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We examined the associations between air pollution exposure at two time-points in early development and psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), and emotional and conduct symptoms, assessed in middle childhood (mean age 11.5\u00a0years).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Participants were 19,932 children selected from the NSW Child Development Study (NSW-CDS) with available linked multi-agency data from birth, and self-reported psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) and psychopathology at age 11\u201312\u00a0years (middle childhood). We used binomial logistic regression to examine associations between exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) and particulate matter less than 2.5 \u03bcm (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>) at two time-points (birth and middle childhood) and middle childhood PLEs, and emotional and conduct symptoms, with consideration of socioeconomic status and other potential confounding factors in adjusted models.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In fully adjusted models, NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> exposure in middle childhood was associated with concurrent PLEs (OR\u2009=\u20091.10, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.02\u20131.20). Similar associations with PLEs were found for middle childhood exposure to PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> (OR\u2009=\u20091.05, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.01\u20131.09). Neither NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> nor PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> exposure was associated with emotional symptoms or conduct problems in this study.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study highlights the need for a better understanding of potential mechanisms of action of NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> in the brain during childhood.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-023-02533-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T13:01:43Z","timestamp":1689858103000},"page":"87-98","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Early life exposure to air pollution and psychotic-like experiences, emotional symptoms, and conduct problems in middle childhood"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Melissa","family":"Bradley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kimberlie","family":"Dean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samsung","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin R.","family":"Laurens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicity","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stacy","family":"Tzoumakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirstie","family":"O\u2019Hare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaughan J.","family":"Carr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa J.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"2533_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP4595","volume":"127","author":"I Braithwaite","year":"2019","unstructured":"Braithwaite I, Zhang S, Kirkbride JB et al (2019) Air pollution (Particulate matter) exposure and associations with depression, anxiety, bipolar, psychosis and suicide risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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