nicolas","family":"Despland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5689-4259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Preisig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"2462_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.09.023","volume":"115","author":"J Angst","year":"2009","unstructured":"Angst J, Gamma A, R\u00f6ssler W, Ajdacic V, Klein DN (2009) Long-term depression versus episodic major depression: Results from the prospective Zurich study of a community sample. 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